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A decade bibliometric analysis of global research on leishmaniasis in Web of Science database
Accepted Manuscript A decade bibliometric analysis of global research on leishmaniasis in Web of Science database Masoud Soosaraei, Ali Akbar Khasseh, Mahdi Fakhar, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi PII:
S2049-0801(18)30005-0
DOI:
10.1016/j.amsu.2017.12.014
Reference:
AMSU 1061
To appear in:
Annals of Medicine and Surgery
Received Date: 21 July 2017 Revised Date:
22 November 2017
Accepted Date: 29 December 2017
Please cite this article as: Soosaraei M, Khasseh AA, Fakhar M, Hezarjaribi HZ, A decade bibliometric analysis of global research on leishmaniasis in Web of Science database, Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2018), doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.12.014. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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A decade bibliometric analysis of global research on leishmaniasis in Web of Science database Masoud Soosaraei1, Ali Akbar Khasseh2, Mahdi Fakhar*3, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi3
Sciences, Sari, Iran
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1. Student Research Committee, Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical
2. Department of Konwledge and Information Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding author: M.Fakhar
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University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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3. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran
Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971,
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Sari, Iran. Tel/fax: +98 1133543248; E-mail address: [email protected]
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract
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Background: Leishmaniasis is an extremely relevant tropical disease, with global
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distribution. It still remains a main public health concern in low-income countries, and it is
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necessary to support more research on this common disease. Thus, a bibliometric analysis of
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the global scientific production on leishmaniasis was carried out.
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Methods: All the articles registered in Web of Science with the subject of leishmaniasis
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between 2006 and 2015 were analysed, using Pajek and VOS viewer as tools.
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Results: 13,658 records in the field of leishmaniasis were indexed in the Web of Science
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database for this ten-year study period (2006-2015). This shows that studies on leishmaniasis
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have been growing, from 1,071 in 2006 to 1,537 in 2015. “Sundar S” is the most active
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researcher in the field of leishmaniasis, compiling and participating in 232 Articles. Brazil
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ranks first in scientific production, by performing 3,315 studies on leishmaniasis. The United
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States, United Kingdom and Australia had the most collaboration in performing the studies of
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leishmaniasis with each other. In addition, PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
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published the most articles, with 483.
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Conclusion: Our data shows an increase in the number of publications in the field of
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leishmaniasis. In addition, Brazil, USA, and India lead scientific production on leishmaniasis
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research.
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Keywords: Leishmania, Bibliometric, Network analysis, International collaboration, Web of
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Science
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Introduction
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Leishmania parasites are obligate intracellular protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, a neglected
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tropical disease responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality in the developing world.
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Leishmaniasis is endemic in tropical America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent and sub-
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tropical areas of Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean region [1]. It represents a group of
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diseases with very diverse health consequences (from disfiguring lesions spontaneously
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remitting in a small number of people to severe epidemics with high mortality rates) [2, 3].
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The global incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is estimated 50, 000 to 90, 000 new cases
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each year. Currently, more than 90% of new cases occurred in seven countries: Brazil,
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Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. While, the global incidence of
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cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is estimated 0.6 million to 1 million new cases annually. About
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95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and
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Central Asia. Actually, about 70% of new CL cases occur in 6 countries: Afghanistan,
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Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran
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leishmaniasis (MCL) cases occur in Bolivia , Brazil, Ethiopia and Peru[4]. These estimates
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also include those that are not considered in many endemic countries due to the lack of
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reporting of many new cases of disease (in rural areas) or the unwillingness to report these
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cases [5, 6]. VL creates large-scale epidemics and the number of patients per year varies
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greatly. During 1991, large outbreaks occurred in India. The number of patients in India
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alone amounted to about 250,000 people. Because the fatality rate in diagnosed and treated
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cases was between 5-10% (in Sudan up to 14%), and in untreated cases 100%, it is estimated
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that about 75,000 people were killed by VL in 1991 [7]. Infection with CL is less severe, but
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still causes great physical discomfort, and also affects the psychological and social aspect of
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day-to-day life [6]. For over 70 years, antimonials were used to treat the leishmaniasis [1].
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and the Syrian. Moreover, Over 90% of mucocutaneous
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT The drug most commonly used in single regimen treatment was sodium stilbogluconate
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(SSG, 56.9%), followed by meglumine antimoniate (glucantime, 20.4%) [8].
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Bibliometric studies encompass a wide range of scientific and research communities, and are
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featured in many journals of different fields. Nowadays, a high volume of bibliometric
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studies are carried out, in an attempt to analyse the process of collaboration between
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researchers and medical professionals. Due to the outbreak of a group of infectious diseases,
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which are particularly endemic in poor populations living in tropical and subtropical
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countries, there are specific journals now available for getting this research published in the
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literature [9]. A number of international bibliometric studies exist in various medical fields,
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including tropical medicine [10-16]. Several publications have analysed the research
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production for other neglected tropical diseases, such as leprosy [17- 20] schistosomiasis [17,
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21] and Chagas disease [17, 22].
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Given how important research on Leishmania is to global health, it is necessary to create a
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comprehensive view of the status of research in this area, and a clear picture of the
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production process and scientific exchanges in the field. This will also aid in any planning
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and policy-making. Obviously, the improvement of the scientific situation in the field of
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leishmaniasis over time will lead to progress in preventing, treating and reducing mortality.
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Thus, the aim of the present study was bibliometric analysis of the global scientific
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production, and determining the top researchers in the field and their geographic distribution.
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Methods
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This research was conducted using scientometric techniques. In scientometrics, selection of
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preliminary research data is of utmost importance, as these data have a direct impact on the
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findings and results. The research analysed included all articles registered with the subject of
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Leishmania between 2006 and 2015 in Web of Science. The following search strategy was
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used:
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TOPIC: ("leishmania*")
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Refined by: DOCUMENT TYPES: (ARTICLE OR REVIEW OR PROCEEDINGS PAPER)
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Timespan: 2006-2015.
