- Email: [email protected]
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system
Chapter 4
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Disease is…a manifestation of life under modified conditions, operating according to the same laws as apply to the living body at all times, from the first moment until death. Rudolf Virchow.1
Introduction The 19th century was a time of great discoveries in cellular biology and physiology. From this fertile period of science came two general schools of thought. The first was that of Virchow, the German anatomist and physician, which placed primacy on the terrain. The second was that of Pasteur and Koch, who focused on mechanisms of disease and characterized them as singular, isolated, deterministic causes. Koch’s postulates in identifying the “causative agent” of disease were: 1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms. 2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and be cultured. 3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. 4. The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent. According to this concept, the microbe is the cause of disease. The terrain is merely a stage on which it acts. Even in Koch’s time, evidence contrary to his postulates existed, particularly the first postulate. Virchow observed numerous cases in autopsy in which microorganism were found to have colonized but not infected their host.2 A brief reflection on Group A streptococcus (GAS) suffices to illustrate this point. GAS can present as head and neck infections such as sinusitis, tonsillitis, or pharyngitis. It can present as numerous types of syndromes or distinct infectious disease classifications: scarlet fever, erysipelas, cellulitis, impetigo, and necrotizing fasciitis. It can p resent The Theory of Endobiogeny. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816908-7.00004-9 © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
systemically as bacteremia. It can present as a cardio- rheumatic disorder: rheumatic fever. Finally, it can cause postinfectious sequelae such as glomerulonephritis. Clearly with such a varied range of tissues, symptoms, and sequelae, it is not only the microorganism that determines the disease, but also the terrain. To say that there are genetic polymorphisms that determine the manifestation is itself an argument for the role of the terrain, for the genetic heritage is the foundation of the structural aspects of terrain. The functional aspects of terrain are evident when examining the specific type of GAS infection and severity of symptom presentation in an individual patient. This witnesses the degree of competency of the child’s neuroendocrine and immune systems, and, buffering capacity. For example, the younger the child, the greater the physiologic vagotonia. It’s no surprise then that GAS pharyngitis in infants tends to be more mucopurulent than in older children. The younger the child, the greater the sympathetic tone for two general purposes. First, it balances the intensity of the vagotonia. Second, it regulates cardiac output, which is more dependent on heart rate than stroke volume. Thus, younger children also tend to have more gastric manifestations of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain which reflects their hyperalpha-sympathetic response to the infection. From the limiting notion of infectious disease put forth by Koch and Pasteur has arisen a reductionist approach to therapy. For the pharmaceutical industry, it resulted in the development of antibiotics to kill individual microorganisms with no reflection on the terrain of the host. Microbial resistance,3 recurrent and chronic infections, and the increased incidence of cancer proportional to the use of antibiotics are some of the many disadvantages of this approach and therapy.4–6 Chemical herbalism is an approach meant to counter the use, misuse, and overuse of antibiotics. However, it is a reproduction of the same type of reductionist thinking in search of a “natural” antibiotic. It involves the use of isolates of medicinal plants to substitute for specific immunologic functions, again, with no reflection on the terrain of the host. Or, it involves supraphysiologic dosing of vitamins
49
50 The Theory of Endobiogeny
such as ascorbic acid, or, oxidative therapy with intravenous hydrogen peroxide, ozone, etc. Or, it involves substitutive animal and plant extracts such as bovine colostrum, mushroom extracts, etc. down to the minutest method of manipulation of cellular processes related to immunity. Both antibiotics and targeted immune support have their place and offer benefit. However, they are most appropriate for the patients in advanced state of compromise of their terrain and buffering capacity. Ultimately, these approaches remain substitutive and/or reductionist. They neither acknowledge nor address upstream causes of immune dysregulation. To use them as primary and long-term treatments for disorders of the terrain, while helpful, does not advance the patient toward the goal of self-regulation. Selfregulation does not always result in restitutio ad integrum but it does offer the organism a new dynamic of adaptability and certain degrees of freedom. According to the theory of endobiogeny the structure and function of the immune system is derived from and integrated into the terrain (Chapter 3). As always, it is managed by the neuroendocrine system and influenced by emunctories. A microorganism does have intrinsic pathogenicity—it may colonize and live in equilibrium with the organism. Infection occurs not because of the presence of a noncommensal organism, but due to disequilibrium of the terrain.1 It is the quality and duration and intensity of the adapted response that determines the specific symptoms, signs, and sequelae. Thus, the most efficient and foundational approach to regulation of the immune system according to the theory of endobiogeny is the regulation of regional and systemic factors of terrain. What is discussed subsequently is a plan for the regulation of terrain, not the specific manipulation of aspects of immunity. Due to the broad spectrum of activity of whole medicine plant preparations, there are specific areas of immunity that medicinal plants act upon. However, it is not a deterministic event. The plants listed below favor and promote and regulate immune activity within its natural integration into the terrain as managed by the neuroendocrine system. Thus, what follows is not an exhaustive list—far from it. It is a brief and practical selection of efficient plants and oligoelements. They have been chosen based on their polyvalent action. Therapies with particular tropisms are discussed in Chapter 9 and The Theory of Endobiogeny, Volume 3).
Adaptogens Adaptogens improve the general range of function of the organism in structuro-functional and adaptation demands.7–10 They make the response more efficient by modulating the
amplitude, intensity, and duration of endocrine response. They also alter the threshold of response and capacity for autoregulation. All of the adaptogens listed also have polyvalent activity with respect to endocrine function and the immune system, making them excellent plants to use. When in doubt as to the nature of immune dysfunction, start with an adaptogen. Amongst adaptogens, Rhodiola proves to be the most efficient. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola): Its general activity with respect to a global theory of terrain can be characterized like this: IMMUNE: thymic support, antioxidant, ENDOCRINE: Central: adaptogen, Corticotropic: adrenal support, Gonadotropic: estrogen receptor modulator, Thyrotropic: thyroid support. This, if we place Rhodiola on our assessment of immune regulation (Figs. 4.1 and 4.2), we see that it regulates the general neuroendocrine terrain of immune structure and function. Thus, it is suitable to use in all immune states: healthy, hypo-, hyper-, and dysregulated. Two other key adaptogens are Ribes nigrum (cassis bud gemmotherapy) and Quercus pedunculata (oak bud gemmotherapy), discussed in the later chapters. In general, one observes that Ribes nigrum is a neuroendocrine adaptogen with special adaptogenic action on tissues. Quercus pedunculata is an adaptogen with endocrine distributing actions. In other words, it helps progress the adaptation response across the axes. With respect to the buffering capacity, a combination of zinc and copper (Zn-Cu oligoelement) is also helpful. Zinc has the following actions: general immune support, recurring infections, tissue repair, helps clear remaining viral load through its support on liver. Its tropism is connective tissue, skin, prostate, and liver. Copper has the following actions: antiinflammatory, liver detoxifier, promotes leukocyte production, antimicrobial, supports general immune system production. The synergy of Zn-Cu then has the following actions: general immune structure and function, pituitary regulation, DNA function and repair, cellular communication, peripheral thyroid insufficiency, and general metabolic insufficiency.
Innate immunity tissue: Mononuclear phagocytosis system Recall that the mononuclear phagocytosis system (MPS) is a network of promonocyte-derived cells that engage in phagocytosis in the bloodstream as well as tissues. In tissues, they are referred to as macrophages or by specialized names, such as hepatic Kupffer cells (Chapter 3). Improving MPS function improves buffering capacity and the general
1. Virchow, a contemporary of both Pasteur and Koch recognized this in the late 1800s and challenged the notions of the role of the microorganism in isolation from the terrain. However, his school of thought was forgotten with the rise of pharmaceutical products and modern medical education. Cf. An Illustrated history. New York: Abradale Press/H.N. Abrams; 1987.
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 51
Gonads: androgens Red blood cells
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
White blood cells
Eosinophil
Gonads: estrogens
Basophil
Neurophil
Rhodiola Platelets
Liver: thrombopoietin
FIG. 4.1 Structural regulation of immunity by Rhodiola rosea. Rhodiola is leukogenic and regulates estrogens, which affects the general production of leukocytes. (Modified and reproduced from udaix/Shutterstock.com © 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
FIG. 4.2 Functional regulation of the terrain by Rhodiola rosea. As an adaptogen, Rhodiola regulates the general intensity, duration, and responsiveness of the ANS-cortico-thyrotropic response to an aggression (encircled in green). By extension, it adapts cortisol (green rectangle), which helps regulate immunity and prevent both hypo- and hyperimmunity states. By extension of its general adaptogenic qualities, it can also regulate alpha-TRH-T3 and thus oxidative burst. It directly supports thymic function. (© 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
52 The Theory of Endobiogeny
adaptive potential of immunity. Therapeutics that support MPS function are neither stimulatory nor inhibitory. Therefore, they can be used with adaptogens, and, plants listed to treat hypo- and hyperimmunity states.
3. Cornus sanguinea (blood twig bud gemmotherapy) particularly helpful in hyperimmunity rooted in hyperalpha, hyperthyrotropic states with low serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and with necrosis and inflammation
Phagocytosis
MPS drainage
1. Copper‑Gold‑Silver (Cu-Ag-Au) oligoelement a. Cu: antiinflammatory, liver detoxifier, promotes WBC production, antimicrobial, supports general immune system production b. Au: wound healing, tissue reconstruction, WBC stimulation; storage: MPS tissues (liver, spleen, and marrow) c. Ag: general antimicrobial
1. Alnus glutinosa: a true drainer of the MPS, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, with a particularly tropism for mucosal surfaces: sinuses, airways, intestines; in cases of auto-toxicity or chronic states of infection with asthenia, use with Ribes nigrum GM + Juniperus communis GM Consider a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is an underlying terrain that results in hyperimmunity, inflammation, and necrosis. Consider only the question of regulation of immunity, one may use Cornus sanguinea and Betula pubescens synergistically (Fig. 4.3). For a specific pulmonary tropism, one can add Plantago major, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and/or Corylus avellane gemmotherapy.
