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868 ALTERATIONS IN CUTANEOUS VASOMOTOR RESPONSES AND INFLAMMATORY STATE AFFECTED BY CHRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKING AND AGING
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Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13–184
Aminoacid changes were analyzed by 3 different softwares, and their Gratham distance, conservation, motif belonging... was also evaluated. The software’s predictions were not always accurate and failed in predicting the pathogenicity of several changes. Nevertheless, 2 of the softwares did not consider pathogenic any non-pathogenic variant. The unique association found was the pathogenicity of changes in relevant aminoacids from known important motifs or in Cysteines implied in disulfuric bounds. Taken this data together we consider that although bioinformatical tools are useful to give first impressions, it is necessary to perform validation studies to assure that any change in LDLR is causative of FH. 867 CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS (NORTH-EASTERN PART OF SIBERIA) N. Makharova1 , M. Voevoda2 , L. Pavlov3 , V. Tarasova4 , L. Myarina4 , S. Petrova3 , M. Tomskij4 . 1 Yakut Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Yakutsk, 2 Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 3 National Center of Medicine of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 4 Yakut Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia Aim: To assess the level of the coronary artery’s lesion (CA) and clinical features among indigenous and non-indigenous people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Methods: There was the analysis of clinical parameters of patients after the coronary angiography (n = 568). Among indigenous people we mean − Yakuts, Evenks, Chukchies, and other national minorities of Yakutia, non-indigenous − Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and other nationalities. Results: The single vascular lesions were found more often among indigenous population (p = 0.001), but three vascular and more lesions took place more among non-indigenous (p = 0.001). Average number of affected arteries was respectively 2.1+0.1 vs 2.4+0.1; p = 0.001. The level of atherogenic lipids as well as the total calcium was significantly lower among indigenous, than nonindigenous (349.1+129.8 vs 621.8+115.2 respectively (p = 0.011). Two groups of people in Yakutia didn’t differ on the frequency of myocardial infarction (MI) according to the age of its development. MI without previous stenocardia (53% and 42%; p = 0.023), painless myocardial ischemia were more among native population. Conclusions: Indigenous people in Yakutia due to coronary angiography and computed tomography, had less coronary artery’s lesion, low level of atherogenic lipids in comparison with non-indigenous people. Myocardial infarction develops among native people with lower presence of coronary atherosclerosis, but more often they have MI without stenocardia and painless myocardial ischemia. 868 ALTERATIONS IN CUTANEOUS VASOMOTOR RESPONSES AND INFLAMMATORY STATE AFFECTED BY CHRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKING AND AGING I. Mikelsone1 , I. Bormane1 , Z. Simsone1 , P. Tretjakovs2 . 1 Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Latvia, 2 Centre of Endocrinology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia Objective: Cigarette smoking can induce proinflammatory state and endothelial injury characterized by decreased vasodilatation. Impaired vasodilatory function is one of the earliest manifestations of atherosclerotic changes in the vasculature. Aim: To evaluate the alterations in endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation and the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines in healthy chronic cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: There were 4 study groups: 2 groups of young adults (26±7 y.o.) − smokers n = 10, nonsmokers n = 12 and 2 groups of elderly adults (50±10 y.o.) − smokers n = 10, nonsmokers n = 12. The smoking status of young and elderly smokers were 8.4±4 and 15.7±7 pack-years, respectively. We used laser Doppler imaging technique in conjunction with iontophoretic application of 1% acethylcholine (Ach) solution and local heating +440 C on the dorsum of the palm. Serum MCP-1 and TNF-a were measured by xMAP technology (Luminex-200 analyzer). Results: The vasodilatory response to local heating was significantly decreased in elderly smokers compared with other study groups. The reduced vasodilatation appeared during initial peak, mediated by an axon reflex mechanism (p < 0.05) and late phase − endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (p < 0.05). Ach induced vasodilatation was significantly decreased in elderly groups vs. young groups (p < 0.05). The level of TNF-a was significantly higher in smokers vs. nonsmokers (p < 0.05). The level of MCP-1 was slightly higher in smokers. We found negative correlation between Ach induced vasodilatation and pack-years (p < 0.05; r = −0.52) in smoking subjects. Conclusions: Data showed that long-lasting cigarette smoking significantly impair peripheral microvascular function due to increased inflammatory response.