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Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, ESCI.
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The use of “[…]” in the above strategy means all kinds of derivatives of the Leishmania
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search term, such as leishmaniasis, Leishmania spp, leishmaniosis, etc. are also assessed and
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the records retrieved. Guided by the above approach, 13658 records were identified and
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studied. The search strategy was done on 21st August 2016. After retrieving the records
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related to the field of Leishmania and integrating data files, Pajek 4.10 and VOS viewer 1.6.4
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were used for data analysis.
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Results
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Quantification of Leishmania studies
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Based on the search strategy used in this study, the findings showed that 13658 records were
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indexed in the field of Leishmania in the Web of Science database over a period of ten years
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(2006-2015). As shown in Figure 1, the findings indicate that over the past ten years, there
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has been a relative growth of studies on Leishmania, so that the number of researches rose
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from 1,071 in 2006 to 1,537 in 2015. Studies on Iranian researchers in the field of
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Leishmania indicate that within this period, 725 articles have been registered by international
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researchers, with the highest number in 2013 (115 items) and the lowest in 2006 (27 items)
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The article titled “Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence” published
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in 2012 in the journal PLOS ONE is considered the most highly cited in Web of Science.
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Most studies conducted are in the field of vaccination of leishmaniasis and its treatment,
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indicating the importance of prevention, treatment and vaccination against this disease. Full
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characteristics of the most cited studies on Leishmania are presented in Table 1, divided into
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Iran and the world.
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Preliminary analysis of the data shows that a total of 38,789 researchers have played a role in
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the publication of 13658 articles, amongst which “Shyam Sundar” is considered the most
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active researcher in the field, by contributing to 232 of these articles globally. “Pradeep Das
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“is in second place, with 144 articles. These and other relevant researchers are presented in
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Table 2. Two Iranian researchers, named “Mahdi Mohebali” and “Ali Khamesipour”,
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contributed to 98 and 85 articles in the field, ranking fifth and eighth in the world,
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respectively.
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Measuring the productivity of a researcher is not necessarily a measure of their impact; the
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ideas presented in these studies should be read by others and accumulate citations. Therefore,
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the impact of a researcher is not only affected by the number of published works, but more
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importantly, also by the amount of use and citation by others. For this reason, one of the
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important dimensions in the discussion of the impact of researchers is the attraction of the
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ideas of a researcher by other researchers in that area. Accordingly, if research is influential,
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it is necessary to use and cite in other research; and the extent to which these references are
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made may influence the work of a researcher. The H-index is among the commonest criteria
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used for identifying effective researchers in a subject area. It is designed to indicate the
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cumulative effect of research output, and considers the number of article downloads and the
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number of citations simultaneously.
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As shown in Table 3, “Sundar S” with an H-index of 38 ranks highest amongst all
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Leishmania researchers. H-index of 38 means that 38 articles among 232 articles of “Sundra
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT S” have received at least 38 citations. “Dujardin J C “and “Boelaert M”, with an H-index of
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32 and 29, respectively, are ranked second and third.
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Geographical distribution of Leishmania studies
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The results show that Brazil is ranked first in research output, with 3,315 studies on
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Leishmania. Between 2006 and 2015, the researchers from this country shared over 24
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percent of the studies that were indexed. The top ten countries in terms of research output in
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the field of Leishmania are shown in Figure 2. Noteworthy is the absence of the United States
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as the top country, Iran's presence among the leading countries (ranking eighth), and India
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ranking third.
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As it is clear from Figure 2, in terms of geographical distribution, that European countries are
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more active regarding the studies of Leishmania, and that India and Iran lead the research in
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Asia. The continents of North America and South America also have a representative
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amongst them. Africa may not have any representation amongst active countries due to
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economic problems and lack of properly equipped facilities. One of the reasons Brazil has a
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high research output is because cutaneous, muco-cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis
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diseases is more common there. The researchers of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil,
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participated in the compilation of 1,207 articles (8.84%).
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The top ten global organizations are mentioned in Table 4. We have also displayed the
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participation of Iranian cities with other global cities in Figure 3.
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As it can be seen in Figure 4, in the thick network of links among each of the countries
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indicate the amount and intensity of their international collaboration. For example, the
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thickness of the relationship among the United States and two of the United Kingdom and
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Australia is more than other countries indicating that the researchers of United States with
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researchers from two countries have the most collaboration in performing the studies of
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Leishmania with each other. Generally, as it can be seen in the following map, many
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researchers in many countries in line with studying the studies of Leishmania with their
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counterparts in the United States have had the international collaboration.
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Analysis of publications on Leishmania by journal
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The findings showed that studies on Leishmania had been published in 1670 different
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journals over the ten years that were analysed (2006-2015). PLOS NEGLECTED
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TROPICAL DISEASES published 483 articles, and PLOS ONE and EXPERIMENTAL
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PARASITOLOGY published 329 and 385 articles, respectively.
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Map of Leishmania research by frequency of the title words
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Analysis of Leishmania research based on the frequency of the words used in the title of the
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articles can achieve a general and conceptual image of the content of these studies.
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Accordingly, our findings show that the most Leishmania research has been focused on
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therapy, and to a lesser extent on diagnostic methods in all regions of the world. Findings
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related to this aspect of the bibliometric analysis are presented in Table 5 and Figures 6 and 7,
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divided into studies carried out globally, or Iranian studies.
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Analysis of keywords using the Word Cloud tool
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After all relevant keywords were extracted from the articles; they were entered into the Word
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Cloud tool. As an example, the keywords Leishmania and leishmaniasis appear bigger than
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other words, indicating that they have been mentioned most frequently (Figures 8 and 9).
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Discussion
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The purpose of this research was to perform a bibliometric analysis using scientometric
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techniques, of ten years of research output in the field of Leishmania. Given how important
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research on Leishmania is to global health, it is necessary to create a comprehensive view of
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT the status of research in this area, and a clear picture of the production process and scientific
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exchanges in the field. This will also aid in any planning and policy-making.