Liver: Kupffer cell activity 1. Alnus glutinosa (black alder bud gemmotherapy): cf. below 2. Betula pubescens (birch bud gemmotherapy, and, bark decoction): salutary hepatorenal drainer, antimicrobial, general depurative, improves feelings of mental and physical fatigue
FIG. 4.3 Synergistic activities of Cornus sanguinea and Betula pubescens for a hyperimmunity state with inflammation and necrosis. In the schematic, we return to the diagram demonstrating the role of the genito-thyroid index (cf. Fig. 3.17 for a full discussion), which will be elevated (neutrophils > lymphocytes) in the case of the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cited in the text. There will be a certain level of estrogenism that proliferates neutrophils, and a rapid response by TSH to stimulating T4, results in low serum TSH and increased activity of T4. The consequence is neutrophilia, inflammation, and hyperimmunity, which is what an elevated genito-thyroid index implicates. Finally, from the increased rate of inflammatory proteins and necrotic material, there will be a strain on the liver which can impair the activity of Kupffer cells of the MPS system. Cornus sanguinea addresses all these issues (green boxes). Due to the general hepatic congestion. Betula pubescens is complimentary as hepatorenal drainer. It also supports hepatic Kupffer cells. (© 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 53
Decongestants of the splanchnic system and associated viscera The portal vein is the venous drainage of the entire splanchnic system (Fig. 4.4). All nutrients and reabsorbed waste products flow to the liver via the portal vein. Portal congestion impacts hepatic function in structural and function roles, e.g., adaptation, immunity, nutrition, buffering capacity, etc. (Table 4.1). Congestion of the arterial circulation impairs immediate adaptation response and the liberation of leukocytes from the splanchnic bed (cf. Chapter 7). Splenic congestion is typically related to hepatosplenic congestion via the portal vein (Fig. 4.4). Congestion of the spleen can impair innate and adaptive immunity as well as the mobilization of platelets from the spleen (cf. platelet mobilization index, Chapter 1 and Fig. 1.4).
Adaptive immunity therapeutics Adaptive immunity is the branch of the immune system that reacts to specific threats to the organism. It involves T-lymphocytes, which implicates the thymus. It also involves B-lymphocytes, which implicates the bone marrow. B-lymphocytes produce immunoglobulins (Chapter 3). There are a number of medicinal plants that support adaptive immunity. The use of these plants is indicated by situations such as chronic Lyme disease, with low natural killer cells, or recurrent infections related to documented quantitative or relative states of immunoglobulin insufficiency.
TABLE 4.1 Decongestants of the splanchnic system and associated viscera Plant
Portal
Quercus pedunculata
•
Agrimonia eupatora
•
Cichorium intybus
•
Carduus marianus
•
Splanchnic
Splenic
•
Artemisia dracunculus
•
Matricaria recutita
•
Anthemis nobilis
•
Matricaria recutita
•
Tamarisk gallica
•
Ceanothus americanus
•
Quercus spiritus glandulosum (3x–9x)
•
Thymus, T cells 1. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola)
Lymphatics and lymphoid tissues 1. Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover)
FIG. 4.4 Diagram of the splanchnic system. All waste products from the viscera and annexal glands enter via the portal vein into the liver before returning to the right atrium for recirculation. Here, we demonstrate the polyvalent role of Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile) as a hepato-splanchnic drainer, antiinflammatory, antihistaminic, and gastro-protectant. See Fig. 4.5 for a depiction of its central actions. (Modified and reproduced from Koeppen B, Stanton B. Berne and Levy Physiology. 6th ed. Elsevier © 2009.)
54 The Theory of Endobiogeny
2. Cupressus sempervirens (cypress): best used as an essential oil (EO) diluted topically over superficial lymphoid tissue or in tincture
Bone marrow: B-Lymphocytes 1. Ficus carica (fig bud) gemmotherapy: supports bone marrow in general and reduces overstimulation of the brain stem. Use when a hyperalpha state is implicated in immune deficiency, especially with an elevated thyroid relaunching and thyroid relaunching corrected index.
Gammaglobulins All below are gemmotherapy products helpful in states of hypogammaglobulinemia. They also have particular tropisms noted in the discussion. 1. Fagus sylvatica (beech tree bud): use in states of immune insufficiency related in part to emotional shock (+ Ficus carica GM + Sequoia gigantea GM + Ribes nigrum GM) or intense adaptive states (+ Ficus carica GM + Rosa canina GM); good tropism for hyperimmune conditions affecting kidneys and lungs. 2. Ficus carica (fig bud): consider in dysbiosis where there is chronic oversolicitation of brain stem (reticular activating system). 3. Cornus sanguinea (blood twig bud): also improves innate immune function (hepatic Kupffer cells); particularly helpful in hyperimmunity rooted in thyrotropic oversolicitation with necrosis and inflammation.
Emunctories Regulating efficient metabolic activity and synergistic drainage of emunctories serves as a general therapeutic strategy for all states of immunity. One will note some overlap with plants recommended for the MPS. The plants are listed based on the strength of their hepatobiliary drainage, not their antiinfectious properties.
Hepatobiliary Medicinal plants 1. Carduus marianus (milk thistle) 2. Cynara scolymus (artichoke leaf) 3. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) 4. Raphanus niger (black radish)
Oligoelement: Sulfur Sulfur is implicated in mitochondrial function.11 It is complexed to iron and to cysteine and plays a role in cytochrome p450 activity. Within the liver, this function is particularly
crucial in Phase 2 detoxification, which is the detoxification of hydrophilic toxins to be excreted by the kidney.12 1. Liver support (Phase 2 metabolism, cytochrome p450) 2. Increases bile production 3. Aids in cellular metabolism 4. Antiinflammatory 5. Regenerates connective tissue
Hepatorenal Hepatorenal drainers allow for the proper functioning of the liver and kidney. This allows the liver to metabolize toxins through both phases I and II and excrete lipophilic toxins via the colon and feces, and hydrophilic ones via the kidney. Birch (Betula pubescens) is a hepatorenal drainer with intrinsic immune properties (hepatic Kupffer cells), making it an efficient therapeutic for immune dysfunction. 1. Birch bud and bark (Betula pubescens)
Pancreas, exocrine, and endocrine These plants are the most efficient pancreatic plants, as they are dual pancreatropes, supporting the exocrine and endocrine pancreas and have an excellent tropism for the immune system. 1. Arctium lappa (burdock root): a truly polyvalent drainer and depurative with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity: a. Reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), increases macrophage activity, antiallergic: leukotriene inhibitor; antiinfectious (cutaneous and urinary): antibacterial, antifungal 2. Agrimonia eupatora (agrimony): ENT, pulmonary conditions, especially in children a. Antibacterial (Gram +) with ENT and pulmonary tropism, antiinflammatory, antihistamine 3. Juglans regia (black walnut): excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial with the deepest level of pancreatic equilibration a. antiseptic, antibacterial (staphylococcus, proteus), antimycotic, antiinfectious (ENT, pulmonary) 4. Salvia sclarea (clary sage): well tolerated in asthenic states of hypoimmunity; use cautiously in high doses in hyperestrogenic hyperimmune and autoimmune states. a. Antiinfectious broad spectrum: genital, urinary, ENT, antiinflammatory 5. Olea europaea (olive leaf, bud): a. Antiinfectious broad spectrum
Biology of functions indices related to immune function The biology of functions (BoF) utilizes specific aspects of cellular immunity (total white blood cell count and
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 55
TABLE 4.2 Indexes with elevated values favoring hyperimmunity
TABLE 4.3 Indexes with low values favoring hypoimmunity
Category
Index
Category
Index
Corticotropic
ACTH + adaptation index
Corticotropic
ACTH
Cortisol to adrenal cortex ratio < 1:1
Cortisol
Evoked histamine
Adrenal cortex
Leukocyte mobilization
Leukocyte mobilization
Platelet mobilization
Platelet mobilization
Adaptation-permissivity of the adrenal cortex (absolute value)
Adaptation-permissivity of the adrenal cortex
Inflammation
Inflammation (varies)
Gonadotropic
Estrogen index corrected
Gonadotropic
Estrogen index corrected
Thyrotropic
Genito-thyroid
Thyrotropic
Genito-thyroid
Somatotropic
Thyroid index (varies)
Thyroid index (normal or low)
Thyroid relaunching corrected
Thyroid relaunching corrected
Insulin
Somatotropic
Somatostatin (exocrine pancreas) (normal or low)
Somatostatin (exocrine pancreas) Redox
Redox
Noxious free radicals Carcinogenesis
Noxious free radicals
Interleukin-1 index Carcinogenesis
d ifferential of each general type of leukocyte). These cells are downstream markers of how various upstream regulators of the terrain have managed some aspect of structure or function (The Theory of Endobiogeny, Volume 1, Chapter 15). Evaluating the basic lab results is a direct evaluation of elements of immunity. Evaluating them through the algorithms of the BoF allows for an evaluation of how the neuroendocrine system may be playing a role in mobilization or regulation of immune elements. It also allows for an evaluation of the splanchnic bed and indirectly the liver. Table 4.2 presents indexes, which when elevated, favor hyperimmunity. Table 4.3 presents indexes, which when low (or normal but associated with other indexes in the group that are low) favor a state of hypoimmunity due to insufficient maturation and/or mobilization of immune cells. Indexes favoring splanchnic congestion are listed in Table 4.4.
