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A morphometric study of the third ventricle of brain with magnetic resonance imaging
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 66S (2017) S1–S78
of variations will be help in localizing the appendix during an emergency appendicectomy operation Aim of the study: To determine the frequency of the various positions of the appendix, the average length, and breadth and extent of mesoappendix.
Conflicts of interest
• To determine the frequency of shape of caecum in both sex. • To find out the average distance of appendicular orifice to ileocaecal orifice correlate the same with the previous author’s.
187
Materials and methods: Study was carried out on 20 adult cadavers (male – 13, female – 7). The cadavers were obtained from the Department of anatomy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad. Maharashtra. Direction of the tip of the appendix with its length, breadth and position were tabulated. One “Horseshoe shaped” appendix in male cadaver was found these excluded from study. So final study was carried on 19 cadavers (male – 1 2, female – 7). Results and observation: The position of caecum and vermiform appendix in adult cadavers was found to be in the right iliac fossa in both sex. Average length of vermiform appendix was 5.42 cm (in males – 5.13 cm and 5.71 cm in female). Average breadth of vermiform appendix at the level of base was 2.1 mm in 15.7% of cadavers meso-appendix failed to reach appendicular tip. Average distance of appendicular orifice from ileocaecal orifice was 1.80 cm. (In males it was 1.70 cm and in females it was 1.91 cm). Most common shape of caecum was adult 68.4% exaggerated 15.8%, fetal 10.5% and infantile 5.3%. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.192 186 Morphological variations of superficial palmar arch
S61
The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.193
Splenomesenteric trunk-computed tomographic study C.S. Ramesh Babu ∗ , O.P. Gupta Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, India Background: Splenic artery is a relatively constant branch of celiac trunk and its variations are rare. One of the rarest variations is the occurrence of splenomesenteric trunk, common origin of splenic and superior mesenteric arteries, with an occurrence rate of less than 1.0%. Materials & methods: We present here incidental observation of splenomesenteric trunk in three patients while retrospectively analysing contrast enhanced computed tomographic scans of 960 patients (491 males and 469 females). Observations: The splenomesenteric trunk was observed in two male and one female patient with an incidence of 0.31%. Common hepatic and left gastric arteries were arising as a common hepatogastric trunk. In one male patient the splenic artery originating from the splenomesenteric trunk was giving rise to inferior pancreaticoduodenl artery. Discussion: Presence of splenomesenteric and hepatogastric trunks represents a variant anatomy of both celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries classified as Type IVIII of Morita’s classification. Combined review of 36 studies involving a total of 9829 cases by Panagouli et al. (2013) revealed the occurrence of splenomesenteric trunk in 0.09% cases (9/9829 cases). Splenic artery from splenomesenteric trunk has a variable relationship with pancreas and the splenic vein. Visceral artery aneurysms affect splenic artery in about 60% cases and the aberrant splenic artery may also develop aneurysms close to its origin.
Sireesha Barika Andhra Medical College, Visakhaptnam, India Introduction: The traditional definition of superficial palmar arch consists of anastomosis between the superficial palmar branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. The study of superficial palmar arch and its variations has been reported rarely. And the purpose of the study is to provide assessment of anatomical variations in superficial palmar arch. Materials and methods: A total of about 20 upper limbs have been dissected which were obtained from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, out of which 15 males and 5 females aged between 50 and 80 years and the vascular pattern of superficial palmar arch has been studied. Results: The complete formation of superficial palmar arch was found in 18 and 2 hands showed incomplete arch. This indicates that the incidence of complete and incomplete formation of superficial palmar arch are 95% and 5% respectively. Conclusion: The variations found in the study will help not only to the anatomists but also microvascular and orthopedic surgeons. The understanding of variant arterial arches is helpful in microsurgical procedures like reconstructive hand operations.
Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.194 188 A morphometric study of the third ventricle of brain with magnetic resonance imaging Punnose Kurian Kattil ∗ , B.M. Akshay, Chandni Gupta, Sneha Guruprasad, Antony Sylvan D’Souza, K.V. Rajagopal Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India Introduction: The brain undergoes many gross and pathological changes with advancing age, and also in various dementias, with regression of brain tissues. Ventricular enlargement is a sensitive indicator of cortical atrophy due to increasing age and dementia. The dimensions of the third ventricle also enlarge in various types of hydrocephalus. Aim/Objective: The aim of present morphometric study is to examine the range of dimensions of the normal third ventricular cavity and its variations with age and sex.