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Undoubtedly, the universities play an important role in scientific production and acceleration
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of progress in every country. In recent years, there has been great interest in the use of
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bibliographic information for the evaluation of research activities. Evaluation of research
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activities is considered one of the best means to determine the performance standards of
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scientific research centers [23]. The use of scientometric techniques for these bibliometric
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analyses is steadily rising [24, 25].
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In the present study, Iranian scientific research in the field of Leishmania was appropriately explored
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within the ten-year period (2006-2015), which showed that 13,658 records were recorded in the
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Leishmania field on the Web of Science database [20]. Given the endemic region of the Middle
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East in terms of leishmaniasis, Iran has carried out a lot of research in the field of
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leishmaniasis in the interest of other countries in the Middle East, where lack of suitable
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research facilities due to civil wars and political conflicts makes this impossible.
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Furthermore, we have received adequate insight into the status of Iranian researchers in
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cooperation with their counterparts around the world the Leishmania area, it will be
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beneficial if you also draw full network of collaboration among different countries together.
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The view associated with this network which is related to the top twenty countries in the field
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of Leishmania and it is drawn using the software of Net Draw. This view reflects the
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activities and international partnerships of the active researchers in the field of the studies of
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Leishmania.
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Brazil was the leading country in publication output on leishmaniasis, unlike previous years
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where USA was a pioneer in the field [10-12]. There are more cases of leishmaniasis reported
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in South America, and Brazil’s scientific system has been making progress, becoming the
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principal scientific power for South America [26].
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Among the interesting points available in the network of international collaboration in the
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studies of Leishmania is related to Brazil; as it was mentioned earlier, the researchers in
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Brazil have the largest scientific production in the field of Leishmania in the last decade, but
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with a review at the following map, it is revealed that the researchers of this country
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compared to the researchers from a number of countries including the United States have
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done so much collaboration with their counterparts in other countries and they have more
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intend to do the studies of Leishmania in the country. The relationship between people and
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different countries and exchange of technology can be of great importance to the fight and
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prevention of the disease.
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India and Iran, countries with a high prevalence of leishmaniasis, [27-30], were ranked third
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and eighth in scientific output, respectively, and are leading scientific production on
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leishmaniasis in Asia.
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Gonzalez-Alcaide et al. (2013) in a study concerning worldwide scientific production on
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leishmaniasis between 1945 and 2010 demonstrated that 735 authors contribute in 154 top
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research clusters. Brazil led the pack in their research, with various Brazilian researchers
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heading different clusters in the focal point of the collaboration network. They believed that
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leishmaniasis research should be promoted in poor countries such as Sudan, Bangladesh, and
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Nepal where there is annually a high morbidity and mortality rate of CL and VL forms of the
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disease, however limited research progress with reference authors incorporated into the
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collaboration networks [31].
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Additionally, Ramos et al. (2013) appeared among leishmaniasis records, which published in
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1,846 scientific journals, “Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and
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Hygiene” was the main one. The USA, Brazil, and India were the most important countries
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT by considering the first author’s affiliation address, respectively; however, Brazil drives the
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logical scientific yield throughout 2001 to 2010 period [32].
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Moreover, Huamani et al. (2014) and Perilla-Gonzalez et al. (2014) expressed that South
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American is core of the major logical scientific network in leishmaniasis and also scientific
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production on leishmaniasis have published in journals indexed in SCOPUS with emphasis
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on Brazilian research activity. Thus, it is important to reinforce the collaboration networks.
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[33,34]
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Overall, the investigation of scientific co authorship through social network analysis takes
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into account a more exact examination of the cooperation structures inside an order or area of
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knowledge than studies in view of bibliometric markers alone. All such investigations report
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an expansion in both scientific productions on leishmaniasis and collaboration among
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institutions and countries. In any case, the collaboration among authors and the formation of
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research groups in the field have been less noted and assessed.
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Our findings have shown that in total, 38,789 researchers had a role in creating 13658
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articles, among which Shyam Sundar was considered the most active researcher in the field
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of Leishmania, by compiling and participating in the production of 232. His articles are cited
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6212 times, and his H-index of 38 is a suitable number for leading researchers in the field. It
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is shown in this study that Brazil and India are two leading countries in scientific production
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on leishmaniasis, the reason being that it is endemic in these areas.
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Conclusions
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We studied and evaluated the global scientific production in the field of Leishmania,
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analysing records indexed in Web of Science and determining the current top researchers,
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mapping their geographical distribution and mapping the journals publishing the research. It
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT is hoped that with more and better cooperation amongst different countries, we can take an
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effective step in producing a vaccine for leishmaniasis.
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Competing interests
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No competing interests were disclosed.
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Grant information
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The authors declare that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
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Almeida EAd, Ramos Junior AN, Correia D, Shikanai Yasuda MA. Rede Brasileira
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Organization WH. Control of the leishmaniases. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser.
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Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M,
Sundar S, Sinha PK, Verma DK, Kumar N, Alam S, Pandey K, Kumari P, Ravidas V,
Das VNR, Siddiqui NA, Verma RB, Topno RK, Singh D, Das S, Ranjan A, Pandey
13
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[31]
Gonzalez-Alcaide G, Huamani C, Park J, Ramos JM. Evolution of coauthorship
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networks: worldwide scientific production on leishmaniasis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2013;
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46(6):719-727.
328
[32]
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leishmaniasis research in Medline (1945-2010). Parasit &Vec. 2013;6(1):1.
330
[33]
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Cabezas C. South American collaboration in scientific publications on leishmaniasis:
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Bibliometric analysis in SCOPUS (2000-2011). Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2014;
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56(5):381-390.
334
[34]
335
Baquero-Rodriguez JD, Lopez-Isaza AF, Lagos-Grisales GJ, Villegas S, Rodriguez-Morales
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AJ. Study of the scientific production on leishmaniasis in Latin America. Recent patents on
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anti-infect drug disc. 2014; 9(3):216-222.
