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A Case of Multicentric B-cell Lymphoma in an Alpaca
146:1, 2012
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2011
73
OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN FIGHTING BULLS U. D avila *, L. Maniscalco y, M. A. Sierra *, endez* B. Biolatti y and A. M *Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Cordoba and yDepartment of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Italy Introduction: Osteochondrosis (OCD) is characterized by failure of endochondral ossification involving the articulareepiphyseal cartilage complex. Articular pathologies are frequent in these bulls as they are bred to be overweight. This disease has been linked to risk factors including incorrect feeding, grazing on hard surfaces, hereditary factors, conformation defects and trauma. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 200 fighting bulls (3e4 years old) where the joint surfaces of the carpal and metacarpal bones III and IV were analyzed radiographically and by scanning electron microscopy. Areas of interest for histopathological examination were sampled and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Bone samples were decalcified in 11% hydrochloric acid. Tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Fraser Lendrum stain. Results: In 80% of samples of joint cartilage there were significant histopathological changes consistent with OCD. In all the affected cases, the lesion was bilateral, appearing on the surface of the cartilage corresponding to areas of friction within the joint. Conclusions: OCD in the fighting bull is characterized by abnormalities in endochondral ossification of the cartilaginous complex of the articulareepiphyseal region. The aetiology most likely relates to trauma or biomechanical factors in cartilage that has been weakened by nutritional or hormonal imbalance, vascular disruption and genetic factors.
SYSTEMIC SPREAD OF INFECTION IN TAIL-BITTEN PIGS a* H.-K. Sihvo *, O. Simola *, C. Munsterhjelm y and P. Syrj€ *University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and y Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Introduction: Tail biting causes inflammation of the tail and is associated with abscesses, especially in the lung and spine, of finishing pigs. Three routes of spread of infection from the tail have been proposed previously: venous, lymphatic and cerebrospinal. The aim of this study was to test those routes for systemic spread of infection in tail biting. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five growing, tail-bitten pigs and 21 age-matched, unbitten controls were subjected to necropsy examination. Internal organs, tail and central nervous system were examined microscopically and tissues with inflammatory lesions were cultured. Results: Venous route: chronic purulent or necrotizing interstitial or bronchopneumonia with (n 5 7) or without (n 5 2) abscesses was associated with severe tail damage. Bacteriology revealed primary and secondary pathogens (e.g. environmental bacteria). Pulmonary actinobacillosis, mild lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and mild lymphocytic infiltration of several organs were evenly present both in bitten and control animals. Lymphatic route: enlarged and mildly reactive lumbar lymph nodes were present in two pigs; both had a severely bitten tail. Cerebrospinal route: mild multifocal meningeal lymphocytic infiltrates were present both in bitten and control pigs. Conclusions: Systemic spread of infection in growing, tail-bitten pigs occurs mainly via the venous route, targeting the lungs, and to a lesser extent via lymphatic spread. Tail biting seems also to predispose the pig to opportunist lung infections.
A CASE OF MULTICENTRIC B-CELL LYMPHOMA IN AN ALPACA K. Belak Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden Introduction: Alpacas have progressively gained popularity as companion animals in Sweden. Reports of neoplasia in New World camelids are uncommon and most reports are of neoplasia in llamas. This case report describes the pathological features of a multicentric lymphoma found in an alpaca. Materials and Methods: A 10-year-old male alpaca that had been used for breeding purposes presented with a history of progressive weight loss and markedly enlarged lymph nodes. Following humane destruction a complete necropsy examination was performed. Selected tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned and processed routinely. Immunohistochemistry was performed on samples of lymph nodes with reagents specific for CD3 and CD79a. Results: At gross examination, marked generalized lymph node enlargement was found with replacement of normal nodal architecture by homogeneous pale tan, firm tissue. The animal was emaciated. Histopathological examination revealed a neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes, characterized by a dense packeting of round to slightly elongated, pleomorphic mesenchymal cells in a fine fibrous stroma. Mitotic activity was relatively high. Immunohistochemical labelling with anti-CD79a showed strong labelling of a large proportion of neoplastic cells. Conclusions: Based on these features the tumour was diagnosed as a multicentric B-cell lymphoma.
