A review of the first twenty years of the Australasian Marketing Journal

Australasian Marketing Journal 21 (2013) 176–186

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Australasian Marketing Journal journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/amj

A review of the first twenty years of the Australasian Marketing Journal Michael Jay Polonsky ⇑, Pandora Kay 1, Allison Ringer 2 School of Management & Marketing, Deakin University, 70 Elgar Road, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia

a r t i c l e

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Article history: Received 14 June 2013 Accepted 17 June 2013 Available online 18 July 2013 Keywords: AMJ Publishing productivity Citation impact Regional coverage

a b s t r a c t This paper reviews the published works of the Australasian Marketing Journal in its first 20 years. Findings suggest an emphasis on works and data from within the Australasian region (i.e., Australia, New Zealand and other countries in Asia); nonetheless, countries outside the region are also represented. An extensive range of topics are examined which has broadened over time. Most frequently occurring topics are marketing theory, relationships and education. More recently, works covering consumer behaviour, branding and public policy have increased in number. The review also identifies the most prolific and impactful individual authors and institutions based on the number of works published. As expected, these contributors come predominantly from within the region. In addressing the most cited works, a wider cross-section of global institutions are represented. The review concludes that AMJ has made a valuable contribution to the marketing and broader academic discourse. AMJ has become the leading marketing journal in the Australasian region and its global recognition continues to grow. The implications for AMJ in the future are to maintain a balance between global inclusion and interest, at the same time as providing a regional focus. Ó 2013 Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction Many researchers have examined developments within the marketing discipline to identify the evolution of marketing and the significant contributions made to marketing thought (Wilkie and Moore, 2003; Schlegelmilch and Öberseder, 2010). Such reflection on publishing focuses on how contributions evolve across the discipline (Hubbard et al., 2005) and on the impact and developments within a specific journal (Green et al., 2003; Schlegelmilch, 2003; West, 2007). This sometimes occurs at significant anniversaries for the given publication (Malhotra et al., 2013). With the 20th anniversary of the Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) in 2012, it is an appropriate time to evaluate its development, contributions to theory and its impact within marketing. Over the last 20 years, there have been 47 issues of AMJ, including 16 special issues or special sections on a range of themed topics (see Appendix A for a complete listing). Within the 47 issues, 428 works have been published, authored by 548 different individuals from 195 organisations (including 14 non-universities), in 29 countries. The works cover a variety of publications including 317 articles, 11 research notes, 36 commentaries/other, 33 editorials, and 31 book reviews. A search of Google Scholar ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia. Tel.: +61 3 9244 6968; fax: +61 3 9251 7083. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (M.J. Polonsky), pandora. [email protected] (P. Kay), [email protected] (A. Ringer). 1 Tel.: +61 3 9244 6591. 2 Tel.: +61 3 9244 6771.

(July 2012) found that the works have been cited 2952 times, with one paper cited almost 350 times. In reviewing AMJ’s first 20 years, this paper summarises the journal’s historical evolution, drawing on editorials published in AMJ. We then discuss the methodology used to analyse the alternative types of data examined in regard to the works published in AMJ. The first section of analysis focuses on the regional emphasis of the journal. This is a potential differentiating feature of AMJ and one of the initial motivating factors in its creation (Alford, 1993). The second section of the analysis examines the topic coverage within AMJ, which has been specifically designed to be broad in scope. The scope allows the journal to be an outlet for the widest variety of works within the region and globally. The third section of analysis examines the impact of the journal based on citations of its works. The fourth section identifies the individual authors and institutions that have made the most impact in AMJ. The final section presents concluding remarks on the analysis, and the implications for AMJ in the future.

2. Journal history The journal has indeed advanced significantly since its first issue in 1993 as the Asia–Australia Marketing Journal (i.e., AMJ) published by Monash University. In the first editorial Geoff Alford (1993, p. 5) the founding editor, established the journal’s direction. He suggested that AMJ papers would be academically and industry relevant, with both a general and regional focus. In the foreword of the same issue, Harris (1993) suggests that one of the driving