Hypoimmunity therapeutics ANS: Beta-mimetic Improving beta-sympathetic activity liberates adaptive immune elements from the spleen. The following plants, as bulk herbs or EOs are particularly efficient and have
Insulin (normal or low)
Interleukin-1 index
TABLE 4.4 Indexes that favor splanchnic congestion Category
Index
Value
Significance
Buffering capacity
Leukocyte mobilization + platelet mobilization
↓
Due to hyperalpha state constriction of splanchnic bed that blocks beta
Somatotropic
Splanchnic congestion index
↓
Splanchnic congestion is adaptative and may impair mobilization of elements of immunity sequestered within the splanchnic system
Splanchnic congestion index
↑
Nutritional congestion such as during endometrial proliferation or childhood growth
56 The Theory of Endobiogeny
excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. As EOs they are an effective complement in a tincture.
Gonadotropic: General considerations
1. Thymus vulgaris (thyme) Parasympatholytic and spasmolytic: aids in re-establishing a proper sequencing of autonomic function and thus indirectly improving 2. Satureja montana (winter savory) 3. Cinnamoma zeylanicum (cinnamon)
The gonadotropic axis plays roles in both the structure and function of immunity and thus it can play three roles: (1) improve buffering capacity: increase elements in storage, (2) alter duration of immune function: rate of production of immune factors, and (3) alter rate of immune cells: activation and extravasation.
Corticotropic: General considerations
Gonadotropic: Central
In addition to adaptogenic and ANS therapies, corticotropic plants offer an efficient method of regulation of immune responsiveness. However, in certain cases, the therapy may remain symptomatic in nature. Thus, its important to be mindful of the role of the thyrotropic axis as well.
Relaunch pituitary activity, in particular follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), to improve the production of immune elements for the integrity and safety of the organism. 1. Inula helenium (elecampane)
Corticotropic: Central: General
Gonadotropic: Peripheral
1. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola)
Estrogenic
Corticotropic: Central: ACTH
1. Angelica archangelica (angelica) 2. Avena sativa (milky oat seed) 3. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon)
1. Ocimum basilicum (basil): relaunches adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) activity and the general functioning of the adrenal cortex
Androgenic 1. Eleuthrococcus senticossus (Eleuthrococcus) 2. Zingiber officinale (ginger)
Corticotropic: Peripheral: General tropism All states of immune dysregulation: these plants are the most efficient for general regulation of immune activity. They increase global adrenal cortex function, including cortisol, and can regulate ACTH through cortisol-like feedback mechanisms. These plants work best as gemmomacerate preparations. 1. Ribes nigrum (cassis) 2. Rosa canina (dog rose) 3. Quercus pedunculata (oak) 4. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)
Corticotropic: Peripheral: Specific immune tropism These plants support the functioning of the adrenal cortex but also have particular antimicrobial activity. These plants are best used to complement the above plants when there is a known active infection be it acute or chronic, virulent or low grade. They are best used as EOs in a tincture. 1. Abies balsamea (balsam fir GM, EO): particularly helpful for bone infections, and in children with recurrent infections as a gemmomacerate 2. Thymus vulgaris (thyme EO, BH) 3. Satureja montana (savory EO, BH)
Thyrotropic: Central Relaunch alpha-sympathetic activity to relaunch thyrotropic activity. 1. Citrus limon (lemon EO) 2. Salvia officinalis (Dalmatian Sage)
Thyrotropic: Peripheral Improve peripheral thyroid activity 1. Avena sativa (milky oat seed) 2. Zingiber officinale (ginger)
Thyro-somatotropic: General considerations The general approach is to regulate prolactin activity in and of itself for its immunostimulatory activity, regulation of gonadotropic activity and its stimulatory activity on the endocrine pancreas (i.e., insulin).
Thyro-somatotropic: Central Stimulate prolactin activity 1. Sambucus nigra (elderberry leaf and berry): excellent antiviral activity, well tolerated in children
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 57
Thyro-somatotropic: Peripheral Improve insulin sensitivity at the cell membrane level to reduce oversolicitation of the exocrine pancreas.
#3a: Oligoelements in ACUTE hypoimmunity states ●
Medicinal plants 1. Juglans regia (walnut) 2. Agrimonia eupatora (agrimony) 3. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon)
Oligoelement
Cu-Ag-Au: ● Day 1: 1 ampule every 4 h ● Day 2: 1 ampule every 6 h ● Days 3–5: 1 ampule every 8 h ● Day 6-resolution: 1 ampule every 12 h
#2b: Immuno-drainage in CHRONIC hypoimmunity states
This recipe can be used for immuno-drainage in chronic 1. Magnesium (Mg) oligoelement states of hypoimmunity. a. Improves insulin sensitivity at the cell membrane b. Alters cellular response threshold to alpha- ● Betula pubescens bud GM 40 mL sympathetic activity ● Fagus sylvatica bud GM 20 mL (Renal drainage, immunoglobulin support) Recipes for Hypoimmune states: acute or ● Melilotus officinalis plant MT 20 mL (Lymphatic drainage through reduction of alpha-sympathetic congestion) chronic infectious states with fatigue ● Agrimonia eupatora leaf MT 40 mLl #1: Neuroendocrine terrain of hypoimmunity ● Thymus vulgaris ct. linalool leaf EO 3 mL
and fatigue ●
●
●
●
●
Rhodiola rosea root mother tincture (MT) 40 mL (Adaptogen) Ribes nigrum bud glycerin macerate of bud (GM) 50 mL (Adrenal cortex support) Zingiber officinale root MT 30 mL (Adreno-androgenthyroid support) Satureja ssp. leaf EO 2 mL (Adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla support) Thymus vulgaris ct. linalool leaf EO 1 mL (Adrenal cortex, parasympatholytic) Posology:
●
●
Acute: 4 mL 2–3 times per day for 14 days or until symptoms resolve Chronic: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms resolve
#2a: Immuno-drainage in ACUTE hypoimmunity states This is the second of three aspects of the treatment. This treatment focuses on immune support and emunctory drainage. ●
●
●
●
Betula pubescens bud GM 40 mL (Hepatorenal drainage and Kupffer cell support) Agrimonia eupatora leaf MT 40 mL (Hepatobiliarypancreatic-immune support) Arctium lappa root MT 40 mL (Immunomodulation, hepato-pancreatic support) Artemisia dracunculus leaf EO 3 mL (Immunosplanchnic drainage)
Posology: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 14 days or until symptoms resolve.
Posology: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms resolve.
#3b: Oligoelements in CHRONIC hypoimmunity states ●
Sulfur: 1 ampule 2–3 times per day before meals
Hyperimmunity therapeutics ANS: Parasympatholytic, alphasympatholytic These plants can reduce the general level of activity of the immune system. In various forms, especially as EOs and tisanes, are quite efficient for their direct antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity as well. 1. Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) (Fig. 4.5). 2. Origanum vulgare (oregano) 3. Thymus vulgaris (thyme) 4. Satureja montana (savory)
ANS: Alphasympatholytic 1. Melissa officinalis (Melissa) 2. Passiflora incarnata (passionflower) 3. Crataegus oxycantha (hawthorn)
ANS: Parasympatholytic 1. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon)
Corticotropic: General considerations After adaptogenic therapies, corticotropic plants offer an efficient method of regulating immune response. However,
58 The Theory of Endobiogeny
FIG. 4.5 The role of Matricaria recutita on the hyperimmune terrain. Matricaria recutita directly inhibits both alpha sympathetic (αΣ) and ACTH and all that that implies. It also inhibits histamines and is antiinflammatory. To synergize, if indicated, one can also directly inhibit TRH with a plant such as Fabiana imbricata. See Fig. 4.4 for a depiction of Matricaria recutita within the splanchnic system. (© 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
in certain cases, the therapy may remain symptomatic in nature. Thus, it is important to be mindful of the role of the thyrotropic axis as well.
They increase global adrenal cortex function, including cortisol, and can regulate ACTH through cortisol-like feedback mechanisms. What is listed is in reference to the gemmomacerate preparations.
Corticotropic: Central: General 1. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola)
1. Ribes nigrum (cassis bud) 2. Rosa canina (dog rose bud) 3. Quercus pedunculata (oak bud)
Corticotropic: Central: ACTH
Gonadotropic: General considerations
1. Matricaria recutita (German chamomile): reduces ACTH; use in cases of elevated histamine receptors, and states of eosinophilia and basophilia such as extrinsic asthma and eczema It will be noted that Matricaria recutita has been mentioned in three different sections of therapeutics related to immunity. The sum total of its effects is particularly indicated in states of hyperimmunity, but also states of blocked adaptability. People who have a hard time transitioning to new situations, who become sick easily, who have a low leukocyte or platelet mobilization index, and especially if both are diminished. On the following page, its effects on central and peripheral adaptation are graphically demonstrated.
The gonadotropic axis plays roles in both the structure and function of immunity and thus it can play three roles:
Corticotropic: Peripheral: General tropism All states of immune dysregulation: These plants are the most efficient for general regulation of immune activity.
