- Email: [email protected]
A comparison of fruit with biscuit on satiety
S. Higgs, R. Havermans / Appetite 57 (2011) 535–552
545
No appetite or food intake functionality of FabulessTM (OlibraTM ) in processed food products H.J. SMIT 1,∗ , E. KEENAN 1 , E.M.R. KOVACS 3 , S.A. WISEMAND 4 , H.P.F. PETERS 4 , D.J. MELA 4 , P.J. ROGERS 2 1 Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK 2 Experimental Psychology, University Of Bristol, Bristol, UK 3 Unilever North America, Englewood Cliffs NJ, USA 4 Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands E-mail address: [email protected] (H.J. Smit).
Regular consumption of a cereal breakfast is related to improved mood and body-image satisfaction, and may contribute to changes in daily nutrient intake in adult non-obese women P. LATTIMORE 1,∗ , J. WALTON 2 , S. BARTLETT 1 , A. HACKETT 1 , L. STEVENSON 1 1 Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK 2 Kellogg’s Co. Ltd., UK E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Lattimore).
FabulessTM (previously OlibraTM or ReducalTM ) is a structured oil emulsion marketed as a food ingredient for appetite reduction. However, results in published trials using designs similar to those described here have been mixed, whilst food processing (e.g., heat and shear) may adversely affect the efficacy of FabulessTM . In the first of 3 studies (N = 24/study, age 18–54 y; mean BMI 22.9 kg/m2 ) subjects consumed for breakfast a yoghurt-based meal replacement drink, processed (homogenised + pasteurization 92 ◦ C/5 min) or unprocessed with 5 g of fat from FabulessTM or milk fat + corn oil (Control), followed by self-reported appetite ratings and ad libitum lunch and evening meals. Appetite ratings did not differ between treatments, and only unprocessed FabulessTM affected energy intake, and only at the evening meal. A second study used FabulessTM doses similar to commercial products (3.2 and 2 g of fat) in more mildly processed (lower shear homogenisation + pasteurization 90 ◦ C) 100 ml mini-drinks. There were no effects of FabulessTM vs Control (milk fat) on appetite or food intake measures. A final study repeating the 3.2 g dose in a mini-drink, adding FabulessTM with minimal processing also showed no differences from Control. Overall, we observed no effects of FabulessTM on self-reported appetite, and effects on food intake, if any, were clearly absent with even mild food processing. Product claims for FabulessTM and other putative functional food ingredients require evidence of substantiation following relevant product processing and storage conditions. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.032
Breakfast has psychological and nutritional benefits due to physiological and/or cognitive mechanisms. Beliefs people hold about the benefits of breakfast may determine psychological reactions to consumption. The objectives were to: (1) test the effect of consuming isocaloric breakfasts, which appeared to be different in calorie content, on appetite, mood and body-image satisfaction; (2) assess whether change in daily dietary intake occurred. One hundred and twenty-three women [M ± SEM age: 29 ± 0.6 y; BMI (kg/m2): 24 ± 0.3] were randomly assigned to a cereal (392 kcal; n = 59) or muffin (400 kcal; n = 64) breakfast that “appeared” different in calorie content while unaware they were isocaloric. Mood, eating attitudes, body shape concern, and Food Frequency questionnaires were completed before and after the seven-day intervention. Participants estimated calories of breakfast, appetite, mood, body-image satisfaction. Cereal breakfast was perceived to be lower in calories, made participants fuller, happier, relaxed, and more satisfied about weight and body compared to the muffin breakfast (Ps < 0.001). Changes in estimated macro and micronutrients, and percentage contribution of core foods to daily energy intake (Ps < 0.05) were compatible with the design. Breakfasts were isocaloric yet the cereal breakfast was rated lower in calories and produced more positive psychological reactions. This evidence indicates the power of perceptions of foods to influence important attributes of health and well-being which could be valuable in dietary interventions where mood and body image satisfaction affect outcome. Supported by Kellogg’s UK. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.034
A comparison of fruit with biscuit on satiety R. MCGILL ∗ , K.M. APPLETON School of Psychology, Queen’s University, Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5BP, UK E-mail address: [email protected] (R. McGill). The benefits of fruit are widely documented. Previous research has highlighted that fruit may be perceived to be not ‘as filling’ as other snack foods. This study aimed to compare perceived hunger, fullness and desire to eat and subsequent consumption after fruit or biscuit preloads. 31 participants took part in the study. Participants consumed a preload of apple, dried apricot, biscuit or no preload at 11:25. All preloads were the same weight by giving water alongside the biscuit and the dried apricot conditions. Participants had the ad-libitum pasta and cheese lunch at 12:00. Hunger, fullness and desire to eat were measured by visual analogue scales at 11:25, 11:30, 11:45, 12:00 and 12:30. There was a significant difference in hunger, fullness and desire to eat ratings between all three preload conditions and the no preload condition (least significant difference was t = 2.056, df = 20, p = 0.049). There was no difference in any of the ratings at any time point between any of the three snacks consumed (most significant difference was t = −1.904, df = 30, p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in kcal intake at lunch between any of the conditions (F = (3,90) = 0.711; p = 0.548). There was no difference in the satiating power of biscuit, apple and apricot. None of the preloads affected subsequent intake. Fruit is a viable snack alternative to alleviate short-term hunger. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.033
545
No appetite or food intake functionality of FabulessTM (OlibraTM ) in processed food products H.J. SMIT 1,∗ , E. KEENAN 1 , E.M.R. KOVACS 3 , S.A. WISEMAND 4 , H.P.F. PETERS 4 , D.J. MELA 4 , P.J. ROGERS 2 1 Functional Food Centre, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK 2 Experimental Psychology, University Of Bristol, Bristol, UK 3 Unilever North America, Englewood Cliffs NJ, USA 4 Unilever R&D, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands E-mail address: [email protected] (H.J. Smit).