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M.J. Polonsky et al. / Australasian Marketing Journal 21 (2013) 176–186

factors in establishing AMJ was to provide a forum for examining issues particularly relevant to the Australasian region. Frank Alpert (1996, p. 4) later suggests that the journal should also have a ‘‘distinctive Australasian voice’’. Initially meeting these objectives appears to have been challenging. In a later editorial, Alford (1995) identifies the journal needs to have rigorous, theoretically wellgrounded works which articulate their research effectively. The quality of expression and research design is an issue that was raised in several of the editorials, at AMJ advisory board meetings, as well as in other discussions. This problem is not unique to AMJ, as submissions of quality works is an on-going issue for journals and editors (e.g., Perry et al., 2003; Stewart, 2008). The editorship shifted to Frank Alpert in 1996 and at this time AMJ was published in association with the Australian Marketing Institute (AMI) in an attempt to strengthen the links between theory and practice (Alpert, 1996). The link between theory and practice is often questioned within marketing and other business disciplines (Baldridge et al., 2004) and thus the AMI relationship appears to strengthen this link. In 1997, AMJ became the official journal of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy (ANZMAC) (Alpert, 1997). This is a similar positioning to the Journal of Marketing (the official journal of the American Marketing Association) and International Journal of Research in Marketing (the official journal of the European Marketing Academy). There was clearly a view that the journal’s reputation and prestige would continue to evolve. In 1998, the journal was renamed the Australasian Marketing Journal and Lester Johnson became co-editor of AMJ. The name change was designed to clearly centre the journal in its home region, at the same time indicating that AMJ should ‘‘be of interest to someone who doesn’t live in Australia or New Zealand’’ (Alpert, 1998, p. 3). By 1998, the journal had evolved with increased submissions warranting the regular publication of two issues per year (Alpert, 2000). In 2001, Paul Patterson and Mark Uncles at University of New South Wales (UNSW) became the new editors, and UNSW the publisher of AMJ. The new editors suggested the journal should maintain its current strategic direction, and further seek to improve the review process of being a generalist journal publishing papers of interest to global and regional readers. This included broadening the membership of the editorial review board, beyond the region as well as publishing works by eminent global academics (Patterson and Uncles, 2001). In 2001, a ‘best paper’ award to recognise the most significant contributions to the journal was established. After editing the journal for 5 years, a progress report on AMJ suggests the journal had attracted a diversity of research topics (Patterson and Uncles, 2005). They identify that 20% of the papers were authored by academics outside of the Australasian region (i.e., 14% European and 6% North American). They also identify that there was still a need to raise the profile and impact globally and within the wider Asian region. In 2006, the editorship of AMJ passed to Richard Varey at the University of Waikato, with ANZMAC taking responsibility for publishing the journal (Varey, 2006). The emphasis was still on enhancing the reputation of the journal in the region, but also on attracting globally relevant research. The relationship between AMJ and the AMI appears to end at this point as well, as there is no longer any mention of an association within the journal. In 2008, Varey (2008) published an historical essay of the journal (more detailed than the brief section in this paper), identifying that all of the journal’s editors continually pursued raising the reputation regionally and globally. In 2009, the editorship returned to Lester Johnson, now at the University of Melbourne, and possibly most importantly, AMJ became an Elsevier publication. It was hoped this move would increase access and thus the journal’s profile. It also involved a commitment by AMJ to publish 4 issues a year (Johnson, 2009).

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Appendix A provides a table summarising AMJ with regard to its title, affiliations, special issues and sections, editors and publishers.

3. Methodology Our systematic review uses three types of data. First, the information on the works published in AMJ was manually assessed (i.e., by examining hard copies of all issues), coded by a research assistant, and then checked by one of the researchers. Coding of the bibliographic information sourced from the published works includes the year in which the work was published, whether the work appeared in a special issue, the work’s authors, the authors’ institutions and location. The analysis of all published works included editorials, articles, commentaries and book reviews which are frequently excluded from journal publication analysis (Malhotra et al., 2013; Zou, 2005). They were included in this analysis as it was felt non-articles often make important contributions to the discourse. For example, some editorials to special issues draw together a discipline/area for readers (e.g., Uncles and Wright, 2004). Commentaries also can be important in the facilitation of alternative perspectives on articles and topics, thus stimulating academic discourse (e.g., Armstrong, 2004). The analysis process for this first stage, follows the method used in past research on publishing performance/impact (e.g., Malhotra et al., 2013; Zou, 2005), which assumes that all authors contribute equally to any given work. If there were three authors, each was allocated 33%. When determining institutional impact, the same approach was used. If there were multiple authors from one institution, the authorship associated with that institution was aggregated. If an author listed multiple affiliations, their contribution was divided between the institutions. For example, if one of three authors listed two institutional affiliations, then that author’s 33% contribution would be split between the two institutions (16.5% allocated to each). While the volume of research (i.e., number of works published) can be used to assess impact, it is better assessed through examining citations to specific works by other academics (e.g., Sivadas and Johnson, 2005; Zinkhan and Leigh, 1999). Such analysis, generally, has not been included in reviews of individual journals (Polonsky and Ringer, 2012), but is increasing with electronic tracking of citations, such as the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) and Google Scholar. The citation data used in this paper was sourced from Google Scholar in July 2012,3 where each work’s title was separately searched to identify how many other authors cited AMJ works. This manual searching allows for the aggregation of multiple listings because of inaccurate citations. There are alternative citation mechanisms (e.g., SSCI), but they do not cover marketing effectively (Harzing and van der Wal, 2009). Thus, relying on the SSCI could distort any citation impact assessment (Svensson, 2010), especially as AMJ is omitted from the SSCI. Author and institutional citation rates were adjusted in a similar fashion to the attribution of authorship. For example, if a paper was cited 20 times and there were two authors, each author would be allocated 10 citations. Such an adjustment is needed to eliminate double counting when assessing overall author and institutional citation impact. For example, without the adjustment, if there were two authors at one institution, each would be allocated 20 unweighted citations, that is, 40 citations in total, which is double the true impact. Content analysis data was the third type of data used. Each work’s content was reviewed to identify the topic focus of the paper and whether any data used in the paper included countries 3 We had access to all works appearing in 2012, although in issues 3 and 4, the opportunity to be cited would have been limited.