1. Improve buffering capacity a. Increase elements in storage 2. Alter duration of immune function a. Rate of production of immune factors 3. Alter rate of immune function a. Activation of immune cells b. Extravasation of immune cells
Gonadotropic: Central Reduce central overstimulation to reduce the rate of production of immune factors and their activation and extravasation. 1. Borago officinalis (borage) 2. Lithospermum officinalis (stone seed) 3. Lycopus europaeus (gypsywort)
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 59
Gonadotropic: Peripheral Reduce estrogen activity 1. Vitex agnus castus (chaste tree) 2. Rubus idaeus (young shoots of the raspberry bush gemmotherapy)
Thyrotropic: Central Reduce central thyrotropic activity, both thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH.
Recipes for hyperimmune states: Eczema, allergies #1: Neuroendocrine terrain of hyperimmune states ●
●
●
Inula helenium MT 40 mL (pituitary support, anti-allergic) Ribes nigrum bud GM 40 mL (adrenal cortex, anti- allergic support) Achillea millefolium MT 40 mL (Anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, anti-septic. Progesteronic, to regulate estrogen's influence on immune fabrication) Lavandula angustafolia EO 2.5 mL (reduces hyper functioning ANS, anti-allergic, stabilizes mast cell degranulation)
1. Fabiana imbricata (pichi) 2. Leonurus cardiaca (motherwort) 3. Lithospermum officinalis (stone seed) 4. Lycopus europaeus (gypsywort)
●
Thyrotropic: Peripheral
Posology: 2–4 mL, 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms have resolved.
Inhibit central thyrotropic activity (cf. above) or directly inhibit peripheral thyroid activity. 1. Lycopus europaeus (gypsywort) 2. Fabiana imbricata (pichi) 3. Brassica oleracea (cabbage)
Thyro-somatotropic: General considerations The general approach is to regulate prolactin activity in and of itself for its immunostimulatory activity, regulation of gonadotropic activity and its stimulatory activity on the endocrine pancreas (i.e., insulin).
Thyro-somatotropic: Central Regulate the growth hormone-prolactin relationship.
#2: Drainage for hyperimmune states ●
●
●
●
Matricaria recutita MT 60 mL (hepato-splanchnic drainage, anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic, anti-inflammatory) Arctium lappa MT 20 mL (depurative, hepato-pancreatic support, immune modulation) Agrimonia eupatora MT 20 mL (hepatobiliary- pancreatic support, anti-histaminic, ENT and pulmonary infectious tropism) Plantago major leaf 20 mL (hepatobiliary-exocrine pancreatic support, ENT drainage, pulmonary tropism, immune modulating)
#3: Oligoelements
1. Hyperalpha sympathetic state with hyperinsulinism and low GH a. Lamium album (white deadnettle) 2. Hyperdopaminergic relaunching of prolactin with adrenal cortex insufficiency a. Fragaria vesca (strawberry leaf)
1. Mg oligoelement: 1 ampule twice per day
Thyro-somatotropic: Peripheral
#1: Neuroendocrine terrain of autoimmune states
Medicinal plants Reduce exocrine pancreas oversolicitation. 1. Juglans regia (walnut) 2. Agrimonia eupatora (agrimony)
#4: Vitamins 2. Potassium ascorbate 3 g twice per day
Recipes for autoimmune states
●
●
Oligoelement 1. Magnesium (Mg) oligoelement a. Improves insulin sensitivity at the cell membrane b. Alters cellular response threshold to alpha- sympathetic activity
●
Lithospermum officinalis MT 40 mL (inhibits central drivers of gonado-thyrotropic stimulation of immune fabrication and activity: FSH, TRH, TSH) Lycopus europaeus MT 40 mL (inhibits central drivers of gonado-thyrotropic stimulation of immune fabrication and activity: FSH, TRH, TSH) Leonorus cardiaca MT 40 mL (inhibits central drivers of cortico-thyrotropic stimulation of immune f abrication and activity: inhibits Alpha, TRH, Cortisol fixation to receptors)
60 The Theory of Endobiogeny
●
Eschscholzia californica MT 40 mL, (endorphin support #4: Vitamins to inhibit TRH, use when βMSH/αMSH index elevated) or, Passiflora incarnata flower MT (reduces alpha and 5. Alternative to Mn-Co: B12 (as hydroxy- or methylcobalamine) 1000–2000 μg AM and mid-afternoon improves GABA activity, reduces adrenal cortex over- stimulation; use when βMSH/αMSH index is less than 3.5)
Alimentation and immune modulation
Posology: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms have resolved.
Numerous vitamins and minerals are associated with the normal regulation of the immune system, both directly and indirectly through their influence on the production and activity of neuroendocrine function. In states of debilitation, the presentation of immune-boosting foods as broths and juices can offer nutrients in a form easy to assimilate. In states of convalescence, the same foods can be blended, steamed, or eaten raw. Perhaps, the most beneficial of all foods is raw garlic, swallowed whole. A general list of foods with nutrients favorable for support of immunity is listed in Table 4.5. For children in the summer, a popsicle can be made of fresh squeezed lemon juice, water, honey, ginger and
#2: Drainage for autoimmune states ●
● ●
Carduus marianus MT 60 mL (hepatic drainage in face of demand for metabolism of inflammatory proteins) Agrimonia eupatora MT 30 mL Plantago major MT 30 mL
#3: Oligoelements 3. Mn-Co oligoelement: 1 ampule twice per day AM and mid afternoon 4. Li oligoelement 1 ampule twice per day AM and before bed
TABLE 4.5 Foods containing nutrients that support immunity Zn
Se
S
Fruits
Apples
•
•
Avocados
•
•
Berries
•
•
•
•
Bananas Vegetables
B Vitamins
Phytonutrients
Food
Kiwi
Mg
Vitamins A, E
Class
•
•
•
Sprouts
•
•
•
•
Endive
•
•
Tomato
•
•
Carrots
•
Gourds
•
Dark leafy greens (Best: spinach, collard greens, kale)
•
•
Onions, garlic
•
•
Cabbage, broccoli
•
•
Grains
Buckwheat
•
Nuts and seeds
Flax, sesame, pumpkin, sunflower
•
Spices
Turmeric, ginger
Others
Brewer’s yeast Fermented drinks Fermented foods
Probiotics
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
• •
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 61
clove. It can also be served warm to children or adults in colder seasons. To make four cups, one combines the following ingredients: juice of one lemon (vitamin C, bioflavanoids, antioxidant, antiviral), four cups water, ½ cup honey (anticough, antiinflammatory, antibiotic), ¼ tsp. ginger powder (antiinflammatory, antibiotic, immune stimulant), and a dash clove (antiinflammatory, antibiotic, immune stimulant). Heat water under medium heat. Add honey until dissolved. Add ginger and clove. Remove from stovetop. In the winter, serve warm. In the summer, cool to room temperature, poor in a popsicle mold, freeze, then serve.
Conclusions The immune system is a critical element that helps ensure the survival of the organism. It has both proactive and reactive elements. The immune system is complex with several elements present in local and regional areas as well as systemically. They are also present on the envelope, the middle, and interior of the organism. Both the structure and function of the immune system is closely regulated by neuroendocrine factors and emunctory function. Various levels of improper immune function can result in a host of disorders that are of a classically immune nature or in which immune function is implicated in the persistence or exacerbation of the disorder. The most efficient therapeutic approach to immunity is through assessment and treatment of the precise factors of terrain most implicated in the level of dysfunction.
References 1. McNeely IF. Medicine on a Grand Scale: Rudolf Virchow, Liberalism, and the Public Health. Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine; 2002. 2. Lyons AS, Petrucelli RJ. Medicine: An Illustrated History. New York: Abradale Press/H.N. Abrams; 1987. 3. Rossolini GM, Arena F, Pecile P, Pollini S. Update on the antibiotic resistance crisis. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014;18:56–60. 4. Velicer CM, Heckbert SR, Lampe JW, Potter JD, Robertson CA, Taplin SH. Antibiotic use in relation to the risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 2004;291(7):827–835. 5. Velicer CM, Heckbert SR, Rutter C, Lampe JW, Malone K. Association between antibiotic use prior to breast cancer diagnosis and breast tumour characteristics (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17(3):307–313. 6. Sutcliffe S, Giovannucci E, Isaacs WB, Willett WC, Platz EA. Acne and risk of prostate cancer. J Int Cancer. 2007;121(12):2688–2692. 7. Bleakney TL. Deconstructing an adaptogen: Eleutherococcus senticosus. Holist Nurs Pract. 2008;22(4):220–224. 8. Davydov M, Krikorian AD. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & maxim.) maxim. (Araliaceae) as an adaptogen: a closer look. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;72(3):345–393. 9. Kelly GS. Rhodiola rosea: a possible plant adaptogen. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(3):293–302. 10. Pooja BAS, Khanum F. Anti-inflammatory activity of Rhodiola rosea— a second-generation adaptogen. Phytother Res. 2009;23(8):1099–1102. 11. Lesnefsky E, Chen Q, Tandler B, Hopper C. Mitochondrial bioenergetics in the heart. In: Vasan R, Sawyer B, eds. Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine. Elsevier; 2018. 12. Liston HL, Markowitz JS, DeVane CL. Drug glucuronidation in clinical psychopharmacology. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001;21(5):500–515.