Poster presentations
869 DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER PRESPECIFIED PREDICTIVE MODEL BASED ON BAYESIAN BELIEVE NETWORKS METHOD FOR UNFAVOURABLE OUTCOMES AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME I.V. Uporov1 , I.N. Kurochkin1 , M.A. Evdokimova2 , V.V. Nosikov3 , D.A. Zateyshchikov2 . 1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2 Russian President’s Educational Scientific Medical Centre, 3 National Research Centre ‘GosNII Genetika’, Moscow, Russia Clinical course prediction in patients undergoing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a very important and only partial resolved clinical problem. The aim of the study was to develop the new model which includes clinical, genetic and instrumental data. 1190 patients (63.3% men) from 5 regions of Russia were involved in the study on the 10-th day after ACS in stable condition. We registered the following endpoints − unstable angina, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke and death for other reasons. The follow-up time was 18 mouths. The database contains 407 variables − clinical, life style, instrumental characteristics, 30 polymorphic markers of genes encoding haemostatic inflammation factors and lipid transport proteins. Bayesian believe networks (BN) method was used for evaluation of unfavourable outcome probabilities. We have carried out survival curve analysis (SCA) and determined the set of factors affecting patient outcomes. A current predictive BN demonstrated a satisfactory prognosis (AUC = 0.59). The SCA also revealed that some factors (for example, genotypes of G(−455)A marker of FGB gene) demonstrated opposite effects on outcomes for men and women. Therefore one can conclude that prognosis method should take into account a gender difference between patients Quality of prognosis can be improved by building a separate BNs for men (AUC = 0.67) and for women (AUC = 0.63). Thus gender prespecified Bayesian believe network model can be useful for assessment patients after ACS. 870 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN S. Sabour1,2 , M.L. Bartelink2 , A. Rutten3 , D.E. Grobbee2 , M. Prokop3 , Y.T. van der Schouw2 , M.L. Bots2 . 1 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, 3 Radiology Department, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Background: Myocardial infarctions at different locations have been related to different sets of risk factors. This study was designed to examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and specific coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods: The study population comprised 573 postmenopausal women selected from a population-based cohort study. Established vascular risk factors were measured. The women underwent a multi detector-row computed tomography (16 MDCT) to assess coronary calcium. The Agatston score was used to quantify coronary calcium. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the relations. Results: The prevalence of coronary artery calcification (Agatston score >0) was 61.5% (n = 348). CAC was most common in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery with a prevalence of 43.9%; and the rates of prevalence in the right coronary artery (RCA), the circumflex (LCX), the left main artery (LM), and the posterior descending artery (PDA) were 23.1%, 19.4%, 15.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. In the multivariate regression models, age was predominantly related to the calcification in the LAD and LCX, low density lipoprotein to calcification in the LAD, and cholesterol to the calcification of the RCA. Hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were related to the calcification of the LCX, whereas smoking was predominantly related to the calcification of both LAD and RCA. Finally, age, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure were significantly related to the calcification in the LM. Conclusion: The consequences of elevated risk factor levels on the development of atherosclerosis appeared to be different across the segments of the coronary arteries. 871 ROLE OF INTIMA-MEDIA COMPLEX AND ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HIV PATIENTS C. Teixeira Brandt1 , E.T. Godoi2 . 1 Surgery, 2 Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Introduction: The development of cardiovascular disease in HIV patients is related to endothelial dysfunction, and/or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The measurement of intima-media complex (IMC) can be used as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) has association with the risk of cardiovascular mortality. This study was set out to compare the measurements of the ABI and IMC of the carotid arteries in HIV patients, taking into consideration the risk factors for atherosclerosis and the characteristics of HIV patients (duration of disease, length of treatment, type of ARV treatment, use of protease inhibitor − PI). Methods: Seventy HIV patientstreated with ARV more than five years and 70 controls were selected, matched by gender and age, who were assessed for