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within Australasia. Initially one researcher coded this information and then it was reviewed by another. For topic specification (where up to two topics could be identified), the categories developed by Polonsky and Ringer (2012) were used (see Appendix B), and a third researcher made an assessment on any disagreements between the first two coders.

Table 1 Country contributions (%) in AMJ.

4. Analysis 4.1. Regional emphasis As mentioned earlier, AMJ was developed to provide a quality outlet for academic work in the Australasian region (Patterson and Uncles, 2005), which includes Australia, New Zealand and other countries in Asia, and builds on the journal’s regional strength as the official journal of ANZMAC (Varey, 2006). Journal growth requires maintaining wide relevance to the academic profession, which can be assessed in a number of ways. To ensure that there is academic relevance, it is important to demonstrate practice and theory from around the globe (Thomas et al., 1994), but this broadening could remove any distinctive Australasian focus which was one of the reasons for founding the journal (Alpert, 2000). Regional relevance was assessed by the extent of global participation of authors and institutions (Polonsky and Ringer, 2009). Table 1 lists the country contributions based on the number of published works (i.e., all categories), authors,4 institutions and citations, using weighted authorship. The majority of works across categories are by authors located in Australasia (i.e., 76.8% of works overall). There was a concentration on Australia (56%) and New Zealand (15.2%), however authors from the US (8.4% of authors; 7.7% of works) and UK (7.9% of authors; 5.9% of works) also contributed significant numbers of works to AMJ. This is consistent with an earlier analysis of AMJ works between 2001 and 2005 by Patterson and Uncles (2005), where 80% were authored by academics in Australasia. Yet this result differs from other leading marketing journals; Svensson et al. (2009) report that only 10% of articles have at least one Australasian author, and Polonsky and Ringer (2009) found 17% of articles in internationally-focused marketing journals were authored by Australasian academics. Polonsky and Ringer (2012) found in another similarly positioned journal (i.e., Journal of Marketing and Theory and Practice), there was a general increase in global inclusion. In the case of AMJ, if this occurs, this might mean less Australasian focus. Fig. 1 depicts the percentage of works and data originating in Australasia each year. A regression analysis identifies that time does not affect the number of works authored by individuals within Australasia (beta = 2.40, p = .308). An alternative way to examine the Australasian focus is the extent to which data (qualitative or quantitative) is based on countries within the region. To assess this, the content analysis of works first identified whether they used quantitative or qualitative data, and then, whether the source of all or some of the data was from within Australasia. Of course, the data could be truly global and Australasia might be only one region represented. There were 104 works (24.3%) that did not use any data, which included most of the editorials, book reviews and commentaries, and articles with a conceptual focus. There were 34 works (7.9%) that used data, but did not specify the country of origin and for these works, it was not assumed that the data was from the authors’ present location. Of the remaining works, 238 (55.6% of overall works) included some Australasian data showing a similar pattern to authorship.