S62
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 66S (2017) S1–S78
Methodology/experiments: Present study was conducted at Department of Radio-diagnostics, Kasturba Medical College, and Manipal. MRI scans of 100 individuals were examined for various morphometric measurements of the third ventricle. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated. Results: The mean values for height, A.P diameter and width of the third ventricle in males was found to be 1.95, 2.31 and 0.47 respectively and for the female population it was seen to be 1.91, 2.25 and 0.43 for the same parameters. Conclusion: This study was conducted to examine the size of normal ventricular system of brain in a normal population of males and females and to examine if there existed any relationship with gender and other clinical correlations. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.195 189 Relation between renal length and height of an individual using computed tomography L. Paul ∗ , S. Talhar, S.K. Kale, M.R. Shende, J.E. Waghmare MGIMS, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between renal length and height of an individual as estimation of renal length is a pre-requisite for analyzing the health status of the kidney. Materials and methods: We reviewed abdominal CT scans of 70 individuals between the ages of 22 years to 79 years without any known renal pathology. Renal length was calculated by using CT scan images of abdomen considering the maximum longitudinal length in coronal section parallel to the renal long axis. Result: The mean renal length was 9.38 cm on left side and 9.1 cm on right side for the total study population of 70 individuals. We found significant relationship between right renal length and height of an individual in combined group consisting of both males and females (R2 = 0.22) whereas we did not find any relationship between left renal length and height of an individual in combined group (R2 = 0.092). Conclusions: It was concluded from the study that renal length correlates significantly with height of an individual in case of right side. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.196
190 Sonographic measurement of umbilical cord parameters and its relation with fetal age and size Swagata Bhattacharya ∗ , Sumita Sinha, Alpana De Bose, Anirban Sadhu, Debabrata Maity, Senjuti Khanra R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Introduction: The sonographic cross sectional study was to determine the curve for umbilical cord diameter, cross sectional area and umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio with respect to fetal age and weight in primigravida. Materials and methods: 54 uneventful pregnancies of second and third trimester were studied. SPSS v17, IBM, Chicago, were used for statistical analysis and polynomial regression equations were calculated. Results: The diameter and cord area increased significantly with fetal age and weight upto 32 weeks and 2 kgs respectively, thereafter a plateau was seen. The umbilical artery s/d (systolic/diastolic) ratio decreased with that of fetal age and weight. The regression equation of umbilical cord diameter to GA: y = −0.018 × 2 + 1.290x − 9.418 (R2 = 0.585) and that of cord area to GA: y = −0.283 × 2 + 1.361x + 0.581 (R2 = 0.477) Discussion: The increase in cord diameter and area may be due to increase in rate of growth of fetus which falls after 40 weeks or 2 kgs. The decrease in s/d ratio of umbilical artery may be due to increase in diastolic flow as the fetus grows, since it receives most of its blood in diastole. Umbilical diameter and cross sectional area may be used for calculation of fetal age and weight in primigravida mostly for second trimester. The s/d ratio forumbilical artery may be used for a longer period. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.197 191 Theil embalming: Atropical twist Minnie Pillay ∗ , Subramania Iyer, Krishnakumar Thankappan, Raghuveer Reddy Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, India Background: Surgical and anatomical training has been found to be most optimally simulated in a cadaver. Soft embalming methods have made bodies more “life like” and better suited for training. The widely accepted soft embalming techniques, including Theil embalming, are designed for temperate climates. Their use in tropical locations is associated with poor short term and long term preservation of bodies. This study details the modifications made in the Theil embalming technique which has enabled us to preserve the anatomical features of bodies in an optimal way for longer periods in tropical conditions, and allowing their repeated use for various surgical simulation exercises. Materials & methods: Seven cadavers were embalmed using conventional Theil method over a period of 2 years but the bodies could not be retained as they started decaying. Hence we tried modifying the technique by increasing the formalin content from .8% to 4% and storing the bodies at 4 ◦ C. The modified technique
of variations will be help in localizing the appendix during an emergency appendicectomy operation Aim of the study: To determine the frequency of the various positions of the appendix, the average length, and breadth and extent of mesoappendix.
