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A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract in men
incidence by age, sex, and source of ignition for deaths and nonfatal injuries suggests appropriate targets for future fire-injury prevention programs.
Christen, J. E. Munson, J. M. Seddon, R. J. Glynn, J. E. Buring, B. Rosner, and C. H. Hennekens. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268(8), 989-993.
A Prospective Study of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Cataract Surgery in Women. S. E. Hankinson, W C. Willett, G. A. Colditz,
Objective. To examine the association between cigarette smoking and the incidence of cataract.
J. M. Seadon, B. Rosner, E E. Speizer, and M. J. Stampfer: Journal of the American Medical Association, 268(8), 994-998. Objective. To examine, prospectively, the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cataract extraction in women. Design. Prospectively cohort study beginning in 1980 with 8 years of follow-up. Setting. United States, multistate. Participants. Registered nurses 45-67 years of age and free of diagnosed cancer. There were 50,828 women included in 1980 and others were added as they reached 45 years of age. Main outcome measures. senile cataract extraction.
Incidence
of
Results. We documented 493 incident senile cataracts diagnosed and extracted during 470,302 person-years of follow-up. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) among women who smoked at least 65 pack-years was 1.63 (95% confidence level [CI], 1.18-2.26; P for trend, .02). A similar increase in RR was noted when smoking was assessed in terms of number of cigarettes currently smoked or number of cigarettes smoked by past smokers. Results were also similar after adjusting for other potential risk factors for cataract. Smoking was also strongly associated with posterior subcapsular cataract specifically (RR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.49-4.50 for 2 65-pack-year smokers relative to nonsmokers). Conclusion. Smoking appears to increase the risk of cataract extraction. A Prospective Study of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Cataract in Men. W. G.
Summer1993NoIwne 24Ahmber 2
Design, setting, and participants. The design was a prospective cohort study, using data from the Physicians’ Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin and beta carotene among 22,071 U.S. male physicians ages 40-84 years that began in 1982. This analysis includes the 17,824 physicians who did not report cataract at baseline and did provide complete risk-factor information. Based on information reported at baseline, 10% were current smokers, 39% were past smokers, and 5 1% were never smokers. Main outcome measure. An incident cataract was defined as a self-report confiied by medical record review to have been first diagnosed after randomization, age-related in origin, and responsible for a decrease in best corrected visual acuity to 20/30 or worse. Main results. During 60 months of followup, 557 incident cataracts among 371 participants were confirmed. Compared with never smokers, current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had a statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract (relative risk [RR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-3.20; P < .OOl). Similar results were obtained after simultaneously controlling for other potential cataract risk factors in a logistic regression model (RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.38-3.05; P < .OOl). Among the 557 eyes with cataract, nuclear sclerotic changes were present in 442, while posterior subcapsular changes were present in 204. After controlling for other potential cataract risk factors, current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had statistically significant increases in nuclear sclerosis (RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.47-3.41; P < .OOl) and posterior subcapular (RR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.81-5.53; P < .OOl) cataract. Past smokers had an elevated risk of posterior subcapsular (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.97 to 2.13; P = .07) but not nuclear sclerosis cataract. For 129
current smokers of fewer than 20 cigarettes per day, no increased risks were observed of total, nuclear sclerosis, or posterior subcapsular cataract.
Conclusians. These data provide support for the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing both nuclear sclerosis and posterior subcapsular cataxact.
Christen, J. E. Munson, J. M. Seddon, R. J. Glynn, J. E. Buring, B. Rosner, and C. H. Hennekens. Journal of the American Medical Association, 268(8), 989-993.
A Prospective Study of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Cataract Surgery in Women. S. E. Hankinson, W C. Willett, G. A. Colditz,
Objective. To examine the association between cigarette smoking and the incidence of cataract.
J. M. Seadon, B. Rosner, E E. Speizer, and M. J. Stampfer: Journal of the American Medical Association, 268(8), 994-998. Objective. To examine, prospectively, the association between cigarette smoking and the risk of cataract extraction in women. Design. Prospectively cohort study beginning in 1980 with 8 years of follow-up. Setting. United States, multistate. Participants. Registered nurses 45-67 years of age and free of diagnosed cancer. There were 50,828 women included in 1980 and others were added as they reached 45 years of age. Main outcome measures. senile cataract extraction.
Incidence
of
Results. We documented 493 incident senile cataracts diagnosed and extracted during 470,302 person-years of follow-up. The age-adjusted relative risk (RR) among women who smoked at least 65 pack-years was 1.63 (95% confidence level [CI], 1.18-2.26; P for trend, .02). A similar increase in RR was noted when smoking was assessed in terms of number of cigarettes currently smoked or number of cigarettes smoked by past smokers. Results were also similar after adjusting for other potential risk factors for cataract. Smoking was also strongly associated with posterior subcapsular cataract specifically (RR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.49-4.50 for 2 65-pack-year smokers relative to nonsmokers). Conclusion. Smoking appears to increase the risk of cataract extraction. A Prospective Study of Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Cataract in Men. W. G.
Summer1993NoIwne 24Ahmber 2
Design, setting, and participants. The design was a prospective cohort study, using data from the Physicians’ Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin and beta carotene among 22,071 U.S. male physicians ages 40-84 years that began in 1982. This analysis includes the 17,824 physicians who did not report cataract at baseline and did provide complete risk-factor information. Based on information reported at baseline, 10% were current smokers, 39% were past smokers, and 5 1% were never smokers. Main outcome measure. An incident cataract was defined as a self-report confiied by medical record review to have been first diagnosed after randomization, age-related in origin, and responsible for a decrease in best corrected visual acuity to 20/30 or worse. Main results. During 60 months of followup, 557 incident cataracts among 371 participants were confirmed. Compared with never smokers, current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had a statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract (relative risk [RR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-3.20; P < .OOl). Similar results were obtained after simultaneously controlling for other potential cataract risk factors in a logistic regression model (RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.38-3.05; P < .OOl). Among the 557 eyes with cataract, nuclear sclerotic changes were present in 442, while posterior subcapsular changes were present in 204. After controlling for other potential cataract risk factors, current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had statistically significant increases in nuclear sclerosis (RR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.47-3.41; P < .OOl) and posterior subcapular (RR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.81-5.53; P < .OOl) cataract. Past smokers had an elevated risk of posterior subcapsular (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.97 to 2.13; P = .07) but not nuclear sclerosis cataract. For 129
current smokers of fewer than 20 cigarettes per day, no increased risks were observed of total, nuclear sclerosis, or posterior subcapsular cataract.
Conclusians. These data provide support for the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing both nuclear sclerosis and posterior subcapsular cataxact.