*

Country

Number of works

Number of Number of organisations authors

Weighted citations

Australia* New Zealand* United States United Kingdom Finland Canada Thailand* Taiwan* Germany France China* Austria Norway Malaysia* Sweden Denmark Singapore* United Arab Emirates Japan* India* South Korea* South Africa Argentina Greece Netherlands Hong Kong* Ireland Pakistan* Vietnam* Croatia ALL Australasia* Total

239.29 (56.0) 64.79 (15.2) 33.1 (7.7) 23.35 (5.9) 7.74 (1.8) 7.43 (1.7) 5.32 (1.2) 4.49 (1.1) 4.15 (1.0) 4.16 (1.0) 3.91 (.9) 3.81 (.9) 3.25 (.8) 2.99 (.7) 2.25 (.5) 1.75 (.4) 1.74 (.4) 1.66 (.4)

46 (23.6) 13 (6.7) 34 (17.4) 20 (10.3) 7 (3.6) 6 (3.1) 7 (3.6) 5 (2.6) 6 (3.1) 6 (3.1) 6 (3.1) 3 (1.5) 4 (2.1) 5 (2.6) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0)

290 (51.0) 72 (12.7) 48 (8.4) 45(7.9) 11 (1.9) 12 (2.1) 12 (2.1) 7 (1.2) 7 (1.2) 7 (1.2) 6 (1.1) 9 (1.6) 6 (1.1) 6 (1.1) 2 (.4) 2 (.4) 5 (.9) 3 (.5)

1405.54 (47.6) 225.84 (7.7) 516.85 (17.5) 260.51 (8.8) 119.74 (4.0) 42 (1.4) 15.5 (.5) 16.51 (.6) 2 (.1) 21.33 (.7) 4.08 (.1) 70.17 (2.4) 3.75 (.2) 5 (.2) 169.75 (5.8) 10 (.3) 11.75 (.4) 1 (.0)

1.5 (.4) 1.25 (.3) 1.25 (.3) 1.16 (.3) 1 (.3) 1 (.2) 1 (.2) 0.5 (.1) 0.5 (.1) 0.5 (.1) 0.5 (.1) 0.17 (.0) 328.03 (76.8) 428 (100.0)

2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 3 (1.5) 1 (.5) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 1 (.5) 1 (.5) 1 (.5) 1 (.5) 1 (.5) 93 (47.7) 195 (100.0)

2 (.4) 2 (.4) 2 (.4) 3 (.5) 1 (.2) 2 (.4) 2 (.4) 1 (.2) 1 (.2) 1(.2) 1 (.2) 1 (.2) 406 (79.1) 569 (100.0)

0.5 (.0) 3 (.1) 1.5 (.1) 6.83 (.2) 0 (.0) 0 (.0) 36 (1.2) 1 (.0) 1 (.0) 0 (.0) 1 (.0) 0 (.0) 1691.22 (57.3) 2952 (100.0)

Denotes Australasia.

This relationship is supported by the Spearman correlation (q = .452; p = .045). A regression analysis also identifies that time does not affect the proportion of Australasian data-driven works (beta = .392; p = 09). These findings suggest that regional authorship and regionallyfocused data do not appear to be changing over time. It would possibly be anticipated that both measures would decrease as the journal becomes more globally accepted and focused. Alternatively, having greater Australasian content could reflect the higher value placed on AMJ by authors and, as the regional profile grows, it then attracts more works based on regional data. Authors such as Svensson et al. (2008, 2009) and Rosenstreich and Wooliscroft (2006) have found that there tends to be a US focus of data within marketing journals. For example, Svensson et al. (2008) reports of the data used in journals, only 8.4% originates in Australasia. The results from AMJ show a mix of data from within and outside the Australasian region. This finding supports the dual goal of being locally and globally relevant. Having a limited level of global inclusion could be an issue in the development of ideas and theory (Thomas et al., 1994). Stremersch and Verhoef (2005) suggest works by academics outside North America are less cited than works by North Americans. As such, a regional focus could affect citation rates (discussed later). For newer journals such as AMJ, this results in a double jeopardy effect. It is hard to grow a small journal’s impact given the increasingly crowded publishing space (i.e., increasing numbers of journals).

4.2. Topic coverage 4

Some authors have listed multiple affiliations in multiple countries or have moved countries, which means that the total number of authors is greater than the number of individual authors.

A content analysis was used to examine the focus of all works published in AMJ over the past 20 years at the aggregate level

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100 90 80 70 60 % Australasian Authorship

50 40 30

% Australasian Data

20

0

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

10

Fig. 1. Australasian contribution of authorship and data for all works in AMJ.

Table 2 Category domains examined overall and over the four periods - rank, number of works (%) - in AMJ.