Ramos JM, González-Alcaide G, Bolaños-Pizarro M. Bibliometric analysis of
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Huamaní C, Romaní F, González-Alcaide G, Mejia MO, Ramos JM, Espinoza M,
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Table 1: Most cited global research in the field of Leishmania. Title
Principal authors
Publication
Country
Institutional affiliation
Journal
year
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den
2012
Switzerland
Leishmaniasis worldwide
Department for the Control
PloS one
913
of Neglected Tropical
and global estimates of
Diseases
its incidence.
Boer M.
of
citations
(HTM/NTD/IDM),
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1
No.
Leishmaniasis Control
Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Luca PM, Lindsay RW, Davey DF, Flynn BJ, Hoff ST, Andersen P, Reed SG, Morris SL, Roederer M, Seder RA.
2007
USA
Multifunctional TH1
Section, Vaccine Research
cells define a correlate of
Leishmania major.
Nature medicine
748
Nature Reviews Immunolo gy
708
Nature
700
Clinical microbiol ogy reviews
666
Center, National Institute
vaccine-mediated protection against
Cellular Immunology
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Darrah PA, Patel DT, De
of Allergy and Infectious
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Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Roederer, M.
and protection:
Collison LW, Workman
USA
Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research
implications for vaccine
Center, National Institute
design.
of Allergy and Infectious
The inhibitory cytokine
Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
2007
USA
Department of
CJ, Kuo TT, Boyd K, Wang
IL-35 contributes to
Immunology, St Jude
Y, Vignali KM, Cross
regulatory T-cell
Children's Research
R, Sehy D, Blumberg
function
Hospital, Memphis,
RS, Vignali DA. 5
2008
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T-cell quality in memory
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4
Seder RA, Darrah PA,
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3
Croft SL, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH.
Tennessee 38105, USA. 2006
Switzerland
Drug Drugs for Neglected
resistance in leishmaniasi
Diseases Initiative, 1 Place
s
Saint-Gervais, CH-1201 Geneva, Switzerland.
2
1
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Table 2: Most productive researchers in the field of Leishmania Author name
No. of articles
232
Sundar S
144
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Das P
120
Boelaert M
120
Kaiser M Brun R
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Dujardin JC Mohebali M
Khamesipour A
9 10 11 12
94 93 85
Gupta S
83
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85
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8
98
Dube A
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7
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6
13 14 15 16
2
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20 21
All
articles
citations
H-index
232
6212
38
2
Dujardin JC
120
3508
32
3
Boelaert M
120
3129
4
Rijal S
79
2210
5
Brun R
93
2055
6
Fairlamb AH
42
1789
23
7
Ouellette M
59
1434
23
8
Volf P
9
Wilson ME
10
Schonian G
11
Coombs GH
12
Reed SG
13 14
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Sundar S
29 26
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25
1283
23
57
1083
23
65
1617
22
53
1384
22
48
1826
21
Mottram JC
57
1751
21
Kamhawi S
42
1613
21
94
1372
21
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Kaiser M
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All
1
15 18
Author name
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17
22 23 24 25
3
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Table 4: Ten primary organizations in the field of Leishmania Organization name
All
Percent of
articles
all records
FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS LE RESEAU INTERNATIONAL DES INSTITUTS
32 33
3%
2.52%
333
2.45%
TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
321
2.35%
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
316
2.31%
273
1.99%
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31
411
COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NIH USA
30
3.49%
2.88%
SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS
29
478
394
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE
28
4.69%
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO
RESEARCH CSIR INDIA
27
641
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PASTEUR RIIP
8.8%
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO
1,207
34 35 36 37 4
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Table 5: Most frequent words used in the title of Leishmania studies in Iran and the world World Leishmania Research
Iran Leishmania Research
Rank Term
Occurrences
Term
Occurrences
1
Brazil
569
Leishmaniasis
265
2
Activity
557
Iran
213
3
Treatment
493
Effect
4
Diptera
450
Evaluation
5
Psychodidae
437
Treatment
6
Synthesis
418
Balb/c mouse
33
7
Area
325
Diagnosis
28
8
Response
315
Zoonotic cutaneous
28
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38
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53 43 40
State
312
Expression
27
10
Expression
282
Dog
21
11
Macrophage
255
Psychodidae
21
12
Cell
227
Diptera
19
13
Antileishmanial
215
Synthesis
19
209
Efficacy
18
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leishmaniasis
activity
Immune response
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14 15
Efficacy
199
Immune response
18
16
In vitro
198
Protection
17
17
Mouse
195
In vitro
16
18
Derivative
191
Balb/c
15
19
India
176
Glucantime
15
20
Resistance
166
MRHO/IR (strain)
15
39
5
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Fig 1: Quantitative growth process of the studies concerning leishmaniasis in the period of ten years.
Fig 2: 10 leading countries in the studies concerning leishmaniasis.
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Fig3: The cooperation of different scholars in Iran with other regions in the world.
Iran
Italy Colombia
Spain
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Mexico
Usa
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Argentina
India
Germany
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Switzerland
Brazil
Uk
Belgium
France
Canada
Japan
Portugal
Netherlands Australia
Turkey
Fig 4: Cooperation full network between different countries in the field of leishmaniasis.
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Fig 5: Density view of the most frequent terms used in the global studies concerning leishmaniasis.
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Fig 6: Density view of the most frequent terms used in Iranian studies concerning leishmaniasis.
Fig 7: Word cloud of global research keywords of Leishmania.
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Fig 8: Word cloud of Iranian research keywords of Leishmania.
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Highlights In this article we analysed all the articles registered in Web of Science with the subject of
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•
leishmaniasis between 2006 and 2015 •
Our study showed that studies on leishmaniasis have been growing, from 1071 in 2006 to
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1537 in 2015. “Sundar S” is the most active researcher in the field of leishmaniasis. Brazil ranks first in scientific production, by performing 3,315 studies on leishmaniasis and PLOS
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NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES published the most articles, with 483.