Regular consumption of a cereal breakfast is related to improved mood and body-image satisfaction, and may contribute to changes in daily nutrient intake in adult non-obese women P. LATTIMORE 1,∗ , J. WALTON 2 , S. BARTLETT 1 , A. HACKETT 1 , L. STEVENSON 1 1 Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK 2 Kellogg’s Co. Ltd., UK E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Lattimore).
FabulessTM (previously OlibraTM or ReducalTM ) is a structured oil emulsion marketed as a food ingredient for appetite reduction. However, results in published trials using designs similar to those described here have been mixed, whilst food processing (e.g., heat and shear) may adversely affect the efficacy of FabulessTM . In the first of 3 studies (N = 24/study, age 18–54 y; mean BMI 22.9 kg/m2 ) subjects consumed for breakfast a yoghurt-based meal replacement drink, processed (homogenised + pasteurization 92 ◦ C/5 min) or unprocessed with 5 g of fat from FabulessTM or milk fat + corn oil (Control), followed by self-reported appetite ratings and ad libitum lunch and evening meals. Appetite ratings did not differ between treatments, and only unprocessed FabulessTM affected energy intake, and only at the evening meal. A second study used FabulessTM doses similar to commercial products (3.2 and 2 g of fat) in more mildly processed (lower shear homogenisation + pasteurization 90 ◦ C) 100 ml mini-drinks. There were no effects of FabulessTM vs Control (milk fat) on appetite or food intake measures. A final study repeating the 3.2 g dose in a mini-drink, adding FabulessTM with minimal processing also showed no differences from Control. Overall, we observed no effects of FabulessTM on self-reported appetite, and effects on food intake, if any, were clearly absent with even mild food processing. Product claims for FabulessTM and other putative functional food ingredients require evidence of substantiation following relevant product processing and storage conditions. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.032
Breakfast has psychological and nutritional benefits due to physiological and/or cognitive mechanisms. Beliefs people hold about the benefits of breakfast may determine psychological reactions to consumption. The objectives were to: (1) test the effect of consuming isocaloric breakfasts, which appeared to be different in calorie content, on appetite, mood and body-image satisfaction; (2) assess whether change in daily dietary intake occurred. One hundred and twenty-three women [M ± SEM age: 29 ± 0.6 y; BMI (kg/m2): 24 ± 0.3] were randomly assigned to a cereal (392 kcal; n = 59) or muffin (400 kcal; n = 64) breakfast that “appeared” different in calorie content while unaware they were isocaloric. Mood, eating attitudes, body shape concern, and Food Frequency questionnaires were completed before and after the seven-day intervention. Participants estimated calories of breakfast, appetite, mood, body-image satisfaction. Cereal breakfast was perceived to be lower in calories, made participants fuller, happier, relaxed, and more satisfied about weight and body compared to the muffin breakfast (Ps < 0.001). Changes in estimated macro and micronutrients, and percentage contribution of core foods to daily energy intake (Ps < 0.05) were compatible with the design. Breakfasts were isocaloric yet the cereal breakfast was rated lower in calories and produced more positive psychological reactions. This evidence indicates the power of perceptions of foods to influence important attributes of health and well-being which could be valuable in dietary interventions where mood and body image satisfaction affect outcome. Supported by Kellogg’s UK. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.034
A comparison of fruit with biscuit on satiety R. MCGILL ∗ , K.M. APPLETON School of Psychology, Queen’s University, Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5BP, UK E-mail address: [email protected] (R. McGill). The benefits of fruit are widely documented. Previous research has highlighted that fruit may be perceived to be not ‘as filling’ as other snack foods. This study aimed to compare perceived hunger, fullness and desire to eat and subsequent consumption after fruit or biscuit preloads. 31 participants took part in the study. Participants consumed a preload of apple, dried apricot, biscuit or no preload at 11:25. All preloads were the same weight by giving water alongside the biscuit and the dried apricot conditions. Participants had the ad-libitum pasta and cheese lunch at 12:00. Hunger, fullness and desire to eat were measured by visual analogue scales at 11:25, 11:30, 11:45, 12:00 and 12:30. There was a significant difference in hunger, fullness and desire to eat ratings between all three preload conditions and the no preload condition (least significant difference was t = 2.056, df = 20, p = 0.049). There was no difference in any of the ratings at any time point between any of the three snacks consumed (most significant difference was t = −1.904, df = 30, p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in kcal intake at lunch between any of the conditions (F = (3,90) = 0.711; p = 0.548). There was no difference in the satiating power of biscuit, apple and apricot. None of the preloads affected subsequent intake. Fruit is a viable snack alternative to alleviate short-term hunger. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.05.033