Marketing Education Consumer Behaviour Theory Relationships Branding/Products Promotion/Advertising International Services Public Policy Strategy Research Methods E-Commerce Marketing Management Ethics Supply Chain Sport Marketing Pricing Retailing Technology CRM Leadership Entrepreneurship Innovation Marketing Metrics Selling and Sales Management Total

TOTAL-1993–2012

1993–1997

1998–2002

2003–2007

2008–2012

Rank

Number

Rank

Number

Rank

Number

Rank

Number

Rank

Number

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 11 12 12 14 15 16 17 17 19 20 21 22 22 22 22

98 (17.1) 80 (13.9) 47 (8.2) 45 (7.8) 43 (7.5) 38 (6.6) 33 (5.7) 31 (5.4) 27 (4.7) 27 (4.7) 26 (4.5) 13 (2.3) 13 (2.3) 12 (2.1) 8 (1.4) 7 (1.2) 6 (1.0) 6 (1.0) 5 (0.9) 3 (0.5) 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 1 (0.2) 574 (100.0)

2

8 (12.5)

5 1

6 (9.4) 13 (20.3)

3 8 7 13 6 8

7 2 3 1 4 2

(10.9) (3.1) (4.7) (1.6) (6.3) (3.1)

8 8 8 3

2 2 2 7

(3.1) (3.1) (3.1) (10.9)

1 4 4 2 8 6 3 7 14 8 10 11 14 14 12

29 (22.5) 11 (8.5) 11 (8.5) 15(11.6) 7 (5.4) 10 (7.8) 14 (10.9) 8 (6.2) 1 (0.8) 7 (5.4) 5 (3.9) 4 (3.1) 1 (0.8) 1 (0.8) 2 (1.6)

1 2 3 11 4 8 5 5 13 11 7 9 13 9 16

32 (23.0) 19 (13.7) 15 (10.8) 4 (2.9) 13 (9.4) 7 (5.0) 9 (6.5) 9 (6.5) 2 (1.4) 4 (2.9) 8 (5.8) 5 (3.6) 2 (1.4) 5 (3.6) 1 (0.7)

2 1 5 7 3 6 11 9 3 8 9 14 11 14 18

29 (11.9) 50 (20.5) 15 (6.1) 13 (5.3) 23 (9.4) 14 (5.7) 8 (3.3) 11 (4.5) 23 (9.4) 12 (4.9) 11 (4.5) 4 (1.6) 8 (3.3) 4 (1.6) 3 (1.2)

13

2 (1.4)

16

1 (0.7)

14 13 14 19

4 6 4 1

19

1 (0.4)

16

1 (0.7)

13

13 13

14

1 (0.8)

12

2 (1.6)

1 (1.6)

1 (1.6) 1 (1.6) 62 (100.0)

and in intervals of four periods of five-years. The classification process used 25 domain categories developed by Polonsky and Ringer (2012). The category definitions are provided in Appendix B. The topic categorisations for all works total 574 classifications based on a maximum of two domain categories (see Table 2). Overall, 281 works focused on one category, and 147 on two categories. Also presented in Table 2 are the category rankings and the raw number of works with those categories as a main focus, and the respective percentages. All 25 domain categories are present for the works overall, although no five-year period contained all 25 categories. Trends in the evolution of categories within AMJ across the four five-year time periods are more difficult to discern. Some of the variation might be associated with the increase in the number of issues published, and the presence and proportion of special issues.

129 (100.0)

139 (100.0)

(1.6) (2.5) (1.6) (0.4)

244 (100.0)

The number of issues published progressively increases from six in the first five-year period, to 10 in the second period, 13 in the third, and 18 in the latest period (see Appendix A). A broader set of categories also appears over this time. As reported in Table 2, the 25 domain categories over the four periods progressively increase from 16 in the first period, to 20 in the latest period. The number and proportion of special issues fluctuates over the four periods, which would account for a category such as Sport Marketing ranking third in the first period with no works in subsequent periods. One highly ranking category overall and for all four periods is Marketing Education, but this is possibly attributable to the analysis used in this paper. Marketing Education incorporates all regular issue editorials, some of the special issue editorials and all book reviews. In the 2008–2012 five-year period, other categories to show an increase include works on Consumer Behaviour, Public Policy,

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100.0

Table 3 Overview of works published in AMJ.