Atherosclerosis Supplements 12, no. 1 (2011) 13–184
Aminoacid changes were analyzed by 3 different softwares, and their Gratham distance, conservation, motif belonging... was also evaluated. The software’s predictions were not always accurate and failed in predicting the pathogenicity of several changes. Nevertheless, 2 of the softwares did not consider pathogenic any non-pathogenic variant. The unique association found was the pathogenicity of changes in relevant aminoacids from known important motifs or in Cysteines implied in disulfuric bounds. Taken this data together we consider that although bioinformatical tools are useful to give first impressions, it is necessary to perform validation studies to assure that any change in LDLR is causative of FH. 867 CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS (NORTH-EASTERN PART OF SIBERIA) N. Makharova1 , M. Voevoda2 , L. Pavlov3 , V. Tarasova4 , L. Myarina4 , S. Petrova3 , M. Tomskij4 . 1 Yakut Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Yakutsk, 2 Institute of Internal Medicine, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 3 National Center of Medicine of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), 4 Yakut Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Siberian Branch, Yakutsk, Russia Aim: To assess the level of the coronary artery’s lesion (CA) and clinical features among indigenous and non-indigenous people in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Methods: There was the analysis of clinical parameters of patients after the coronary angiography (n = 568). Among indigenous people we mean − Yakuts, Evenks, Chukchies, and other national minorities of Yakutia, non-indigenous − Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians and other nationalities. Results: The single vascular lesions were found more often among indigenous population (p = 0.001), but three vascular and more lesions took place more among non-indigenous (p = 0.001). Average number of affected arteries was respectively 2.1+0.1 vs 2.4+0.1; p = 0.001. The level of atherogenic lipids as well as the total calcium was significantly lower among indigenous, than nonindigenous (349.1+129.8 vs 621.8+115.2 respectively (p = 0.011). Two groups of people in Yakutia didn’t differ on the frequency of myocardial infarction (MI) according to the age of its development. MI without previous stenocardia (53% and 42%; p = 0.023), painless myocardial ischemia were more among native population. Conclusions: Indigenous people in Yakutia due to coronary angiography and computed tomography, had less coronary artery’s lesion, low level of atherogenic lipids in comparison with non-indigenous people. Myocardial infarction develops among native people with lower presence of coronary atherosclerosis, but more often they have MI without stenocardia and painless myocardial ischemia. 868 ALTERATIONS IN CUTANEOUS VASOMOTOR RESPONSES AND INFLAMMATORY STATE AFFECTED BY CHRONIC CIGARETTE SMOKING AND AGING I. Mikelsone1 , I. Bormane1 , Z. Simsone1 , P. Tretjakovs2 . 1 Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Latvia, 2 Centre of Endocrinology, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia Objective: Cigarette smoking can induce proinflammatory state and endothelial injury characterized by decreased vasodilatation. Impaired vasodilatory function is one of the earliest manifestations of atherosclerotic changes in the vasculature. Aim: To evaluate the alterations in endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation and the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines in healthy chronic cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. Methods: There were 4 study groups: 2 groups of young adults (26±7 y.o.) − smokers n = 10, nonsmokers n = 12 and 2 groups of elderly adults (50±10 y.o.) − smokers n = 10, nonsmokers n = 12. The smoking status of young and elderly smokers were 8.4±4 and 15.7±7 pack-years, respectively. We used laser Doppler imaging technique in conjunction with iontophoretic application of 1% acethylcholine (Ach) solution and local heating +440 C on the dorsum of the palm. Serum MCP-1 and TNF-a were measured by xMAP technology (Luminex-200 analyzer). Results: The vasodilatory response to local heating was significantly decreased in elderly smokers compared with other study groups. The reduced vasodilatation appeared during initial peak, mediated by an axon reflex mechanism (p < 0.05) and late phase − endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (p < 0.05). Ach induced vasodilatation was significantly decreased in elderly groups vs. young groups (p < 0.05). The level of TNF-a was significantly higher in smokers vs. nonsmokers (p < 0.05). The level of MCP-1 was slightly higher in smokers. We found negative correlation between Ach induced vasodilatation and pack-years (p < 0.05; r = −0.52) in smoking subjects. Conclusions: Data showed that long-lasting cigarette smoking significantly impair peripheral microvascular function due to increased inflammatory response.