•
Our data shows an increase in the number of publications in the field of leishmaniasis. In
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addition, Brazil, USA, and India lead scientific production on leishmaniasis research.
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Author contribution Please specify the contribution of each author to the paper, e.g. study design, data collections, data analysis, writing. Others, who have contributed in other ways should be listed as contributors. Study concept: Mahdi Fakhar Data collection : Masoud Soosaraei, Ali Akbar Khasseh Data interpretation: Masoud Soosaraei , Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Akbar Khasseh, Hajar
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Ziaei Hezarjaribi
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Writing the paper: Masoud Soosaraei, Mahdi Fakhar
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Mahdi Fakhar
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DOI:
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Reference:
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Please cite this article as: Soosaraei M, Khasseh AA, Fakhar M, Hezarjaribi HZ, A decade bibliometric analysis of global research on leishmaniasis in Web of Science database, Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2018), doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2017.12.014. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
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A decade bibliometric analysis of global research on leishmaniasis in Web of Science database Masoud Soosaraei1, Ali Akbar Khasseh2, Mahdi Fakhar*3, Hajar Ziaei Hezarjaribi3
Sciences, Sari, Iran
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1. Student Research Committee, Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical
2. Department of Konwledge and Information Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
*Corresponding author: M.Fakhar
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University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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3. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran
Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Km 18, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971,
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Sari, Iran. Tel/fax: +98 1133543248; E-mail address: [email protected]
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Abstract
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Background: Leishmaniasis is an extremely relevant tropical disease, with global
3
distribution. It still remains a main public health concern in low-income countries, and it is
4
necessary to support more research on this common disease. Thus, a bibliometric analysis of
5
the global scientific production on leishmaniasis was carried out.
6
Methods: All the articles registered in Web of Science with the subject of leishmaniasis
7
between 2006 and 2015 were analysed, using Pajek and VOS viewer as tools.
8
Results: 13,658 records in the field of leishmaniasis were indexed in the Web of Science
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database for this ten-year study period (2006-2015). This shows that studies on leishmaniasis
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have been growing, from 1,071 in 2006 to 1,537 in 2015. “Sundar S” is the most active
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researcher in the field of leishmaniasis, compiling and participating in 232 Articles. Brazil
12
ranks first in scientific production, by performing 3,315 studies on leishmaniasis. The United
13
States, United Kingdom and Australia had the most collaboration in performing the studies of
14
leishmaniasis with each other. In addition, PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
15
published the most articles, with 483.
16
Conclusion: Our data shows an increase in the number of publications in the field of
17
leishmaniasis. In addition, Brazil, USA, and India lead scientific production on leishmaniasis
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research.
19
Keywords: Leishmania, Bibliometric, Network analysis, International collaboration, Web of
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Science
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Leishmania parasites are obligate intracellular protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, a neglected
27
tropical disease responsible for extensive morbidity and mortality in the developing world.
28
Leishmaniasis is endemic in tropical America, Africa, the Indian subcontinent and sub-
29
tropical areas of Southeast Asia and the Mediterranean region [1]. It represents a group of
30
diseases with very diverse health consequences (from disfiguring lesions spontaneously
31
remitting in a small number of people to severe epidemics with high mortality rates) [2, 3].
32
The global incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is estimated 50, 000 to 90, 000 new cases
33
each year. Currently, more than 90% of new cases occurred in seven countries: Brazil,
34
Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan. While, the global incidence of
35
cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is estimated 0.6 million to 1 million new cases annually. About
36
95% of CL cases occur in the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East and
37
Central Asia. Actually, about 70% of new CL cases occur in 6 countries: Afghanistan,
38
Algeria, Brazil, Colombia, Iran
39
leishmaniasis (MCL) cases occur in Bolivia , Brazil, Ethiopia and Peru[4]. These estimates
40
also include those that are not considered in many endemic countries due to the lack of
41
reporting of many new cases of disease (in rural areas) or the unwillingness to report these
42
cases [5, 6]. VL creates large-scale epidemics and the number of patients per year varies
43
greatly. During 1991, large outbreaks occurred in India. The number of patients in India
44
alone amounted to about 250,000 people. Because the fatality rate in diagnosed and treated
45
cases was between 5-10% (in Sudan up to 14%), and in untreated cases 100%, it is estimated
46
that about 75,000 people were killed by VL in 1991 [7]. Infection with CL is less severe, but
47
still causes great physical discomfort, and also affects the psychological and social aspect of
48
day-to-day life [6]. For over 70 years, antimonials were used to treat the leishmaniasis [1].
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and the Syrian. Moreover, Over 90% of mucocutaneous
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT The drug most commonly used in single regimen treatment was sodium stilbogluconate
50
(SSG, 56.9%), followed by meglumine antimoniate (glucantime, 20.4%) [8].
51
Bibliometric studies encompass a wide range of scientific and research communities, and are
52
featured in many journals of different fields. Nowadays, a high volume of bibliometric
53
studies are carried out, in an attempt to analyse the process of collaboration between
54
researchers and medical professionals. Due to the outbreak of a group of infectious diseases,
55
which are particularly endemic in poor populations living in tropical and subtropical
56
countries, there are specific journals now available for getting this research published in the
57
literature [9]. A number of international bibliometric studies exist in various medical fields,
58
including tropical medicine [10-16]. Several publications have analysed the research
59
production for other neglected tropical diseases, such as leprosy [17- 20] schistosomiasis [17,
60
21] and Chagas disease [17, 22].
61
Given how important research on Leishmania is to global health, it is necessary to create a
62
comprehensive view of the status of research in this area, and a clear picture of the
63
production process and scientific exchanges in the field. This will also aid in any planning
64
and policy-making. Obviously, the improvement of the scientific situation in the field of
65
leishmaniasis over time will lead to progress in preventing, treating and reducing mortality.
