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865. Kinetic effects accompanying field electron emission from silicon
Classified
abstracts
856-869
impurities in motion along a curved multipole magnetic field. The experimental vacuum stainless steel chamber is described. I I Demidenko et al, Z/I Tekh Fiz, 42 (6), June 1972, 1204-I 2 I I (in Russian). 18 856. Polarization interaction of opposite plasma fluxes in a linear octupole field. (USSR) The processes of polarization interaction of opposite plasma fluxes are investigated in a nonmagnetic steel vacuum chamber. Plasma clusters were produced in conical plasma generators. D V Berezov et al, Zh Tkh Fiz, 42 (6). June 1972. 1212- I21 8 (in Russian). 18 857. Investigation of characteristics of electron current flowing behind a mesh anode in a turbulent direct discharge. (USSR) Using a electrostatic analyzer, characteristics of the electron current to the anode of turbulent discharge are measured. The impulse direct discharge was excited in a glass vacuum chamber filled by hydrogen plasma with density of IO” to 7 i lOI3 cm-3. A P Babichev et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (6), June 1972, I21 9- I223 (it/ Russian). 18 858. Anode region in gas discharge at low pressures. IV. Anode phenomena in mercury discharge at high currents. (USSR) Anode fall of potential is investigated in mercury discharge at initial pressure of I x 10v3 to I x IO-’ torr with the passage of rectangular current impulses of 10 to 4000 A of 700 ~LSduration. B N Klyarfeld et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (6), June 1972, 1253-l 264 (in Russian). 18 859. Peculiarities of electrode erosion and material transport by plasma erosion in a spark discharge. (USSR) Construction of a discharge system is described which provides intense beams of electrode materials. The experiments have been IO- ’ performed in air at atmospheric pressure and in vacuum at 5 torr. Some dependences between the quantity of materials deposited on the substrate and the energy of discharge are presented. It is found that the pressure of surrounding ambient markedly influences quality of deposited layers. B R Lazarenko et al, Elektron Ohrah Mater, No 2, 1972. 34-37 (in Rusian). 18 860. Application of the Rozhdestvenskiy hook method for observation of evaporation of metals from wall of discharge tube. (USSR) Evaporation of metallic films, previously deposited on the inner surface of a discharge tube, is observed in an impulse discharge using the Rozhdestvenskiy hook method. It is found that a density of released sodium atoms corresponding to 0.1 torr can be attained in an impulse discharge in hydrogen. V G Mishakov and A M Shukhtin. ODtika .S~~k?roskon. 32 (5). Mav. 1972, 1006-1009 (in Russian). I8 861. Inertia of secondary electron emission from some substances. (USSR) Inertia of the secondary electron emission from Pt, BeO, lead-silicate and vanadium glasses, and ZnS was measured with a time resolution of 2 v IO- I2 s. It is found that for all substances tested, the secondary electron emission into vacuum exhibits practically no inertia. A M Tyutikov and V K Kozyrev, Fiz Trwd Tela, 14 (6), June 1972, 1848-I 850 (in Russian). 18 862. Influence of surface contaminations on fine structure of angular characteristics of the coefficient of secondary electron emission of single crystals. (USSR) Data are presented on the influence of surface carbon impurity (less than a monolayer thick), diffusing from the volume of single crystal tungsten sample, on the angular dependence of the coefficient of secondary electron emission for the primary electron energy range of 100 to 1000 eV. The surface state was checked by Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction methods. The tungsten single crystals prepared by pulling from melt were used and residual gas pressure was 2 to 5 ,: 10m9 torr in the experimental device. It is found that surface impurities leading to disturbance of ordered surface structure in quantities less than a monolayer considerably reduce the peaks of fine structure on angular dependence 464
of the coefficient of secondary electron emission of single crystal surface. V V Korablev, Fiz Twrd Tela, 14 (6), J/rnc 1972. 1789-1791 (irz Rumian). I8 863. The relaxation effect of ion-electron emission in germanium under bombardment by Nz+ and Kr+ ions. (USSR) The relaxation effect was found to occur on the interaction of gaseous ions with the Ge crystal surface at temperatures higher than the annealing temperature of defects in this crystal. The coefficient of ion-electron emission changes its value in a nonmonotonic fashion after the beginning of bombardment. N M Omelyanovskaya and S Ya Lebedev, Fiz Twrd Tela, 38 (5). 1972. 1792-i 793 (in Russian). I8 864. Spectra of characteristic energy losses of electrons reflected from La, Ce, Pr and Nd surfaces. (USSR) Spectra of characteristic energy losses of electrons in the range of 0 to 50 eV reflected from La, Ce, Pr and Nd are measured for primary electron energies of 300 eV and sample temperature 850°C. It is concluded that heating the samples in vacuum of 2 ’ 10mh torr, even to temperatures close to the melting point, does not result in complete removal of surface oxides. V V Zashkvara et al, Fiz Trerd Tela, 14 (6), June 1972, I81 2-1814 (irr Russian). 865. Kinetic effects accompanying field electron emission (USSR) Kinetic effects in the field electron emission from silicon gated. The field emitters were cleaned by desorption in a field. Residual gas pressure during measurements was than I ‘I lOmy torr. G N Fursey et al, Fiz Tf>erd Tela, 14 (h), 1972, 1686-1690
IX from silicon. are investihigh electric not higher (in Russian).