APROSENCEPHALY AND OTOCEPHALY IN A LAMB WITHOUT OTX2 MUTATION L. Brachth€ auser *, S. Klumpp y, W. Hecht *, K. Kuchelmeister z, M. Reinacher * and C. Herden* *Institut f€ur Veterin€ar-Pathologie, yKlinik f€ur Kleintiere, Justus-Liebig-Universit€at Giessen and zInstitut f€ur Neuropathologie, Universit€atsklinikum Bonn, Germany Introduction: Aprosencephaly is a rare condition in veterinary and human medicine characterized by a complete absence of the telencephalon and diencephalon that can be associated with severe facial dysmorphism designated as otocephaly. Dysfunctional mutation leading to otx2 gene heterozygosity is associated with this phenotype in mouse models. Materials and Methods: Morphological abnormalities of the skull and central nervous system (CNS) are described in a stillborn lamb by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examination. Cells of developed parts of the brain were characterized immunohistochemically and DNA was isolated for otx2 gene sequencing. Results: Craniofacial alterations comprised a severely reduced and dysplastic splanchnocranium with pinnae fusing in the midventral part of the brain (otocephaly). The microencephalic brain lacked the entire forebrain (telencephalon and dienencephalon), while the cerebellum had a normally developed layered and mature cortex. No polymorphic sites were recognized within the otx2 gene, which was fully sequenced for the first time in Ovis aries. Conclusions: CNS malformations may have varied aetiologies in veterinary and human medicine. In this case of true aprosencephaly, no mutations of the otx2 gene were found. Thus, metabolic and oxygenic disturbances might be possible teratogenic causes for this naturally occurring condition.
ESVP/ECVP Proceedings 2011
73
OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN FIGHTING BULLS U. D avila *, L. Maniscalco y, M. A. Sierra *, endez* B. Biolatti y and A. M *Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, University of Cordoba and yDepartment of Animal Pathology, University of Turin, Italy Introduction: Osteochondrosis (OCD) is characterized by failure of endochondral ossification involving the articulareepiphyseal cartilage complex. Articular pathologies are frequent in these bulls as they are bred to be overweight. This disease has been linked to risk factors including incorrect feeding, grazing on hard surfaces, hereditary factors, conformation defects and trauma. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 200 fighting bulls (3e4 years old) where the joint surfaces of the carpal and metacarpal bones III and IV were analyzed radiographically and by scanning electron microscopy. Areas of interest for histopathological examination were sampled and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Bone samples were decalcified in 11% hydrochloric acid. Tissues were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Fraser Lendrum stain. Results: In 80% of samples of joint cartilage there were significant histopathological changes consistent with OCD. In all the affected cases, the lesion was bilateral, appearing on the surface of the cartilage corresponding to areas of friction within the joint. Conclusions: OCD in the fighting bull is characterized by abnormalities in endochondral ossification of the cartilaginous complex of the articulareepiphyseal region. The aetiology most likely relates to trauma or biomechanical factors in cartilage that has been weakened by nutritional or hormonal imbalance, vascular disruption and genetic factors.