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Disease is…a manifestation of life under modified conditions, operating according to the same laws as apply to the living body at all times, from the first moment until death. Rudolf Virchow.1
Introduction The 19th century was a time of great discoveries in cellular biology and physiology. From this fertile period of science came two general schools of thought. The first was that of Virchow, the German anatomist and physician, which placed primacy on the terrain. The second was that of Pasteur and Koch, who focused on mechanisms of disease and characterized them as singular, isolated, deterministic causes. Koch’s postulates in identifying the “causative agent” of disease were: 1. The microorganism must be found in abundance in all organisms suffering from the disease, but should not be found in healthy organisms. 2. The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and be cultured. 3. The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into a healthy organism. 4. The microorganism must be re-isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent. According to this concept, the microbe is the cause of disease. The terrain is merely a stage on which it acts. Even in Koch’s time, evidence contrary to his postulates existed, particularly the first postulate. Virchow observed numerous cases in autopsy in which microorganism were found to have colonized but not infected their host.2 A brief reflection on Group A streptococcus (GAS) suffices to illustrate this point. GAS can present as head and neck infections such as sinusitis, tonsillitis, or pharyngitis. It can present as numerous types of syndromes or distinct infectious disease classifications: scarlet fever, erysipelas, cellulitis, impetigo, and necrotizing fasciitis. It can p resent The Theory of Endobiogeny. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816908-7.00004-9 © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
systemically as bacteremia. It can present as a cardio- rheumatic disorder: rheumatic fever. Finally, it can cause postinfectious sequelae such as glomerulonephritis. Clearly with such a varied range of tissues, symptoms, and sequelae, it is not only the microorganism that determines the disease, but also the terrain. To say that there are genetic polymorphisms that determine the manifestation is itself an argument for the role of the terrain, for the genetic heritage is the foundation of the structural aspects of terrain. The functional aspects of terrain are evident when examining the specific type of GAS infection and severity of symptom presentation in an individual patient. This witnesses the degree of competency of the child’s neuroendocrine and immune systems, and, buffering capacity. For example, the younger the child, the greater the physiologic vagotonia. It’s no surprise then that GAS pharyngitis in infants tends to be more mucopurulent than in older children. The younger the child, the greater the sympathetic tone for two general purposes. First, it balances the intensity of the vagotonia. Second, it regulates cardiac output, which is more dependent on heart rate than stroke volume. Thus, younger children also tend to have more gastric manifestations of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain which reflects their hyperalpha-sympathetic response to the infection. From the limiting notion of infectious disease put forth by Koch and Pasteur has arisen a reductionist approach to therapy. For the pharmaceutical industry, it resulted in the development of antibiotics to kill individual microorganisms with no reflection on the terrain of the host. Microbial resistance,3 recurrent and chronic infections, and the increased incidence of cancer proportional to the use of antibiotics are some of the many disadvantages of this approach and therapy.4–6 Chemical herbalism is an approach meant to counter the use, misuse, and overuse of antibiotics. However, it is a reproduction of the same type of reductionist thinking in search of a “natural” antibiotic. It involves the use of isolates of medicinal plants to substitute for specific immunologic functions, again, with no reflection on the terrain of the host. Or, it involves supraphysiologic dosing of vitamins
49
50 The Theory of Endobiogeny
such as ascorbic acid, or, oxidative therapy with intravenous hydrogen peroxide, ozone, etc. Or, it involves substitutive animal and plant extracts such as bovine colostrum, mushroom extracts, etc. down to the minutest method of manipulation of cellular processes related to immunity. Both antibiotics and targeted immune support have their place and offer benefit. However, they are most appropriate for the patients in advanced state of compromise of their terrain and buffering capacity. Ultimately, these approaches remain substitutive and/or reductionist. They neither acknowledge nor address upstream causes of immune dysregulation. To use them as primary and long-term treatments for disorders of the terrain, while helpful, does not advance the patient toward the goal of self-regulation. Selfregulation does not always result in restitutio ad integrum but it does offer the organism a new dynamic of adaptability and certain degrees of freedom. According to the theory of endobiogeny the structure and function of the immune system is derived from and integrated into the terrain (Chapter 3). As always, it is managed by the neuroendocrine system and influenced by emunctories. A microorganism does have intrinsic pathogenicity—it may colonize and live in equilibrium with the organism. Infection occurs not because of the presence of a noncommensal organism, but due to disequilibrium of the terrain.1 It is the quality and duration and intensity of the adapted response that determines the specific symptoms, signs, and sequelae. Thus, the most efficient and foundational approach to regulation of the immune system according to the theory of endobiogeny is the regulation of regional and systemic factors of terrain. What is discussed subsequently is a plan for the regulation of terrain, not the specific manipulation of aspects of immunity. Due to the broad spectrum of activity of whole medicine plant preparations, there are specific areas of immunity that medicinal plants act upon. However, it is not a deterministic event. The plants listed below favor and promote and regulate immune activity within its natural integration into the terrain as managed by the neuroendocrine system. Thus, what follows is not an exhaustive list—far from it. It is a brief and practical selection of efficient plants and oligoelements. They have been chosen based on their polyvalent action. Therapies with particular tropisms are discussed in Chapter 9 and The Theory of Endobiogeny, Volume 3).
Adaptogens Adaptogens improve the general range of function of the organism in structuro-functional and adaptation demands.7–10 They make the response more efficient by modulating the
amplitude, intensity, and duration of endocrine response. They also alter the threshold of response and capacity for autoregulation. All of the adaptogens listed also have polyvalent activity with respect to endocrine function and the immune system, making them excellent plants to use. When in doubt as to the nature of immune dysfunction, start with an adaptogen. Amongst adaptogens, Rhodiola proves to be the most efficient. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola): Its general activity with respect to a global theory of terrain can be characterized like this: IMMUNE: thymic support, antioxidant, ENDOCRINE: Central: adaptogen, Corticotropic: adrenal support, Gonadotropic: estrogen receptor modulator, Thyrotropic: thyroid support. This, if we place Rhodiola on our assessment of immune regulation (Figs. 4.1 and 4.2), we see that it regulates the general neuroendocrine terrain of immune structure and function. Thus, it is suitable to use in all immune states: healthy, hypo-, hyper-, and dysregulated. Two other key adaptogens are Ribes nigrum (cassis bud gemmotherapy) and Quercus pedunculata (oak bud gemmotherapy), discussed in the later chapters. In general, one observes that Ribes nigrum is a neuroendocrine adaptogen with special adaptogenic action on tissues. Quercus pedunculata is an adaptogen with endocrine distributing actions. In other words, it helps progress the adaptation response across the axes. With respect to the buffering capacity, a combination of zinc and copper (Zn-Cu oligoelement) is also helpful. Zinc has the following actions: general immune support, recurring infections, tissue repair, helps clear remaining viral load through its support on liver. Its tropism is connective tissue, skin, prostate, and liver. Copper has the following actions: antiinflammatory, liver detoxifier, promotes leukocyte production, antimicrobial, supports general immune system production. The synergy of Zn-Cu then has the following actions: general immune structure and function, pituitary regulation, DNA function and repair, cellular communication, peripheral thyroid insufficiency, and general metabolic insufficiency.
Innate immunity tissue: Mononuclear phagocytosis system Recall that the mononuclear phagocytosis system (MPS) is a network of promonocyte-derived cells that engage in phagocytosis in the bloodstream as well as tissues. In tissues, they are referred to as macrophages or by specialized names, such as hepatic Kupffer cells (Chapter 3). Improving MPS function improves buffering capacity and the general
1. Virchow, a contemporary of both Pasteur and Koch recognized this in the late 1800s and challenged the notions of the role of the microorganism in isolation from the terrain. However, his school of thought was forgotten with the rise of pharmaceutical products and modern medical education. Cf. An Illustrated history. New York: Abradale Press/H.N. Abrams; 1987.
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 51
Gonads: androgens Red blood cells
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
White blood cells
Eosinophil
Gonads: estrogens
Basophil
Neurophil
Rhodiola Platelets
Liver: thrombopoietin
FIG. 4.1 Structural regulation of immunity by Rhodiola rosea. Rhodiola is leukogenic and regulates estrogens, which affects the general production of leukocytes. (Modified and reproduced from udaix/Shutterstock.com © 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
FIG. 4.2 Functional regulation of the terrain by Rhodiola rosea. As an adaptogen, Rhodiola regulates the general intensity, duration, and responsiveness of the ANS-cortico-thyrotropic response to an aggression (encircled in green). By extension, it adapts cortisol (green rectangle), which helps regulate immunity and prevent both hypo- and hyperimmunity states. By extension of its general adaptogenic qualities, it can also regulate alpha-TRH-T3 and thus oxidative burst. It directly supports thymic function. (© 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
52 The Theory of Endobiogeny
adaptive potential of immunity. Therapeutics that support MPS function are neither stimulatory nor inhibitory. Therefore, they can be used with adaptogens, and, plants listed to treat hypo- and hyperimmunity states.
3. Cornus sanguinea (blood twig bud gemmotherapy) particularly helpful in hyperimmunity rooted in hyperalpha, hyperthyrotropic states with low serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and with necrosis and inflammation
Phagocytosis
MPS drainage
1. Copper‑Gold‑Silver (Cu-Ag-Au) oligoelement a. Cu: antiinflammatory, liver detoxifier, promotes WBC production, antimicrobial, supports general immune system production b. Au: wound healing, tissue reconstruction, WBC stimulation; storage: MPS tissues (liver, spleen, and marrow) c. Ag: general antimicrobial
1. Alnus glutinosa: a true drainer of the MPS, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, with a particularly tropism for mucosal surfaces: sinuses, airways, intestines; in cases of auto-toxicity or chronic states of infection with asthenia, use with Ribes nigrum GM + Juniperus communis GM Consider a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There is an underlying terrain that results in hyperimmunity, inflammation, and necrosis. Consider only the question of regulation of immunity, one may use Cornus sanguinea and Betula pubescens synergistically (Fig. 4.3). For a specific pulmonary tropism, one can add Plantago major, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and/or Corylus avellane gemmotherapy.