Conflicts of interest
• To determine the frequency of shape of caecum in both sex. • To find out the average distance of appendicular orifice to ileocaecal orifice correlate the same with the previous author’s.
187
Materials and methods: Study was carried out on 20 adult cadavers (male – 13, female – 7). The cadavers were obtained from the Department of anatomy, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad. Maharashtra. Direction of the tip of the appendix with its length, breadth and position were tabulated. One “Horseshoe shaped” appendix in male cadaver was found these excluded from study. So final study was carried on 19 cadavers (male – 1 2, female – 7). Results and observation: The position of caecum and vermiform appendix in adult cadavers was found to be in the right iliac fossa in both sex. Average length of vermiform appendix was 5.42 cm (in males – 5.13 cm and 5.71 cm in female). Average breadth of vermiform appendix at the level of base was 2.1 mm in 15.7% of cadavers meso-appendix failed to reach appendicular tip. Average distance of appendicular orifice from ileocaecal orifice was 1.80 cm. (In males it was 1.70 cm and in females it was 1.91 cm). Most common shape of caecum was adult 68.4% exaggerated 15.8%, fetal 10.5% and infantile 5.3%. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.192 186 Morphological variations of superficial palmar arch
S61
The author has none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.193
Splenomesenteric trunk-computed tomographic study C.S. Ramesh Babu ∗ , O.P. Gupta Muzaffarnagar Medical College, Muzaffarnagar, India Background: Splenic artery is a relatively constant branch of celiac trunk and its variations are rare. One of the rarest variations is the occurrence of splenomesenteric trunk, common origin of splenic and superior mesenteric arteries, with an occurrence rate of less than 1.0%. Materials & methods: We present here incidental observation of splenomesenteric trunk in three patients while retrospectively analysing contrast enhanced computed tomographic scans of 960 patients (491 males and 469 females). Observations: The splenomesenteric trunk was observed in two male and one female patient with an incidence of 0.31%. Common hepatic and left gastric arteries were arising as a common hepatogastric trunk. In one male patient the splenic artery originating from the splenomesenteric trunk was giving rise to inferior pancreaticoduodenl artery. Discussion: Presence of splenomesenteric and hepatogastric trunks represents a variant anatomy of both celiac trunk and superior mesenteric arteries classified as Type IVIII of Morita’s classification. Combined review of 36 studies involving a total of 9829 cases by Panagouli et al. (2013) revealed the occurrence of splenomesenteric trunk in 0.09% cases (9/9829 cases). Splenic artery from splenomesenteric trunk has a variable relationship with pancreas and the splenic vein. Visceral artery aneurysms affect splenic artery in about 60% cases and the aberrant splenic artery may also develop aneurysms close to its origin.
Sireesha Barika Andhra Medical College, Visakhaptnam, India Introduction: The traditional definition of superficial palmar arch consists of anastomosis between the superficial palmar branches of the radial and ulnar arteries. The study of superficial palmar arch and its variations has been reported rarely. And the purpose of the study is to provide assessment of anatomical variations in superficial palmar arch. Materials and methods: A total of about 20 upper limbs have been dissected which were obtained from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, out of which 15 males and 5 females aged between 50 and 80 years and the vascular pattern of superficial palmar arch has been studied. Results: The complete formation of superficial palmar arch was found in 18 and 2 hands showed incomplete arch. This indicates that the incidence of complete and incomplete formation of superficial palmar arch are 95% and 5% respectively. Conclusion: The variations found in the study will help not only to the anatomists but also microvascular and orthopedic surgeons. The understanding of variant arterial arches is helpful in microsurgical procedures like reconstructive hand operations.
Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.194 188 A morphometric study of the third ventricle of brain with magnetic resonance imaging Punnose Kurian Kattil ∗ , B.M. Akshay, Chandni Gupta, Sneha Guruprasad, Antony Sylvan D’Souza, K.V. Rajagopal Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India Introduction: The brain undergoes many gross and pathological changes with advancing age, and also in various dementias, with regression of brain tissues. Ventricular enlargement is a sensitive indicator of cortical atrophy due to increasing age and dementia. The dimensions of the third ventricle also enlarge in various types of hydrocephalus. Aim/Objective: The aim of present morphometric study is to examine the range of dimensions of the normal third ventricular cavity and its variations with age and sex.