1x 866. The relation between electrical breakdown and the shape of volt& ampere characteristics of field emission current of p-Ge. (USSR) Changes in the volt-ampere characteristics of the field emission current from p-type Ge are investigated as a function of oxygen exposure of the emission tip. P G Shlyaktenko et al, Fiz jrz>erd T&a, 14 (5), 1972, 1536-1538 (i/r Russian). 18 867. Emission of activated hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide from freshly treated solid surfaces. (USSR) The problem of formation of latent image in photographic emulsions by radiation from freshly treated surfaces of metals and semiconductors is discussed. It is shown that atomic or activated hydrogen forms the photoactive agent of emission from surface of Si, Zn, Ti, Al and Mg. V V Mitrofanov et al, Fiz Tcerd Telu, 14 (3), 1972,913-9 I5 (in Russiun).
II.
Vacuum
20. PUMPING
apparatus
and auxiliaries
SYSTEMS
20 868. All-glass kit for work in inert artmosphere. (Czechoslovakia) An experimental technique for chemical work in inert atmosphere is described, which makes use of the line vacuum-inert gas. The possibilities of the experimental technique are demonstrated on Schlenktype glassware. Mechanical oil pumps with cooled traps are used for evacuating the vacuum parts. J Hanzlik, Chew Li.~f,v, 66 (6), June 1972, 628-642 (in Czech). 20 869. Vacuum chamber. (USSR) A simplified vacuum chamber offering convenient facilities fcr practical use is described. Among the advantages of this chamber is the fact that the connecting tubes are fixed with demountable joints to the lateral surface of a cryogenic pump and brought out of the chamber through flanges with sealing rings; the outgoing tube is connected to a collector inside the pump filled with coolant and furnished with a choke system. The depth of vacuum achieved in this system is
abstracts
856-869
impurities in motion along a curved multipole magnetic field. The experimental vacuum stainless steel chamber is described. I I Demidenko et al, Z/I Tekh Fiz, 42 (6), June 1972, 1204-I 2 I I (in Russian). 18 856. Polarization interaction of opposite plasma fluxes in a linear octupole field. (USSR) The processes of polarization interaction of opposite plasma fluxes are investigated in a nonmagnetic steel vacuum chamber. Plasma clusters were produced in conical plasma generators. D V Berezov et al, Zh Tkh Fiz, 42 (6). June 1972. 1212- I21 8 (in Russian). 18 857. Investigation of characteristics of electron current flowing behind a mesh anode in a turbulent direct discharge. (USSR) Using a electrostatic analyzer, characteristics of the electron current to the anode of turbulent discharge are measured. The impulse direct discharge was excited in a glass vacuum chamber filled by hydrogen plasma with density of IO” to 7 i lOI3 cm-3. A P Babichev et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (6), June 1972, I21 9- I223 (it/ Russian). 18 858. Anode region in gas discharge at low pressures. IV. Anode phenomena in mercury discharge at high currents. (USSR) Anode fall of potential is investigated in mercury discharge at initial pressure of I x 10v3 to I x IO-’ torr with the passage of rectangular current impulses of 10 to 4000 A of 700 ~LSduration. B N Klyarfeld et al, Zh Tekh Fiz, 42 (6), June 1972, 1253-l 264 (in Russian). 18 859. Peculiarities of electrode erosion and material transport by plasma erosion in a spark discharge. (USSR) Construction of a discharge system is described which provides intense beams of electrode materials. The experiments have been IO- ’ performed in air at atmospheric pressure and in vacuum at 5 torr. Some dependences between the quantity of materials deposited on the substrate and the energy of discharge are presented. It is found that the pressure of surrounding ambient markedly influences quality of deposited layers. B R Lazarenko et al, Elektron Ohrah Mater, No 2, 1972. 34-37 (in Rusian). 18 860. Application of the Rozhdestvenskiy hook method for observation of evaporation of metals from wall of discharge tube. (USSR) Evaporation of metallic films, previously deposited on the inner surface of a discharge tube, is observed in an impulse discharge using the Rozhdestvenskiy hook method. It is found that a density of released sodium atoms corresponding to 0.1 torr can be attained in an impulse discharge in hydrogen. V G Mishakov and A M Shukhtin. ODtika .S~~k?roskon. 