66
Thus, the aim of the present study was bibliometric analysis of the global scientific
67
production, and determining the top researchers in the field and their geographic distribution.
68
Methods
69
This research was conducted using scientometric techniques. In scientometrics, selection of
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preliminary research data is of utmost importance, as these data have a direct impact on the
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findings and results. The research analysed included all articles registered with the subject of
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3
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Leishmania between 2006 and 2015 in Web of Science. The following search strategy was
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used:
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TOPIC: ("leishmania*")
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Refined by: DOCUMENT TYPES: (ARTICLE OR REVIEW OR PROCEEDINGS PAPER)
76
Timespan: 2006-2015.
77
Indexes: SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, ESCI.
78
The use of “[…]” in the above strategy means all kinds of derivatives of the Leishmania
79
search term, such as leishmaniasis, Leishmania spp, leishmaniosis, etc. are also assessed and
80
the records retrieved. Guided by the above approach, 13658 records were identified and
81
studied. The search strategy was done on 21st August 2016. After retrieving the records
82
related to the field of Leishmania and integrating data files, Pajek 4.10 and VOS viewer 1.6.4
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were used for data analysis.
84
Results
85
Quantification of Leishmania studies
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Based on the search strategy used in this study, the findings showed that 13658 records were
87
indexed in the field of Leishmania in the Web of Science database over a period of ten years
88
(2006-2015). As shown in Figure 1, the findings indicate that over the past ten years, there
89
has been a relative growth of studies on Leishmania, so that the number of researches rose
90
from 1,071 in 2006 to 1,537 in 2015. Studies on Iranian researchers in the field of
91
Leishmania indicate that within this period, 725 articles have been registered by international
92
researchers, with the highest number in 2013 (115 items) and the lowest in 2006 (27 items)
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The article titled “Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence” published
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in 2012 in the journal PLOS ONE is considered the most highly cited in Web of Science.
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indicating the importance of prevention, treatment and vaccination against this disease. Full
97
characteristics of the most cited studies on Leishmania are presented in Table 1, divided into
98
Iran and the world.
99
Preliminary analysis of the data shows that a total of 38,789 researchers have played a role in
100
the publication of 13658 articles, amongst which “Shyam Sundar” is considered the most
101
active researcher in the field, by contributing to 232 of these articles globally. “Pradeep Das
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“is in second place, with 144 articles. These and other relevant researchers are presented in
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Table 2. Two Iranian researchers, named “Mahdi Mohebali” and “Ali Khamesipour”,
104
contributed to 98 and 85 articles in the field, ranking fifth and eighth in the world,
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respectively.
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Measuring the productivity of a researcher is not necessarily a measure of their impact; the
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ideas presented in these studies should be read by others and accumulate citations. Therefore,
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the impact of a researcher is not only affected by the number of published works, but more
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importantly, also by the amount of use and citation by others. For this reason, one of the
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important dimensions in the discussion of the impact of researchers is the attraction of the
111
ideas of a researcher by other researchers in that area. Accordingly, if research is influential,
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it is necessary to use and cite in other research; and the extent to which these references are
113
made may influence the work of a researcher. The H-index is among the commonest criteria
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used for identifying effective researchers in a subject area. It is designed to indicate the
115
cumulative effect of research output, and considers the number of article downloads and the
116
number of citations simultaneously.
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As shown in Table 3, “Sundar S” with an H-index of 38 ranks highest amongst all
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Leishmania researchers. H-index of 38 means that 38 articles among 232 articles of “Sundra
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32 and 29, respectively, are ranked second and third.
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Geographical distribution of Leishmania studies
122
The results show that Brazil is ranked first in research output, with 3,315 studies on
123
Leishmania. Between 2006 and 2015, the researchers from this country shared over 24
124
percent of the studies that were indexed. The top ten countries in terms of research output in
125
the field of Leishmania are shown in Figure 2. Noteworthy is the absence of the United States
126
as the top country, Iran's presence among the leading countries (ranking eighth), and India
127
ranking third.
128
As it is clear from Figure 2, in terms of geographical distribution, that European countries are
129
more active regarding the studies of Leishmania, and that India and Iran lead the research in
130
Asia. The continents of North America and South America also have a representative
131
amongst them. Africa may not have any representation amongst active countries due to
132
economic problems and lack of properly equipped facilities. One of the reasons Brazil has a
133
high research output is because cutaneous, muco-cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis
134
diseases is more common there. The researchers of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil,
135
participated in the compilation of 1,207 articles (8.84%).
136
The top ten global organizations are mentioned in Table 4. We have also displayed the
137
participation of Iranian cities with other global cities in Figure 3.
138
As it can be seen in Figure 4, in the thick network of links among each of the countries
139
indicate the amount and intensity of their international collaboration. For example, the
140
thickness of the relationship among the United States and two of the United Kingdom and
141
Australia is more than other countries indicating that the researchers of United States with
142
researchers from two countries have the most collaboration in performing the studies of
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144
researchers in many countries in line with studying the studies of Leishmania with their
145
counterparts in the United States have had the international collaboration.
146
Analysis of publications on Leishmania by journal
147
The findings showed that studies on Leishmania had been published in 1670 different
148
journals over the ten years that were analysed (2006-2015). PLOS NEGLECTED
149
TROPICAL DISEASES published 483 articles, and PLOS ONE and EXPERIMENTAL
150
PARASITOLOGY published 329 and 385 articles, respectively.
151
Map of Leishmania research by frequency of the title words
152
Analysis of Leishmania research based on the frequency of the words used in the title of the
153
articles can achieve a general and conceptual image of the content of these studies.
154
Accordingly, our findings show that the most Leishmania research has been focused on
155
therapy, and to a lesser extent on diagnostic methods in all regions of the world. Findings
156
related to this aspect of the bibliometric analysis are presented in Table 5 and Figures 6 and 7,
157
divided into studies carried out globally, or Iranian studies.