80.0

Type

Number

Average number of citations

Number (%) with zero citations

60.0

Article Research Note Book Review Editorial Commentary/Other Total

317 11 31 33 36 428

8.57 6.09 0.16 1.88 1.30 6.76

122 (38.5) 4 (36.4) 27 (87.1) 26 (78.8) 25 (69.4) 204 (47.7)

40.0

Conceptual

2012

2010

2011

2008

2009

2006

2007

2004

Quantave

2005

2003

2002

2001

1999

2000

1998

1997

1996

1995

1993

0.0

1994

20.0

Qualitave

Fig. 2. Conceptual, quantitative and qualitative articles over time in AMJ.

and Branding. The first and third of these have been previously noted by Patterson and Uncles (2005) as being well represented in AMJ during their editorial period (2001–2005). Other reviews of marketing journal content have noted an increasing rise over time in works published on these topics (Malhotra et al., 2013). The recent impetus in papers on Public Policy may be partially attributed to the absence of stand-alone domain categories for prominent topics of interest such as Social Marketing and Marketing Sustainability. In this review, these topics are within the Public Policy domain category along with Environmental Marketing issues. In addition, there was a 2009 special issue on those topics. Relationship issues is another highly ranked category for the journal overall. This relates particularly to the first two periods, where three of the five special issues focused on Relationships or Relationship Marketing. Theory is another well-represented category in the journal overall and across each of the four time periods. The importance placed on theory provides evidence to suggest the journal is seeking to expand marketing discourse and advance the discipline. Fig. 2 identifies the extent academic articles (i.e., excluding editorials, commentaries/others, and book reviews) published in AMJ use a conceptual, quantitative or qualitative methodology. The number of conceptual articles (which includes all theoretical topic works) totals 30.4% of all articles. A simple regression was run to examine whether there has been a change over time in regards to the percentage of conceptual articles, and identified that there is a negative trend (b = 2.327; p = 0.25). Yadav (2010) has noted a similar decline in other marketing journals. It is suggested that the decline has negative implications for the development of knowledge in the marketing discipline, as there is less broader enquiry and more focus on incremental developments (Armstrong 2004). While the proportion of conceptual articles in AMJ is higher than appears generally in the marketing literature, it, too, is declining over time. The four lowest-ranked categories over AMJ’s first 20 years relates to Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Marketing Metrics; and Selling and Sales Management. It might be that these under-represented categories are not examined in the region or they are publishing these works in other outlets. For a truly inclusive content coverage in the journal, it may be important to see future AMJ works addressing these issues. As earlier editors, Patterson and Uncles (2005, p. 5) note ‘‘AMJ has progressed to become the leading Australasian marketing journal for researchers and educators in the region’’, covering the widest range of topics. This role is important for AMJ given its link to ANZMAC, which has broad theoretical and topic coverage. As AMJ’s broader coverage of domain categories has continued over time, it should assist the journal’s continued development as a publication

of interest across marketing sub-disciplines, regionally and globally. 4.3. Impact An increasingly important measure of research quality is the extent to which papers are cited (Soutar and Murphy, 2009). As seen in Table 3, the average number of citations for the types of contribution varies. The number of articles not cited (38.5%) does potentially appear high, especially when compared to other similarly positioned generalist journals. In the US-based Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 18.4% of articles published from 1992–2011 had not been cited (Polonsky and Ringer, 2012). There are a number of works that are highly cited (see Table 4). The top article titled ‘‘Understanding the value of a relationship’’ is cited 348 times. Overall, citations are just one measure of impact. An alternative impact metric is the H-index (Harzing and van der Wal, 2009), which identifies how many of an individual’s works have more than the average citation rate (Razzaque and Wilkinson, 2007). In the case of AMJ, the H-index is 25, that is, the 25th most cited work has at least 25 citations, as of July 2012 (when the citation data was collected). Table 5 reports the total citations and total number of citations per year5 for all works across the 20 years. A regression analysis identifies the citations decrease over time (beta = .277, t = 5.945, sig = 0.000). The results may reflect that some of the early articles in special issues are very highly cited (i.e., 18 of the top 25 cited works appear in AMJ’s first 10 years), whereas there is less opportunity for later issues to be cited (especially those in 2012). When looking at a regression analysis that includes time and whether the work is in a special issue/section, the beta for the year is still negative and significant (beta = .280, t = 6.045, sig = 0.000). The dummy variable representing whether the work is in a special issue is positive and significant (beta = .113, t = 2.439, sig = 0.015). The results for the special issues impact confirms Olk and Griffith’s (2004) finding that papers appearing in a special issue on a focused topic have more citations than ‘regular’ papers. They suggest that this occurs as special issues consolidate focused papers, resulting in a higher citation impact. It should be noted that for AMJ, some of the special issues target global thought-leaders within areas of interest, which may also contribute to their higher citation impact. 4.4. Individual and institutional impact The federal government’s Excellence in Research in Australia (ERA) assessment and the Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF) assessment in New Zealand place more emphasis on quantifying individual and institutional performance. The publishing and citation data relating to AMJ can identify the most productive and impactful individuals and institutions in the journal. The 5

Citations per year = citations/number of years the work has been published.