32 (5). Mav. 1972, 1006-1009 (in Russian). I8 861. Inertia of secondary electron emission from some substances. (USSR) Inertia of the secondary electron emission from Pt, BeO, lead-silicate and vanadium glasses, and ZnS was measured with a time resolution of 2 v IO- I2 s. It is found that for all substances tested, the secondary electron emission into vacuum exhibits practically no inertia. A M Tyutikov and V K Kozyrev, Fiz Trwd Tela, 14 (6), June 1972, 1848-I 850 (in Russian). 18 862. Influence of surface contaminations on fine structure of angular characteristics of the coefficient of secondary electron emission of single crystals. (USSR) Data are presented on the influence of surface carbon impurity (less than a monolayer thick), diffusing from the volume of single crystal tungsten sample, on the angular dependence of the coefficient of secondary electron emission for the primary electron energy range of 100 to 1000 eV. The surface state was checked by Auger electron spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction methods. The tungsten single crystals prepared by pulling from melt were used and residual gas pressure was 2 to 5 ,: 10m9 torr in the experimental device. It is found that surface impurities leading to disturbance of ordered surface structure in quantities less than a monolayer considerably reduce the peaks of fine structure on angular dependence 464
of the coefficient of secondary electron emission of single crystal surface. V V Korablev, Fiz Twrd Tela, 14 (6), J/rnc 1972. 1789-1791 (irz Rumian). I8 863. The relaxation effect of ion-electron emission in germanium under bombardment by Nz+ and Kr+ ions. (USSR) The relaxation effect was found to occur on the interaction of gaseous ions with the Ge crystal surface at temperatures higher than the annealing temperature of defects in this crystal. The coefficient of ion-electron emission changes its value in a nonmonotonic fashion after the beginning of bombardment. N M Omelyanovskaya and S Ya Lebedev, Fiz Twrd Tela, 38 (5). 1972. 1792-i 793 (in Russian). I8 864. Spectra of characteristic energy losses of electrons reflected from La, Ce, Pr and Nd surfaces. (USSR) Spectra of characteristic energy losses of electrons in the range of 0 to 50 eV reflected from La, Ce, Pr and Nd are measured for primary electron energies of 300 eV and sample temperature 850°C. It is concluded that heating the samples in vacuum of 2 ’ 10mh torr, even to temperatures close to the melting point, does not result in complete removal of surface oxides. V V Zashkvara et al, Fiz Trerd Tela, 14 (6), June 1972, I81 2-1814 (irr Russian). 865. Kinetic effects accompanying field electron emission (USSR) Kinetic effects in the field electron emission from silicon gated. The field emitters were cleaned by desorption in a field. Residual gas pressure during measurements was than I ‘I lOmy torr. G N Fursey et al, Fiz Tf>erd Tela, 14 (h), 1972, 1686-1690
IX from silicon. are investihigh electric not higher (in Russian).
1x 866. The relation between electrical breakdown and the shape of volt& ampere characteristics of field emission current of p-Ge. (USSR) Changes in the volt-ampere characteristics of the field emission current from p-type Ge are investigated as a function of oxygen exposure of the emission tip. P G Shlyaktenko et al, Fiz jrz>erd T&a, 14 (5), 1972, 1536-1538 (i/r Russian). 18 867. Emission of activated hydrogen and hydrogen peroxide from freshly treated solid surfaces. (USSR) The problem of formation of latent image in photographic emulsions by radiation from freshly treated surfaces of metals and semiconductors is discussed. It is shown that atomic or activated hydrogen forms the photoactive agent of emission from surface of Si, Zn, Ti, Al and Mg. V V Mitrofanov et al, Fiz Tcerd Telu, 14 (3), 1972,913-9 I5 (in Russiun).
II.
Vacuum
20. PUMPING
apparatus
and auxiliaries
SYSTEMS
20 868. All-glass kit for work in inert artmosphere. (Czechoslovakia) An experimental technique for chemical work in inert atmosphere is described, which makes use of the line vacuum-inert gas. The possibilities of the experimental technique are demonstrated on Schlenktype glassware. Mechanical oil pumps with cooled traps are used for evacuating the vacuum parts. J Hanzlik, Chew Li.~f,v, 66 (6), June 1972, 628-642 (in Czech). 20 869. Vacuum chamber. (USSR) A simplified vacuum chamber offering convenient facilities fcr practical use is described. Among the advantages of this chamber is the fact that the connecting tubes are fixed with demountable joints to the lateral surface of a cryogenic pump and brought out of the chamber through flanges with sealing rings; the outgoing tube is connected to a collector inside the pump filled with coolant and furnished with a choke system. The depth of vacuum achieved in this system is