Liver: Kupffer cell activity 1. Alnus glutinosa (black alder bud gemmotherapy): cf. below 2. Betula pubescens (birch bud gemmotherapy, and, bark decoction): salutary hepatorenal drainer, antimicrobial, general depurative, improves feelings of mental and physical fatigue
FIG. 4.3 Synergistic activities of Cornus sanguinea and Betula pubescens for a hyperimmunity state with inflammation and necrosis. In the schematic, we return to the diagram demonstrating the role of the genito-thyroid index (cf. Fig. 3.17 for a full discussion), which will be elevated (neutrophils > lymphocytes) in the case of the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cited in the text. There will be a certain level of estrogenism that proliferates neutrophils, and a rapid response by TSH to stimulating T4, results in low serum TSH and increased activity of T4. The consequence is neutrophilia, inflammation, and hyperimmunity, which is what an elevated genito-thyroid index implicates. Finally, from the increased rate of inflammatory proteins and necrotic material, there will be a strain on the liver which can impair the activity of Kupffer cells of the MPS system. Cornus sanguinea addresses all these issues (green boxes). Due to the general hepatic congestion. Betula pubescens is complimentary as hepatorenal drainer. It also supports hepatic Kupffer cells. (© 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 53
Decongestants of the splanchnic system and associated viscera The portal vein is the venous drainage of the entire splanchnic system (Fig. 4.4). All nutrients and reabsorbed waste products flow to the liver via the portal vein. Portal congestion impacts hepatic function in structural and function roles, e.g., adaptation, immunity, nutrition, buffering capacity, etc. (Table 4.1). Congestion of the arterial circulation impairs immediate adaptation response and the liberation of leukocytes from the splanchnic bed (cf. Chapter 7). Splenic congestion is typically related to hepatosplenic congestion via the portal vein (Fig. 4.4). Congestion of the spleen can impair innate and adaptive immunity as well as the mobilization of platelets from the spleen (cf. platelet mobilization index, Chapter 1 and Fig. 1.4).
Adaptive immunity therapeutics Adaptive immunity is the branch of the immune system that reacts to specific threats to the organism. It involves T-lymphocytes, which implicates the thymus. It also involves B-lymphocytes, which implicates the bone marrow. B-lymphocytes produce immunoglobulins (Chapter 3). There are a number of medicinal plants that support adaptive immunity. The use of these plants is indicated by situations such as chronic Lyme disease, with low natural killer cells, or recurrent infections related to documented quantitative or relative states of immunoglobulin insufficiency.
TABLE 4.1 Decongestants of the splanchnic system and associated viscera Plant
Portal
Quercus pedunculata
•
Agrimonia eupatora
•
Cichorium intybus
•
Carduus marianus
•
Splanchnic
Splenic
•
Artemisia dracunculus
•
Matricaria recutita
•
Anthemis nobilis
•
Matricaria recutita
•
Tamarisk gallica
•
Ceanothus americanus
•
Quercus spiritus glandulosum (3x–9x)
•
Thymus, T cells 1. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola)
Lymphatics and lymphoid tissues 1. Melilotus officinalis (yellow sweet clover)
FIG. 4.4 Diagram of the splanchnic system. All waste products from the viscera and annexal glands enter via the portal vein into the liver before returning to the right atrium for recirculation. Here, we demonstrate the polyvalent role of Matricaria recutita (German Chamomile) as a hepato-splanchnic drainer, antiinflammatory, antihistaminic, and gastro-protectant. See Fig. 4.5 for a depiction of its central actions. (Modified and reproduced from Koeppen B, Stanton B. Berne and Levy Physiology. 6th ed. Elsevier © 2009.)
54 The Theory of Endobiogeny
2. Cupressus sempervirens (cypress): best used as an essential oil (EO) diluted topically over superficial lymphoid tissue or in tincture
Bone marrow: B-Lymphocytes 1. Ficus carica (fig bud) gemmotherapy: supports bone marrow in general and reduces overstimulation of the brain stem. Use when a hyperalpha state is implicated in immune deficiency, especially with an elevated thyroid relaunching and thyroid relaunching corrected index.
Gammaglobulins All below are gemmotherapy products helpful in states of hypogammaglobulinemia. They also have particular tropisms noted in the discussion. 1. Fagus sylvatica (beech tree bud): use in states of immune insufficiency related in part to emotional shock (+ Ficus carica GM + Sequoia gigantea GM + Ribes nigrum GM) or intense adaptive states (+ Ficus carica GM + Rosa canina GM); good tropism for hyperimmune conditions affecting kidneys and lungs. 2. Ficus carica (fig bud): consider in dysbiosis where there is chronic oversolicitation of brain stem (reticular activating system). 3. Cornus sanguinea (blood twig bud): also improves innate immune function (hepatic Kupffer cells); particularly helpful in hyperimmunity rooted in thyrotropic oversolicitation with necrosis and inflammation.
Emunctories Regulating efficient metabolic activity and synergistic drainage of emunctories serves as a general therapeutic strategy for all states of immunity. One will note some overlap with plants recommended for the MPS. The plants are listed based on the strength of their hepatobiliary drainage, not their antiinfectious properties.
Hepatobiliary Medicinal plants 1. Carduus marianus (milk thistle) 2. Cynara scolymus (artichoke leaf) 3. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) 4. Raphanus niger (black radish)
Oligoelement: Sulfur Sulfur is implicated in mitochondrial function.11 It is complexed to iron and to cysteine and plays a role in cytochrome p450 activity. Within the liver, this function is particularly
crucial in Phase 2 detoxification, which is the detoxification of hydrophilic toxins to be excreted by the kidney.12 1. Liver support (Phase 2 metabolism, cytochrome p450) 2. Increases bile production 3. Aids in cellular metabolism 4. Antiinflammatory 5. Regenerates connective tissue
Hepatorenal Hepatorenal drainers allow for the proper functioning of the liver and kidney. This allows the liver to metabolize toxins through both phases I and II and excrete lipophilic toxins via the colon and feces, and hydrophilic ones via the kidney. Birch (Betula pubescens) is a hepatorenal drainer with intrinsic immune properties (hepatic Kupffer cells), making it an efficient therapeutic for immune dysfunction. 1. Birch bud and bark (Betula pubescens)
Pancreas, exocrine, and endocrine These plants are the most efficient pancreatic plants, as they are dual pancreatropes, supporting the exocrine and endocrine pancreas and have an excellent tropism for the immune system. 1. Arctium lappa (burdock root): a truly polyvalent drainer and depurative with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity: a. Reduces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), increases macrophage activity, antiallergic: leukotriene inhibitor; antiinfectious (cutaneous and urinary): antibacterial, antifungal 2. Agrimonia eupatora (agrimony): ENT, pulmonary conditions, especially in children a. Antibacterial (Gram +) with ENT and pulmonary tropism, antiinflammatory, antihistamine 3. Juglans regia (black walnut): excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial with the deepest level of pancreatic equilibration a. antiseptic, antibacterial (staphylococcus, proteus), antimycotic, antiinfectious (ENT, pulmonary) 4. Salvia sclarea (clary sage): well tolerated in asthenic states of hypoimmunity; use cautiously in high doses in hyperestrogenic hyperimmune and autoimmune states. a. Antiinfectious broad spectrum: genital, urinary, ENT, antiinflammatory 5. Olea europaea (olive leaf, bud): a. Antiinfectious broad spectrum
Biology of functions indices related to immune function The biology of functions (BoF) utilizes specific aspects of cellular immunity (total white blood cell count and
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 55
TABLE 4.2 Indexes with elevated values favoring hyperimmunity
TABLE 4.3 Indexes with low values favoring hypoimmunity
Category
Index
Category
Index
Corticotropic
ACTH + adaptation index
Corticotropic
ACTH
Cortisol to adrenal cortex ratio < 1:1
Cortisol
Evoked histamine
Adrenal cortex
Leukocyte mobilization
Leukocyte mobilization
Platelet mobilization
Platelet mobilization
Adaptation-permissivity of the adrenal cortex (absolute value)
Adaptation-permissivity of the adrenal cortex
Inflammation
Inflammation (varies)
Gonadotropic
Estrogen index corrected
Gonadotropic
Estrogen index corrected
Thyrotropic
Genito-thyroid
Thyrotropic
Genito-thyroid
Somatotropic
Thyroid index (varies)
Thyroid index (normal or low)
Thyroid relaunching corrected
Thyroid relaunching corrected
Insulin
Somatotropic
Somatostatin (exocrine pancreas) (normal or low)
Somatostatin (exocrine pancreas) Redox
Redox
Noxious free radicals Carcinogenesis
Noxious free radicals
Interleukin-1 index Carcinogenesis
d ifferential of each general type of leukocyte). These cells are downstream markers of how various upstream regulators of the terrain have managed some aspect of structure or function (The Theory of Endobiogeny, Volume 1, Chapter 15). Evaluating the basic lab results is a direct evaluation of elements of immunity. Evaluating them through the algorithms of the BoF allows for an evaluation of how the neuroendocrine system may be playing a role in mobilization or regulation of immune elements. It also allows for an evaluation of the splanchnic bed and indirectly the liver. Table 4.2 presents indexes, which when elevated, favor hyperimmunity. Table 4.3 presents indexes, which when low (or normal but associated with other indexes in the group that are low) favor a state of hypoimmunity due to insufficient maturation and/or mobilization of immune cells. Indexes favoring splanchnic congestion are listed in Table 4.4.
