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A Chart for Testing Visual Acuity and Astigmatism*
304
NOTES, CASES, I N S T R U M E N T S REFERENCES
'Duke-Elder, W. S. Text-book of ophthalmology. Saint Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1938, v. 2, pp. 1728-1733. 2 Welsh, A. L. Specificity of a streptococcus isolated from patients with pemphigus ; preliminary report. Arch. Dermat. and Syph., 1934, v. 30, Nov., pp. 611-630. 3 New, G. B., and O'Leary, P. A. Pemphigus from the laryngologist's standpoint. Arch. Otolaryngol., 1925, v. 1, June, pp. 617-623. 4 Caro, M. R. Pemphigus: treatment with sulfanilamide. A preliminary report. Arch. Dermat and Syph., 1938, v. 37, Feb., pp. 196-197.
SCLEROTOMY SCISSORS FOR EN LARGING CORNEAL INCISIONS*f CONRAD BERENS,
New
M.D.
York
These scissors were constructed be cause of the need of a pair of strong scissors with long curved blades with which to make sections in the corneoscleral junction. The usual procedure is to make this incision with a Stevens scis sors, but this has been found to be awk ward.
scissors may suffice by directing the han dle downward when cutting to the right and holding the handle upward when cutting to the left. Use of the scissors. The scissors have been found particularly useful in enlarg ing cataract sections and for opening iridosclerectomy and iridocorneosclerectomy wounds for glaucoma when the wound has ceased to filter. The scissors are also useful in completing the circumcorneal conjunctival incision in enucleation of the eyeball and in performing other opera tions on the conjunctiva. 35 East Seventieth Street. A CHART FOR TESTING VISUAL ACUITY AND ASTIGMATISM*
Fig. 1 (Berens). Sclerotomy scissors for enlarging corneal incisions.
CONRAD BERENS, New York
Description. These scissors (fig. 1) have spring shafts, 90 mm. in length, at one end of which are curved blades. At the other end is a screw joining the two ends of the spring. The blades, which are 11 mm. in length, are slightly curved. The upper and lower blades are blunt and the lower blade ends in a probe point. These scissors are made in two models: one for incisions to the right and one for incisions toward the left. However, one
S. JUDD BEACH,
M.D.
AND
* Made by V. Mueller and Company, Chi cago, Illinois. f Aided by a grant from the Ophthalmological Foundation, Inc.
M.D.
Portland, Maine
This test chart is an attempt to com bine the several different functions for which such charts are used. It furnishes a test of the visual acuity, adapted to young and old patients, with the different mentalities. It also furnishes a means for estimating the refraction, giving informa tion of more than usual accuracy with re gard to the amount and axis of the as tigmatism. * Aided by a grant from the Ophthalmological Foundation, Inc.
305
NOTES, CASES, INSTRUMENTS T h e special features that this chart (fig. 1) possesses are that ( 1 ) visual acuity may be accurately tested in children and in illiterate patients by the use of the E test, ( 2 ) for other patients and to ver ify the E test, the international broken ring may be used, ( 3 ) the ZN's and crosses** are useful for determining the astigmatism, and ( 4 ) usual test letters are also furnished to test both visual acuity and refraction in the conventional way. T h e numbers at the side of the c h a r t parallel with each line of figures con serve the examiner's time in designating the line to be read. 35 East Seventieth Street. 704 Congress Street. ** Beach, S. J., The selection of test type for refraction Trans. Sect. Ophth., Amer. Med. Assoc, 1927. A N E W PRISM CONRAD B E R E N S ,
BAR*f M.D.
F o r several years we have been using racks of glass prisms** numbered from l 4 to 50A for performing the screen test to measure heterophoria or heterotropia rapidly in prism diopters. They have also been used for giving prism converging, diverging, and supraverging exercises. Although these racks save much time they have a number of disadvantages. T h e cost is prohibitive and the prisms are easily chipped and scratched. F u r t h e r m o r e , the glass prism racks are heavy and cumber some to use. Therefore, for the past few years we have experimented with various * Aided by a grant from the Ophthalmological Foundation, Inc. t Constructed by R. O. Gulden, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ** Berens, C. Present ophthalmologic stand ards for commercial aviation in the United States. Jour. Aviation Med., 1932, v. 3, June, p. 55.
1
2
F LI 3T C 3 4 D ZNO m 5 B NZ o E 6
H
ZN
O
111
7 8 A
10
B
F
O
V
NZ
O
ZN
O
O
PI
&
E
Dr. Conrad Berens' Test Cbart With Dr. S. JwM Bench's Characters lor Aatigmatbm
Fig. 1 (Berens and Beach). A chart for testing visual acuity and astigmatism.