158
Analysis of keywords using the Word Cloud tool
159
After all relevant keywords were extracted from the articles; they were entered into the Word
160
Cloud tool. As an example, the keywords Leishmania and leishmaniasis appear bigger than
161
other words, indicating that they have been mentioned most frequently (Figures 8 and 9).
162
Discussion
163
The purpose of this research was to perform a bibliometric analysis using scientometric
164
techniques, of ten years of research output in the field of Leishmania. Given how important
165
research on Leishmania is to global health, it is necessary to create a comprehensive view of
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ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT the status of research in this area, and a clear picture of the production process and scientific
167
exchanges in the field. This will also aid in any planning and policy-making.
168
Undoubtedly, the universities play an important role in scientific production and acceleration
169
of progress in every country. In recent years, there has been great interest in the use of
170
bibliographic information for the evaluation of research activities. Evaluation of research
171
activities is considered one of the best means to determine the performance standards of
172
scientific research centers [23]. The use of scientometric techniques for these bibliometric
173
analyses is steadily rising [24, 25].
174
In the present study, Iranian scientific research in the field of Leishmania was appropriately explored
175
within the ten-year period (2006-2015), which showed that 13,658 records were recorded in the
176
Leishmania field on the Web of Science database [20]. Given the endemic region of the Middle
177
East in terms of leishmaniasis, Iran has carried out a lot of research in the field of
178
leishmaniasis in the interest of other countries in the Middle East, where lack of suitable
179
research facilities due to civil wars and political conflicts makes this impossible.
180
Furthermore, we have received adequate insight into the status of Iranian researchers in
181
cooperation with their counterparts around the world the Leishmania area, it will be
182
beneficial if you also draw full network of collaboration among different countries together.
183
The view associated with this network which is related to the top twenty countries in the field
184
of Leishmania and it is drawn using the software of Net Draw. This view reflects the
185
activities and international partnerships of the active researchers in the field of the studies of
186
Leishmania.
187
Brazil was the leading country in publication output on leishmaniasis, unlike previous years
188
where USA was a pioneer in the field [10-12]. There are more cases of leishmaniasis reported
189
in South America, and Brazil’s scientific system has been making progress, becoming the
190
principal scientific power for South America [26].
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studies of Leishmania is related to Brazil; as it was mentioned earlier, the researchers in
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Brazil have the largest scientific production in the field of Leishmania in the last decade, but
194
with a review at the following map, it is revealed that the researchers of this country
195
compared to the researchers from a number of countries including the United States have
196
done so much collaboration with their counterparts in other countries and they have more
197
intend to do the studies of Leishmania in the country. The relationship between people and
198
different countries and exchange of technology can be of great importance to the fight and
199
prevention of the disease.
200
India and Iran, countries with a high prevalence of leishmaniasis, [27-30], were ranked third
201
and eighth in scientific output, respectively, and are leading scientific production on
202
leishmaniasis in Asia.
203
Gonzalez-Alcaide et al. (2013) in a study concerning worldwide scientific production on
204
leishmaniasis between 1945 and 2010 demonstrated that 735 authors contribute in 154 top
205
research clusters. Brazil led the pack in their research, with various Brazilian researchers
206
heading different clusters in the focal point of the collaboration network. They believed that
207
leishmaniasis research should be promoted in poor countries such as Sudan, Bangladesh, and
208
Nepal where there is annually a high morbidity and mortality rate of CL and VL forms of the
209
disease, however limited research progress with reference authors incorporated into the
210
collaboration networks [31].
211
Additionally, Ramos et al. (2013) appeared among leishmaniasis records, which published in
212
1,846 scientific journals, “Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and
213
Hygiene” was the main one. The USA, Brazil, and India were the most important countries
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215
logical scientific yield throughout 2001 to 2010 period [32].
216
Moreover, Huamani et al. (2014) and Perilla-Gonzalez et al. (2014) expressed that South
217
American is core of the major logical scientific network in leishmaniasis and also scientific
218
production on leishmaniasis have published in journals indexed in SCOPUS with emphasis
219
on Brazilian research activity. Thus, it is important to reinforce the collaboration networks.
220
[33,34]
221
Overall, the investigation of scientific co authorship through social network analysis takes
222
into account a more exact examination of the cooperation structures inside an order or area of
223
knowledge than studies in view of bibliometric markers alone. All such investigations report
224
an expansion in both scientific productions on leishmaniasis and collaboration among
225
institutions and countries. In any case, the collaboration among authors and the formation of
226
research groups in the field have been less noted and assessed.
227
Our findings have shown that in total, 38,789 researchers had a role in creating 13658
228
articles, among which Shyam Sundar was considered the most active researcher in the field
229
of Leishmania, by compiling and participating in the production of 232. His articles are cited
230
6212 times, and his H-index of 38 is a suitable number for leading researchers in the field. It
231
is shown in this study that Brazil and India are two leading countries in scientific production
232
on leishmaniasis, the reason being that it is endemic in these areas.
233
Conclusions
234
We studied and evaluated the global scientific production in the field of Leishmania,
235
analysing records indexed in Web of Science and determining the current top researchers,
236
mapping their geographical distribution and mapping the journals publishing the research. It
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238
effective step in producing a vaccine for leishmaniasis.
239
Competing interests
240
No competing interests were disclosed.
241
Grant information
242
The authors declare that no grants were involved in supporting this work.
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Table 1: Most cited global research in the field of Leishmania. Title
Principal authors
Publication
Country
Institutional affiliation
Journal
year
Alvar J, Vélez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den
2012
Switzerland
Leishmaniasis worldwide
Department for the Control
PloS one
913
of Neglected Tropical
and global estimates of
Diseases
its incidence.
Boer M.
of
citations
(HTM/NTD/IDM),
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No.
Leishmaniasis Control
Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Luca PM, Lindsay RW, Davey DF, Flynn BJ, Hoff ST, Andersen P, Reed SG, Morris SL, Roederer M, Seder RA.