Hypoimmunity therapeutics ANS: Beta-mimetic Improving beta-sympathetic activity liberates adaptive immune elements from the spleen. The following plants, as bulk herbs or EOs are particularly efficient and have
Insulin (normal or low)
Interleukin-1 index
TABLE 4.4 Indexes that favor splanchnic congestion Category
Index
Value
Significance
Buffering capacity
Leukocyte mobilization + platelet mobilization
↓
Due to hyperalpha state constriction of splanchnic bed that blocks beta
Somatotropic
Splanchnic congestion index
↓
Splanchnic congestion is adaptative and may impair mobilization of elements of immunity sequestered within the splanchnic system
Splanchnic congestion index
↑
Nutritional congestion such as during endometrial proliferation or childhood growth
56 The Theory of Endobiogeny
excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. As EOs they are an effective complement in a tincture.
Gonadotropic: General considerations
1. Thymus vulgaris (thyme) Parasympatholytic and spasmolytic: aids in re-establishing a proper sequencing of autonomic function and thus indirectly improving 2. Satureja montana (winter savory) 3. Cinnamoma zeylanicum (cinnamon)
The gonadotropic axis plays roles in both the structure and function of immunity and thus it can play three roles: (1) improve buffering capacity: increase elements in storage, (2) alter duration of immune function: rate of production of immune factors, and (3) alter rate of immune cells: activation and extravasation.
Corticotropic: General considerations
Gonadotropic: Central
In addition to adaptogenic and ANS therapies, corticotropic plants offer an efficient method of regulation of immune responsiveness. However, in certain cases, the therapy may remain symptomatic in nature. Thus, its important to be mindful of the role of the thyrotropic axis as well.
Relaunch pituitary activity, in particular follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), to improve the production of immune elements for the integrity and safety of the organism. 1. Inula helenium (elecampane)
Corticotropic: Central: General
Gonadotropic: Peripheral
1. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola)
Estrogenic
Corticotropic: Central: ACTH
1. Angelica archangelica (angelica) 2. Avena sativa (milky oat seed) 3. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon)
1. Ocimum basilicum (basil): relaunches adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) activity and the general functioning of the adrenal cortex
Androgenic 1. Eleuthrococcus senticossus (Eleuthrococcus) 2. Zingiber officinale (ginger)
Corticotropic: Peripheral: General tropism All states of immune dysregulation: these plants are the most efficient for general regulation of immune activity. They increase global adrenal cortex function, including cortisol, and can regulate ACTH through cortisol-like feedback mechanisms. These plants work best as gemmomacerate preparations. 1. Ribes nigrum (cassis) 2. Rosa canina (dog rose) 3. Quercus pedunculata (oak) 4. Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary)
Corticotropic: Peripheral: Specific immune tropism These plants support the functioning of the adrenal cortex but also have particular antimicrobial activity. These plants are best used to complement the above plants when there is a known active infection be it acute or chronic, virulent or low grade. They are best used as EOs in a tincture. 1. Abies balsamea (balsam fir GM, EO): particularly helpful for bone infections, and in children with recurrent infections as a gemmomacerate 2. Thymus vulgaris (thyme EO, BH) 3. Satureja montana (savory EO, BH)
Thyrotropic: Central Relaunch alpha-sympathetic activity to relaunch thyrotropic activity. 1. Citrus limon (lemon EO) 2. Salvia officinalis (Dalmatian Sage)
Thyrotropic: Peripheral Improve peripheral thyroid activity 1. Avena sativa (milky oat seed) 2. Zingiber officinale (ginger)
Thyro-somatotropic: General considerations The general approach is to regulate prolactin activity in and of itself for its immunostimulatory activity, regulation of gonadotropic activity and its stimulatory activity on the endocrine pancreas (i.e., insulin).
Thyro-somatotropic: Central Stimulate prolactin activity 1. Sambucus nigra (elderberry leaf and berry): excellent antiviral activity, well tolerated in children
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 57
Thyro-somatotropic: Peripheral Improve insulin sensitivity at the cell membrane level to reduce oversolicitation of the exocrine pancreas.
#3a: Oligoelements in ACUTE hypoimmunity states ●
Medicinal plants 1. Juglans regia (walnut) 2. Agrimonia eupatora (agrimony) 3. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon)
Oligoelement
Cu-Ag-Au: ● Day 1: 1 ampule every 4 h ● Day 2: 1 ampule every 6 h ● Days 3–5: 1 ampule every 8 h ● Day 6-resolution: 1 ampule every 12 h
#2b: Immuno-drainage in CHRONIC hypoimmunity states
This recipe can be used for immuno-drainage in chronic 1. Magnesium (Mg) oligoelement states of hypoimmunity. a. Improves insulin sensitivity at the cell membrane b. Alters cellular response threshold to alpha- ● Betula pubescens bud GM 40 mL sympathetic activity ● Fagus sylvatica bud GM 20 mL (Renal drainage, immunoglobulin support) Recipes for Hypoimmune states: acute or ● Melilotus officinalis plant MT 20 mL (Lymphatic drainage through reduction of alpha-sympathetic congestion) chronic infectious states with fatigue ● Agrimonia eupatora leaf MT 40 mLl #1: Neuroendocrine terrain of hypoimmunity ● Thymus vulgaris ct. linalool leaf EO 3 mL
and fatigue ●
●
●
●
●
Rhodiola rosea root mother tincture (MT) 40 mL (Adaptogen) Ribes nigrum bud glycerin macerate of bud (GM) 50 mL (Adrenal cortex support) Zingiber officinale root MT 30 mL (Adreno-androgenthyroid support) Satureja ssp. leaf EO 2 mL (Adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla support) Thymus vulgaris ct. linalool leaf EO 1 mL (Adrenal cortex, parasympatholytic) Posology:
●
●
Acute: 4 mL 2–3 times per day for 14 days or until symptoms resolve Chronic: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms resolve
#2a: Immuno-drainage in ACUTE hypoimmunity states This is the second of three aspects of the treatment. This treatment focuses on immune support and emunctory drainage. ●
●
●
●
Betula pubescens bud GM 40 mL (Hepatorenal drainage and Kupffer cell support) Agrimonia eupatora leaf MT 40 mL (Hepatobiliarypancreatic-immune support) Arctium lappa root MT 40 mL (Immunomodulation, hepato-pancreatic support) Artemisia dracunculus leaf EO 3 mL (Immunosplanchnic drainage)
Posology: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 14 days or until symptoms resolve.
Posology: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms resolve.
#3b: Oligoelements in CHRONIC hypoimmunity states ●
Sulfur: 1 ampule 2–3 times per day before meals
Hyperimmunity therapeutics ANS: Parasympatholytic, alphasympatholytic These plants can reduce the general level of activity of the immune system. In various forms, especially as EOs and tisanes, are quite efficient for their direct antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activity as well. 1. Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) (Fig. 4.5). 2. Origanum vulgare (oregano) 3. Thymus vulgaris (thyme) 4. Satureja montana (savory)
ANS: Alphasympatholytic 1. Melissa officinalis (Melissa) 2. Passiflora incarnata (passionflower) 3. Crataegus oxycantha (hawthorn)
ANS: Parasympatholytic 1. Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon)
Corticotropic: General considerations After adaptogenic therapies, corticotropic plants offer an efficient method of regulating immune response. However,
58 The Theory of Endobiogeny
FIG. 4.5 The role of Matricaria recutita on the hyperimmune terrain. Matricaria recutita directly inhibits both alpha sympathetic (αΣ) and ACTH and all that that implies. It also inhibits histamines and is antiinflammatory. To synergize, if indicated, one can also directly inhibit TRH with a plant such as Fabiana imbricata. See Fig. 4.4 for a depiction of Matricaria recutita within the splanchnic system. (© 2015 Systems Biology Research Group.)
in certain cases, the therapy may remain symptomatic in nature. Thus, it is important to be mindful of the role of the thyrotropic axis as well.
They increase global adrenal cortex function, including cortisol, and can regulate ACTH through cortisol-like feedback mechanisms. What is listed is in reference to the gemmomacerate preparations.
Corticotropic: Central: General 1. Rhodiola rosea (Rhodiola)
1. Ribes nigrum (cassis bud) 2. Rosa canina (dog rose bud) 3. Quercus pedunculata (oak bud)
Corticotropic: Central: ACTH
Gonadotropic: General considerations
1. Matricaria recutita (German chamomile): reduces ACTH; use in cases of elevated histamine receptors, and states of eosinophilia and basophilia such as extrinsic asthma and eczema It will be noted that Matricaria recutita has been mentioned in three different sections of therapeutics related to immunity. The sum total of its effects is particularly indicated in states of hyperimmunity, but also states of blocked adaptability. People who have a hard time transitioning to new situations, who become sick easily, who have a low leukocyte or platelet mobilization index, and especially if both are diminished. On the following page, its effects on central and peripheral adaptation are graphically demonstrated.
The gonadotropic axis plays roles in both the structure and function of immunity and thus it can play three roles:
Corticotropic: Peripheral: General tropism All states of immune dysregulation: These plants are the most efficient for general regulation of immune activity.