S62
Abstracts / Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 66S (2017) S1–S78
Methodology/experiments: Present study was conducted at Department of Radio-diagnostics, Kasturba Medical College, and Manipal. MRI scans of 100 individuals were examined for various morphometric measurements of the third ventricle. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated. Results: The mean values for height, A.P diameter and width of the third ventricle in males was found to be 1.95, 2.31 and 0.47 respectively and for the female population it was seen to be 1.91, 2.25 and 0.43 for the same parameters. Conclusion: This study was conducted to examine the size of normal ventricular system of brain in a normal population of males and females and to examine if there existed any relationship with gender and other clinical correlations. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.195 189 Relation between renal length and height of an individual using computed tomography L. Paul ∗ , S. Talhar, S.K. Kale, M.R. Shende, J.E. Waghmare MGIMS, Sevagram, Maharashtra, India Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between renal length and height of an individual as estimation of renal length is a pre-requisite for analyzing the health status of the kidney. Materials and methods: We reviewed abdominal CT scans of 70 individuals between the ages of 22 years to 79 years without any known renal pathology. Renal length was calculated by using CT scan images of abdomen considering the maximum longitudinal length in coronal section parallel to the renal long axis. Result: The mean renal length was 9.38 cm on left side and 9.1 cm on right side for the total study population of 70 individuals. We found significant relationship between right renal length and height of an individual in combined group consisting of both males and females (R2 = 0.22) whereas we did not find any relationship between left renal length and height of an individual in combined group (R2 = 0.092). Conclusions: It was concluded from the study that renal length correlates significantly with height of an individual in case of right side. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.196
190 Sonographic measurement of umbilical cord parameters and its relation with fetal age and size Swagata Bhattacharya ∗ , Sumita Sinha, Alpana De Bose, Anirban Sadhu, Debabrata Maity, Senjuti Khanra R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India Introduction: The sonographic cross sectional study was to determine the curve for umbilical cord diameter, cross sectional area and umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio with respect to fetal age and weight in primigravida. Materials and methods: 54 uneventful pregnancies of second and third trimester were studied. SPSS v17, IBM, Chicago, were used for statistical analysis and polynomial regression equations were calculated. Results: The diameter and cord area increased significantly with fetal age and weight upto 32 weeks and 2 kgs respectively, thereafter a plateau was seen. The umbilical artery s/d (systolic/diastolic) ratio decreased with that of fetal age and weight. The regression equation of umbilical cord diameter to GA: y = −0.018 × 2 + 1.290x − 9.418 (R2 = 0.585) and that of cord area to GA: y = −0.283 × 2 + 1.361x + 0.581 (R2 = 0.477) Discussion: The increase in cord diameter and area may be due to increase in rate of growth of fetus which falls after 40 weeks or 2 kgs. The decrease in s/d ratio of umbilical artery may be due to increase in diastolic flow as the fetus grows, since it receives most of its blood in diastole. Umbilical diameter and cross sectional area may be used for calculation of fetal age and weight in primigravida mostly for second trimester. The s/d ratio forumbilical artery may be used for a longer period. Conflicts of interest The authors have none to declare. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.197 191 Theil embalming: Atropical twist Minnie Pillay ∗ , Subramania Iyer, Krishnakumar Thankappan, Raghuveer Reddy Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita University, Kochi, India Background: Surgical and anatomical training has been found to be most optimally simulated in a cadaver. Soft embalming methods have made bodies more “life like” and better suited for training. The widely accepted soft embalming techniques, including Theil embalming, are designed for temperate climates. Their use in tropical locations is associated with poor short term and long term preservation of bodies. This study details the modifications made in the Theil embalming technique which has enabled us to preserve the anatomical features of bodies in an optimal way for longer periods in tropical conditions, and allowing their repeated use for various surgical simulation exercises. Materials & methods: Seven cadavers were embalmed using conventional Theil method over a period of 2 years but the bodies could not be retained as they started decaying. Hence we tried modifying the technique by increasing the formalin content from .8% to 4% and storing the bodies at 4 ◦ C. The modified technique