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M.J. Polonsky et al. / Australasian Marketing Journal 21 (2013) 176–186 Table 4 Top 25 cited works in AMJ. Citations

*

Year *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

348 163 159 119 115 57 56 55

1994 1996* 1998 2001 1994* 2001a 1994* 1999

9 10 11 12 13

54 54 53 51 42

1999 1999 1999 2000 2002

14

40

2002

Title

Authors

Understanding the value of a relationship Relationship marketing logic A structured approach for presenting theses A history of network and channels thinking in marketing in the 20th century Broadening and specifying relationship marketing Consumer self-monitoring, materialism and involvement in fashion clothing From marketing mix to relationship marketing: Towards a paradigm shift in marketing Data equivalence in cross-cultural research: A comparison of classical test theory and latent trait theory based approaches A review of the ‘value’ literature and implications for relationship marketing Total relationship marketing: experimenting with a synthesis of research frontiers Value transformation in relationship marketing Using means-end chains for analysing occasions-not buyers Designing vignette studies in marketing

Wilson, D.T. and S. Jantrania Grönroos, C. Perry, C. Wilkinson, I.F. Gummesson, E. O’Cass, A. Grönroos, C. Salzberger, T., R.R. Sinkovics, and B.B. Schlegelmilch Payne, A. and S. Holt Gummesson, E. Tzokas, N. and M.Saren Hall, J. and L. Lockshin Wason, K.D., M.J. Polonsky and M.R. Hyman Sharp, B., M. Wright and G. Goodhardt Lehtinen, U. Ahmed, F., P. Patterson and C. Styles Nguyen, D.T. and J.R. McCollKennedy Ballantyne, D. Hunt, S.D. and D.B. Arnett

Purchase loyalty is polarised into either repertoire or subscription patterns *

15 16 17

35 28 28

1996 1999 2003*

Our present state of ignorance in relationship marketing The determinants of successful relationships in international business Diffusing customer anger in service recovery: A conceptual framework

18 19

27 27

1994* 2004

20 21

27 26

2004 2004

Editorial: Marketing at the crossroads Market segmentation strategy, competitive advantage, and public policy: Grounding segmentation strategy in resource-advantage theory Network analysis in marketing Perceptions of marketing journals by senior academics in Australia and New Zealand

22 23 24

26 25 25

2007* 2002 2003

25

25

2004*

On a theory of markets and marketing: From positively normative to normatively positive Establishing customer relationships on the internet requires more than technology Components of wine prices for Australian wine: How winery reputation, wine quality, region, vintage, and winery size contribute to the price of varietal wines Testing Dick and Basu’s customer loyalty model

Webster, C.M. and P.D. Morrison Mort, G.S., J.R. McColl-Kennedy, G. Kiel and G.N. Soutar Vargo, S.L. Barnes, J.G. and J.A. Cumby Ling, B.H. and L. Lockshin Garland, R. and P. Gendall

Appears in special issues.

Table 6a Top 30 authors 1993–2012 – weighted authorship (No. of works) in AMJ.

Table 5 Citations per year in AMJ. Year

Numbers of works

Total citations

Summed citations per year

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total

17 9 5 6 9 18 20 16 17 22 21 28 17 13 33 19 32 41 40 45 428

28 515 2 235 41 253 297 104 257 246 174 232 69 37 137 43 67 40 13 0 2790

1.4 32.41 0.11 13.82 2.57 16.88 21.22 7.99 21.4 22.36 17.4 25.99 8.65 5.28 22.84 8.9 16.75 13.35 6.5 0 265.82

productivity results for weighted works of the top 30 authors are listed in Tables 6a and 6b. In examining these two tables, it appears the weighted number of works authored and weighted citations, are unrelated, with only 10 names appearing in both lists. The lack of a relationship between citations and number of works authored is supported by the Spearman correlation for the top 30 cited works and weighted publication numbers (q = .222; p = .230). However, when examining the full data set there is a positive relationship (q = .282; p = .000). This indicates the greater (fewer) the number of relative