Poster presentations
869 DEVELOPMENT OF GENDER PRESPECIFIED PREDICTIVE MODEL BASED ON BAYESIAN BELIEVE NETWORKS METHOD FOR UNFAVOURABLE OUTCOMES AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME I.V. Uporov1 , I.N. Kurochkin1 , M.A. Evdokimova2 , V.V. Nosikov3 , D.A. Zateyshchikov2 . 1 Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2 Russian President’s Educational Scientific Medical Centre, 3 National Research Centre ‘GosNII Genetika’, Moscow, Russia Clinical course prediction in patients undergoing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a very important and only partial resolved clinical problem. The aim of the study was to develop the new model which includes clinical, genetic and instrumental data. 1190 patients (63.3% men) from 5 regions of Russia were involved in the study on the 10-th day after ACS in stable condition. We registered the following endpoints − unstable angina, fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke and death for other reasons. The follow-up time was 18 mouths. The database contains 407 variables − clinical, life style, instrumental characteristics, 30 polymorphic markers of genes encoding haemostatic inflammation factors and lipid transport proteins. Bayesian believe networks (BN) method was used for evaluation of unfavourable outcome probabilities. We have carried out survival curve analysis (SCA) and determined the set of factors affecting patient outcomes. A current predictive BN demonstrated a satisfactory prognosis (AUC = 0.59). The SCA also revealed that some factors (for example, genotypes of G(−455)A marker of FGB gene) demonstrated opposite effects on outcomes for men and women. Therefore one can conclude that prognosis method should take into account a gender difference between patients Quality of prognosis can be improved by building a separate BNs for men (AUC = 0.67) and for women (AUC = 0.63). Thus gender prespecified Bayesian believe network model can be useful for assessment patients after ACS. 870 CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN S. Sabour1,2 , M.L. Bartelink2 , A. Rutten3 , D.E. Grobbee2 , M. Prokop3 , Y.T. van der Schouw2 , M.L. Bots2 . 1 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 2 Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, UMC Utrecht, 3 Radiology Department, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands Background: Myocardial infarctions at different locations have been related to different sets of risk factors. This study was designed to examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and specific coronary artery calcification (CAC). Methods: The study population comprised 573 postmenopausal women selected from a population-based cohort study. Established vascular risk factors were measured. The women underwent a multi detector-row computed tomography (16 MDCT) to assess coronary calcium. The Agatston score was used to quantify coronary calcium. Logistic regression models were utilized to assess the relations. Results: The prevalence of coronary artery calcification (Agatston score >0) was 61.5% (n = 348). CAC was most common in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery with a prevalence of 43.9%; and the rates of prevalence in the right coronary artery (RCA), the circumflex (LCX), the left main artery (LM), and the posterior descending artery (PDA) were 23.1%, 19.4%, 15.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. In the multivariate regression models, age was predominantly related to the calcification in the LAD and LCX, low density lipoprotein to calcification in the LAD, and cholesterol to the calcification of the RCA. Hypertension and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were related to the calcification of the LCX, whereas smoking was predominantly related to the calcification of both LAD and RCA. Finally, age, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure were significantly related to the calcification in the LM. Conclusion: The consequences of elevated risk factor levels on the development of atherosclerosis appeared to be different across the segments of the coronary arteries. 871 ROLE OF INTIMA-MEDIA COMPLEX AND ANKLE-BRACHIAL INDEX IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN HIV PATIENTS C. Teixeira Brandt1 , E.T. Godoi2 . 1 Surgery, 2 Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil Introduction: The development of cardiovascular disease in HIV patients is related to endothelial dysfunction, and/or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The measurement of intima-media complex (IMC) can be used as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) has association with the risk of cardiovascular mortality. This study was set out to compare the measurements of the ABI and IMC of the carotid arteries in HIV patients, taking into consideration the risk factors for atherosclerosis and the characteristics of HIV patients (duration of disease, length of treatment, type of ARV treatment, use of protease inhibitor − PI). Methods: Seventy HIV patientstreated with ARV more than five years and 70 controls were selected, matched by gender and age, who were assessed for