1. Improve buffering capacity a. Increase elements in storage 2. Alter duration of immune function a. Rate of production of immune factors 3. Alter rate of immune function a. Activation of immune cells b. Extravasation of immune cells
Gonadotropic: Central Reduce central overstimulation to reduce the rate of production of immune factors and their activation and extravasation. 1. Borago officinalis (borage) 2. Lithospermum officinalis (stone seed) 3. Lycopus europaeus (gypsywort)
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 59
Gonadotropic: Peripheral Reduce estrogen activity 1. Vitex agnus castus (chaste tree) 2. Rubus idaeus (young shoots of the raspberry bush gemmotherapy)
Thyrotropic: Central Reduce central thyrotropic activity, both thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH.
Recipes for hyperimmune states: Eczema, allergies #1: Neuroendocrine terrain of hyperimmune states ●
●
●
Inula helenium MT 40 mL (pituitary support, anti-allergic) Ribes nigrum bud GM 40 mL (adrenal cortex, anti- allergic support) Achillea millefolium MT 40 mL (Anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, anti-septic. Progesteronic, to regulate estrogen's influence on immune fabrication) Lavandula angustafolia EO 2.5 mL (reduces hyper functioning ANS, anti-allergic, stabilizes mast cell degranulation)
1. Fabiana imbricata (pichi) 2. Leonurus cardiaca (motherwort) 3. Lithospermum officinalis (stone seed) 4. Lycopus europaeus (gypsywort)
●
Thyrotropic: Peripheral
Posology: 2–4 mL, 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms have resolved.
Inhibit central thyrotropic activity (cf. above) or directly inhibit peripheral thyroid activity. 1. Lycopus europaeus (gypsywort) 2. Fabiana imbricata (pichi) 3. Brassica oleracea (cabbage)
Thyro-somatotropic: General considerations The general approach is to regulate prolactin activity in and of itself for its immunostimulatory activity, regulation of gonadotropic activity and its stimulatory activity on the endocrine pancreas (i.e., insulin).
Thyro-somatotropic: Central Regulate the growth hormone-prolactin relationship.
#2: Drainage for hyperimmune states ●
●
●
●
Matricaria recutita MT 60 mL (hepato-splanchnic drainage, anti-inflammatory, anti-histaminic, anti-inflammatory) Arctium lappa MT 20 mL (depurative, hepato-pancreatic support, immune modulation) Agrimonia eupatora MT 20 mL (hepatobiliary- pancreatic support, anti-histaminic, ENT and pulmonary infectious tropism) Plantago major leaf 20 mL (hepatobiliary-exocrine pancreatic support, ENT drainage, pulmonary tropism, immune modulating)
#3: Oligoelements
1. Hyperalpha sympathetic state with hyperinsulinism and low GH a. Lamium album (white deadnettle) 2. Hyperdopaminergic relaunching of prolactin with adrenal cortex insufficiency a. Fragaria vesca (strawberry leaf)
1. Mg oligoelement: 1 ampule twice per day
Thyro-somatotropic: Peripheral
#1: Neuroendocrine terrain of autoimmune states
Medicinal plants Reduce exocrine pancreas oversolicitation. 1. Juglans regia (walnut) 2. Agrimonia eupatora (agrimony)
#4: Vitamins 2. Potassium ascorbate 3 g twice per day
Recipes for autoimmune states
●
●
Oligoelement 1. Magnesium (Mg) oligoelement a. Improves insulin sensitivity at the cell membrane b. Alters cellular response threshold to alpha- sympathetic activity
●
Lithospermum officinalis MT 40 mL (inhibits central drivers of gonado-thyrotropic stimulation of immune fabrication and activity: FSH, TRH, TSH) Lycopus europaeus MT 40 mL (inhibits central drivers of gonado-thyrotropic stimulation of immune fabrication and activity: FSH, TRH, TSH) Leonorus cardiaca MT 40 mL (inhibits central drivers of cortico-thyrotropic stimulation of immune f abrication and activity: inhibits Alpha, TRH, Cortisol fixation to receptors)
60 The Theory of Endobiogeny
●
Eschscholzia californica MT 40 mL, (endorphin support #4: Vitamins to inhibit TRH, use when βMSH/αMSH index elevated) or, Passiflora incarnata flower MT (reduces alpha and 5. Alternative to Mn-Co: B12 (as hydroxy- or methylcobalamine) 1000–2000 μg AM and mid-afternoon improves GABA activity, reduces adrenal cortex over- stimulation; use when βMSH/αMSH index is less than 3.5)
Alimentation and immune modulation
Posology: 2–4 mL 2–3 times per day for 3–6 months or until symptoms have resolved.
Numerous vitamins and minerals are associated with the normal regulation of the immune system, both directly and indirectly through their influence on the production and activity of neuroendocrine function. In states of debilitation, the presentation of immune-boosting foods as broths and juices can offer nutrients in a form easy to assimilate. In states of convalescence, the same foods can be blended, steamed, or eaten raw. Perhaps, the most beneficial of all foods is raw garlic, swallowed whole. A general list of foods with nutrients favorable for support of immunity is listed in Table 4.5. For children in the summer, a popsicle can be made of fresh squeezed lemon juice, water, honey, ginger and
#2: Drainage for autoimmune states ●
● ●
Carduus marianus MT 60 mL (hepatic drainage in face of demand for metabolism of inflammatory proteins) Agrimonia eupatora MT 30 mL Plantago major MT 30 mL
#3: Oligoelements 3. Mn-Co oligoelement: 1 ampule twice per day AM and mid afternoon 4. Li oligoelement 1 ampule twice per day AM and before bed
TABLE 4.5 Foods containing nutrients that support immunity Zn
Se
S
Fruits
Apples
•
•
Avocados
•
•
Berries
•
•
•
•
Bananas Vegetables
B Vitamins
Phytonutrients
Food
Kiwi
Mg
Vitamins A, E
Class
•
•
•
Sprouts
•
•
•
•
Endive
•
•
Tomato
•
•
Carrots
•
Gourds
•
Dark leafy greens (Best: spinach, collard greens, kale)
•
•
Onions, garlic
•
•
Cabbage, broccoli
•
•
Grains
Buckwheat
•
Nuts and seeds
Flax, sesame, pumpkin, sunflower
•
Spices
Turmeric, ginger
Others
Brewer’s yeast Fermented drinks Fermented foods
Probiotics
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
•
• •
A general Endobiogenic approach to regulation of the immune system Chapter | 4 61
clove. It can also be served warm to children or adults in colder seasons. To make four cups, one combines the following ingredients: juice of one lemon (vitamin C, bioflavanoids, antioxidant, antiviral), four cups water, ½ cup honey (anticough, antiinflammatory, antibiotic), ¼ tsp. ginger powder (antiinflammatory, antibiotic, immune stimulant), and a dash clove (antiinflammatory, antibiotic, immune stimulant). Heat water under medium heat. Add honey until dissolved. Add ginger and clove. Remove from stovetop. In the winter, serve warm. In the summer, cool to room temperature, poor in a popsicle mold, freeze, then serve.
Conclusions The immune system is a critical element that helps ensure the survival of the organism. It has both proactive and reactive elements. The immune system is complex with several elements present in local and regional areas as well as systemically. They are also present on the envelope, the middle, and interior of the organism. Both the structure and function of the immune system is closely regulated by neuroendocrine factors and emunctory function. Various levels of improper immune function can result in a host of disorders that are of a classically immune nature or in which immune function is implicated in the persistence or exacerbation of the disorder. The most efficient therapeutic approach to immunity is through assessment and treatment of the precise factors of terrain most implicated in the level of dysfunction.
References 1. McNeely IF. Medicine on a Grand Scale: Rudolf Virchow, Liberalism, and the Public Health. Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine; 2002. 2. Lyons AS, Petrucelli RJ. Medicine: An Illustrated History. New York: Abradale Press/H.N. Abrams; 1987. 3. Rossolini GM, Arena F, Pecile P, Pollini S. Update on the antibiotic resistance crisis. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014;18:56–60. 4. Velicer CM, Heckbert SR, Lampe JW, Potter JD, Robertson CA, Taplin SH. Antibiotic use in relation to the risk of breast cancer. JAMA. 2004;291(7):827–835. 5. Velicer CM, Heckbert SR, Rutter C, Lampe JW, Malone K. Association between antibiotic use prior to breast cancer diagnosis and breast tumour characteristics (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17(3):307–313. 6. Sutcliffe S, Giovannucci E, Isaacs WB, Willett WC, Platz EA. Acne and risk of prostate cancer. J Int Cancer. 2007;121(12):2688–2692. 7. Bleakney TL. Deconstructing an adaptogen: Eleutherococcus senticosus. Holist Nurs Pract. 2008;22(4):220–224. 8. Davydov M, Krikorian AD. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & maxim.) maxim. (Araliaceae) as an adaptogen: a closer look. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;72(3):345–393. 9. Kelly GS. Rhodiola rosea: a possible plant adaptogen. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6(3):293–302. 10. Pooja BAS, Khanum F. Anti-inflammatory activity of Rhodiola rosea— a second-generation adaptogen. Phytother Res. 2009;23(8):1099–1102. 11. Lesnefsky E, Chen Q, Tandler B, Hopper C. Mitochondrial bioenergetics in the heart. In: Vasan R, Sawyer B, eds. Encyclopedia of Cardiovascular Research and Medicine. Elsevier; 2018. 12. Liston HL, Markowitz JS, DeVane CL. Drug glucuronidation in clinical psychopharmacology. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001;21(5):500–515.