NOTES, CASES, I N S T R U M E N T S REFERENCES
'Duke-Elder, W. S. Text-book of ophthalmology. Saint Louis, The C. V. Mosby Company, 1938, v. 2, pp. 1728-1733. 2 Welsh, A. L. Specificity of a streptococcus isolated from patients with pemphigus ; preliminary report. Arch. Dermat. and Syph., 1934, v. 30, Nov., pp. 611-630. 3 New, G. B., and O'Leary, P. A. Pemphigus from the laryngologist's standpoint. Arch. Otolaryngol., 1925, v. 1, June, pp. 617-623. 4 Caro, M. R. Pemphigus: treatment with sulfanilamide. A preliminary report. Arch. Dermat and Syph., 1938, v. 37, Feb., pp. 196-197.
SCLEROTOMY SCISSORS FOR EN LARGING CORNEAL INCISIONS*f CONRAD BERENS,
New
M.D.
York
These scissors were constructed be cause of the need of a pair of strong scissors with long curved blades with which to make sections in the corneoscleral junction. The usual procedure is to make this incision with a Stevens scis sors, but this has been found to be awk ward.
scissors may suffice by directing the han dle downward when cutting to the right and holding the handle upward when cutting to the left. Use of the scissors. The scissors have been found particularly useful in enlarg ing cataract sections and for opening iridosclerectomy and iridocorneosclerectomy wounds for glaucoma when the wound has ceased to filter. The scissors are also useful in completing the circumcorneal conjunctival incision in enucleation of the eyeball and in performing other opera tions on the conjunctiva. 35 East Seventieth Street. A CHART FOR TESTING VISUAL ACUITY AND ASTIGMATISM*
Fig. 1 (Berens). Sclerotomy scissors for enlarging corneal incisions.
CONRAD BERENS, New York
Description. These scissors (fig. 1) have spring shafts, 90 mm. in length, at one end of which are curved blades. At the other end is a screw joining the two ends of the spring. The blades, which are 11 mm. in length, are slightly curved. The upper and lower blades are blunt and the lower blade ends in a probe point. These scissors are made in two models: one for incisions to the right and one for incisions toward the left. However, one
S. JUDD BEACH,
M.D.
AND
* Made by V. Mueller and Company, Chi cago, Illinois. f Aided by a grant from the Ophthalmological Foundation, Inc.
M.D.
Portland, Maine
This test chart is an attempt to com bine the several different functions for which such charts are used. It furnishes a test of the visual acuity, adapted to young and old patients, with the different mentalities. It also furnishes a means for estimating the refraction, giving informa tion of more than usual accuracy with re gard to the amount and axis of the as tigmatism. * Aided by a grant from the Ophthalmological Foundation, Inc.
305
NOTES, CASES, INSTRUMENTS T h e special features that this chart (fig. 1) possesses are that ( 1 ) visual acuity may be accurately tested in children and in illiterate patients by the use of the E test, ( 2 ) for other patients and to ver ify the E test, the international broken ring may be used, ( 3 ) the ZN's and crosses** are useful for determining the astigmatism, and ( 4 ) usual test letters are also furnished to test both visual acuity and refraction in the conventional way. T h e numbers at the side of the c h a r t parallel with each line of figures con serve the examiner's time in designating the line to be read. 35 East Seventieth Street. 704 Congress Street. ** Beach, S. J., The selection of test type for refraction Trans. Sect. Ophth., Amer. Med. Assoc, 1927. A N E W PRISM CONRAD B E R E N S ,
BAR*f M.D.
F o r several years we have been using racks of glass prisms** numbered from l 4 to 50A for performing the screen test to measure heterophoria or heterotropia rapidly in prism diopters. They have also been used for giving prism converging, diverging, and supraverging exercises. Although these racks save much time they have a number of disadvantages. T h e cost is prohibitive and the prisms are easily chipped and scratched. F u r t h e r m o r e , the glass prism racks are heavy and cumber some to use. Therefore, for the past few years we have experimented with various * Aided by a grant from the Ophthalmological Foundation, Inc. t Constructed by R. O. Gulden, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ** Berens, C. Present ophthalmologic stand ards for commercial aviation in the United States. Jour. Aviation Med., 1932, v. 3, June, p. 55.
1
2
F LI 3T C 3 4 D ZNO m 5 B NZ o E 6
H
ZN
O
111
7 8 A
10
B
F
O
V
NZ
O
ZN
O
O
PI
&
E
Dr. Conrad Berens' Test Cbart With Dr. S. JwM Bench's Characters lor Aatigmatbm
Fig. 1 (Berens and Beach). A chart for testing visual acuity and astigmatism.