2007
USA
Multifunctional TH1
Section, Vaccine Research
cells define a correlate of
Leishmania major.
Nature medicine
748
Nature Reviews Immunolo gy
708
Nature
700
Clinical microbiol ogy reviews
666
Center, National Institute
vaccine-mediated protection against
Cellular Immunology
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Darrah PA, Patel DT, De
of Allergy and Infectious
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Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
Roederer, M.
and protection:
Collison LW, Workman
USA
Cellular Immunology Section, Vaccine Research
implications for vaccine
Center, National Institute
design.
of Allergy and Infectious
The inhibitory cytokine
Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
2007
USA
Department of
CJ, Kuo TT, Boyd K, Wang
IL-35 contributes to
Immunology, St Jude
Y, Vignali KM, Cross
regulatory T-cell
Children's Research
R, Sehy D, Blumberg
function
Hospital, Memphis,
RS, Vignali DA. 5
2008
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T-cell quality in memory
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4
Seder RA, Darrah PA,
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3
Croft SL, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH.
Tennessee 38105, USA. 2006
Switzerland
Drug Drugs for Neglected
resistance in leishmaniasi
Diseases Initiative, 1 Place
s
Saint-Gervais, CH-1201 Geneva, Switzerland.
2
1
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Table 2: Most productive researchers in the field of Leishmania Author name
No. of articles
232
Sundar S
144
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Das P
120
Boelaert M
120
Kaiser M Brun R
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Dujardin JC Mohebali M
Khamesipour A
9 10 11 12
94 93 85
Gupta S
83
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85
EP
8
98
Dube A
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7
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13 14 15 16
2
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20 21
All
articles
citations
H-index
232
6212
38
2
Dujardin JC
120
3508
32
3
Boelaert M
120
3129
4
Rijal S
79
2210
5
Brun R
93
2055
6
Fairlamb AH
42
1789
23
7
Ouellette M
59
1434
23
8
Volf P
9
Wilson ME
10
Schonian G
11
Coombs GH
12
Reed SG
13 14
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Sundar S
29 26
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25
1283
23
57
1083
23
65
1617
22
53
1384
22
48
1826
21
Mottram JC
57
1751
21
Kamhawi S
42
1613
21
94
1372
21
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78
Kaiser M
AC C
19
All
1
15 18
Author name
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17
22 23 24 25
3
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Table 4: Ten primary organizations in the field of Leishmania Organization name
All
Percent of
articles
all records
FUNDACAO OSWALDO CRUZ
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS LE RESEAU INTERNATIONAL DES INSTITUTS
32 33
3%
2.52%
333
2.45%
TEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
321
2.35%
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
316
2.31%
273
1.99%
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31
411
COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIAL
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NIH USA
30
3.49%
2.88%
SCIENTIFIQUE CNRS
29
478
394
CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE
28
4.69%
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO
RESEARCH CSIR INDIA
27
641
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PASTEUR RIIP
8.8%
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO
1,207
34 35 36 37 4
ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Table 5: Most frequent words used in the title of Leishmania studies in Iran and the world World Leishmania Research
Iran Leishmania Research
Rank Term
Occurrences
Term
Occurrences
1
Brazil
569
Leishmaniasis
265
2
Activity
557
Iran
213
3
Treatment
493
Effect
4
Diptera
450
Evaluation
5
Psychodidae
437
Treatment
6
Synthesis
418
Balb/c mouse
33
7
Area
325
Diagnosis
28
8
Response
315
Zoonotic cutaneous
28
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38
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53 43 40
State
312
Expression
27
10
Expression
282
Dog
21
11
Macrophage
255
Psychodidae
21
12
Cell
227
Diptera
19
13
Antileishmanial
215
Synthesis
19
209
Efficacy
18
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leishmaniasis
activity
Immune response
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14 15
Efficacy
199
Immune response
18
16
In vitro
198
Protection
17
17
Mouse
195
In vitro
16
18
Derivative
191
Balb/c
15
19
India
176
Glucantime
15
20
Resistance
166
MRHO/IR (strain)
15
39
5
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Fig 1: Quantitative growth process of the studies concerning leishmaniasis in the period of ten years.
Fig 2: 10 leading countries in the studies concerning leishmaniasis.
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Fig3: The cooperation of different scholars in Iran with other regions in the world.
Iran
Italy Colombia
Spain
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Mexico
Usa
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Argentina
India
Germany
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Switzerland
Brazil
Uk
Belgium
France
Canada
Japan
Portugal
Netherlands Australia
Turkey
Fig 4: Cooperation full network between different countries in the field of leishmaniasis.
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Fig 5: Density view of the most frequent terms used in the global studies concerning leishmaniasis.
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Fig 6: Density view of the most frequent terms used in Iranian studies concerning leishmaniasis.
Fig 7: Word cloud of global research keywords of Leishmania.
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Fig 8: Word cloud of Iranian research keywords of Leishmania.
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Highlights In this article we analysed all the articles registered in Web of Science with the subject of
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leishmaniasis between 2006 and 2015 •
Our study showed that studies on leishmaniasis have been growing, from 1071 in 2006 to
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1537 in 2015. “Sundar S” is the most active researcher in the field of leishmaniasis. Brazil ranks first in scientific production, by performing 3,315 studies on leishmaniasis and PLOS
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NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES published the most articles, with 483.
•
Our data shows an increase in the number of publications in the field of leishmaniasis. In
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All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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Author contribution Please specify the contribution of each author to the paper, e.g. study design, data collections, data analysis, writing. Others, who have contributed in other ways should be listed as contributors. Study concept: Mahdi Fakhar Data collection : Masoud Soosaraei, Ali Akbar Khasseh Data interpretation: Masoud Soosaraei , Mahdi Fakhar, Ali Akbar Khasseh, Hajar
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Ziaei Hezarjaribi
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Writing the paper: Masoud Soosaraei, Mahdi Fakhar
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