SYSTEMIC SPREAD OF INFECTION IN TAIL-BITTEN PIGS a* H.-K. Sihvo *, O. Simola *, C. Munsterhjelm y and P. Syrj€ *University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and y Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden Introduction: Tail biting causes inflammation of the tail and is associated with abscesses, especially in the lung and spine, of finishing pigs. Three routes of spread of infection from the tail have been proposed previously: venous, lymphatic and cerebrospinal. The aim of this study was to test those routes for systemic spread of infection in tail biting. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five growing, tail-bitten pigs and 21 age-matched, unbitten controls were subjected to necropsy examination. Internal organs, tail and central nervous system were examined microscopically and tissues with inflammatory lesions were cultured. Results: Venous route: chronic purulent or necrotizing interstitial or bronchopneumonia with (n 5 7) or without (n 5 2) abscesses was associated with severe tail damage. Bacteriology revealed primary and secondary pathogens (e.g. environmental bacteria). Pulmonary actinobacillosis, mild lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia and mild lymphocytic infiltration of several organs were evenly present both in bitten and control animals. Lymphatic route: enlarged and mildly reactive lumbar lymph nodes were present in two pigs; both had a severely bitten tail. Cerebrospinal route: mild multifocal meningeal lymphocytic infiltrates were present both in bitten and control pigs. Conclusions: Systemic spread of infection in growing, tail-bitten pigs occurs mainly via the venous route, targeting the lungs, and to a lesser extent via lymphatic spread. Tail biting seems also to predispose the pig to opportunist lung infections.
A CASE OF MULTICENTRIC B-CELL LYMPHOMA IN AN ALPACA K. Belak Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden Introduction: Alpacas have progressively gained popularity as companion animals in Sweden. Reports of neoplasia in New World camelids are uncommon and most reports are of neoplasia in llamas. This case report describes the pathological features of a multicentric lymphoma found in an alpaca. Materials and Methods: A 10-year-old male alpaca that had been used for breeding purposes presented with a history of progressive weight loss and markedly enlarged lymph nodes. Following humane destruction a complete necropsy examination was performed. Selected tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned and processed routinely. Immunohistochemistry was performed on samples of lymph nodes with reagents specific for CD3 and CD79a. Results: At gross examination, marked generalized lymph node enlargement was found with replacement of normal nodal architecture by homogeneous pale tan, firm tissue. The animal was emaciated. Histopathological examination revealed a neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes, characterized by a dense packeting of round to slightly elongated, pleomorphic mesenchymal cells in a fine fibrous stroma. Mitotic activity was relatively high. Immunohistochemical labelling with anti-CD79a showed strong labelling of a large proportion of neoplastic cells. Conclusions: Based on these features the tumour was diagnosed as a multicentric B-cell lymphoma.
APROSENCEPHALY AND OTOCEPHALY IN A LAMB WITHOUT OTX2 MUTATION L. Brachth€ auser *, S. Klumpp y, W. Hecht *, K. Kuchelmeister z, M. Reinacher * and C. Herden* *Institut f€ur Veterin€ar-Pathologie, yKlinik f€ur Kleintiere, Justus-Liebig-Universit€at Giessen and zInstitut f€ur Neuropathologie, Universit€atsklinikum Bonn, Germany Introduction: Aprosencephaly is a rare condition in veterinary and human medicine characterized by a complete absence of the telencephalon and diencephalon that can be associated with severe facial dysmorphism designated as otocephaly. Dysfunctional mutation leading to otx2 gene heterozygosity is associated with this phenotype in mouse models. Materials and Methods: Morphological abnormalities of the skull and central nervous system (CNS) are described in a stillborn lamb by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and pathological examination. Cells of developed parts of the brain were characterized immunohistochemically and DNA was isolated for otx2 gene sequencing. Results: Craniofacial alterations comprised a severely reduced and dysplastic splanchnocranium with pinnae fusing in the midventral part of the brain (otocephaly). The microencephalic brain lacked the entire forebrain (telencephalon and dienencephalon), while the cerebellum had a normally developed layered and mature cortex. No polymorphic sites were recognized within the otx2 gene, which was fully sequenced for the first time in Ovis aries. Conclusions: CNS malformations may have varied aetiologies in veterinary and human medicine. In this case of true aprosencephaly, no mutations of the otx2 gene were found. Thus, metabolic and oxygenic disturbances might be possible teratogenic causes for this naturally occurring condition.