Rank

Author

Weighted works

No. of works involved In

1 2 3 4= 4= 4= 4= 8 9 10 11 12= 12= 14 15= 15= 15= 18 19= 19= 21 22 23= 23= 25 26= 26= 26= 29 30= 30=

Uncles, M.D. Alpert, F. Hoek, J. McColl-Kennedy, J.R. Rossiter, J.R. Varey, R.J. Wilkinson, I.F. Patterson, P.G. Sweeney, J.C. Ballantyne, D. Brodie, R.J. Polonsky, M.J. Quester, P. G. Alford, G. Johnson, L.W. Milgate, M. Vargo, S.L. East, R. Dolnicar, S. Styles, C. Gendall, P. Murphy, J. Grönroos, C. Lilien, G.L. Jones, S.C. Lawson, R. Roberts, J.H. Young, L.C. Christopher, M. Lee, C.K.C. Todd, S.

8.33 5.5 5.41 5 5 5 5 4.65 4.58 4.5 4.33 4.08 4.08 3.83 3 3 3 2.85 2.83 2.83 2.66 2.58 2.5 2.5 2.36 2.33 2.33 2.33 2.25 2.16 2.16

12 8 8 9 5 5 9 10 7 5 6 8 7 5 6 3 3 7 6 4 6 6 3 3 5 6 4 4 3 5 4

works authored, the higher (lower) one’s weighted citations. As might be expected, many of the authors listed in Table 6b are also authors of the most impactful articles (see Table 4).

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Table 6b Top 30 cited authors 1993–2012 – weighted citations by authorship (No. of works) in AMJ. Rank

Author

Weighted citations

No. of Works Involved In

1 2= 2= 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19= 19= 21 22 23 24 25 26 27= 27= 29 30= 30= 30=

Grönroos, C. Jantrania, S. Wilson, D.T. Gummesson, E. Perry, C. Wilkinson, I.F. O’Cass, A. Lockshin, L. Goodhardt, G. Ballantyne, D. Lehtinen, U. Vargo, S.L. Patterson, P.G. Sharp, B. Payne, A. McColl-Kennedy, J.R. Polonsky, M.J. Holt, S. Saren, M. Tzokas, N. Uncles, M.D. Hall, J. Frazer, L. Bloemer, J. Wright, M. Sweeney, J.C. Cowles, D.L. Jackson, D.W. Gendall, P. Salzberger, T. Schlegelmilch, B.B. Sinkovics, R.R.

221 174 174 169 165.67 143.84 68 42.17 39.99 39.5 35 34 31.5 30.74 30.25 28.75 27.17 27 26.5 26.5 26.34 25.5 25.17 24 21.83 20.75 20 20 19.67 18.33 18.33 18.33

3 1 1 2 2 9 3 4 3 5 1 3 10 5 2 9 8 1 1 1 12 1 3 2 5 7 1 1 6 1 1 1

Table 7a Top 30 institutions 1993–2012 – weighted authorship (No. of works) in AMJ. Rank

Institution

Total authorships

No. of works

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

University of New South Wales* Monash University* University of Auckland* University of Otago* University of Wollongong* University of Western Australia* Massey University* Griffith University* University of South Australia* University of Queensland* University of Adelaide* Queensland University of Technology* University of Technology, Sydney* University of Melbourne* University of Waikato* University of Western Sydney* Victoria University* Macquarie University* University of Newcastle* University of Sydney* Charles Sturt University* Cranfield University Pennsylvania State University Curtin University of Technology* Deakin University* London South Bank University Kingston Business School University of Southern Queensland* RMIT University* C5C Group Pty. Ltd.* University of Hawaii

32.37 32.32 17.48 16.96 15.64 15.01 14.8 13.8 11.29 10.08 9.17 8.79

52 56 27 36 30 34 28 26 29 22 17 21

7.81 7.16 7 6.92 6.49 5.39 4.92 4.83 4.5 4 4 3.99 3.74 3.34 3.29 3.17 3.16 3 3

16 11 8 12 12 12 14 11 8 8 6 8 7 6 10 4 8 3 3

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22= 22= 24 25 26 27 28 29 30= 30= *

Australasian-based institutions.

4.5. Institutional authorship The majority of institutions listed in Tables 7a (26 of the 30) and 7b (16 of the 30) are from the Australasian region. It is interesting to note that one of the top 30 authoring institutions is a non-academic one. It does need to be noted that individuals have moved between institutions as well as in some instances in and out of academia and the attribution is based on what they have used as their affiliation within each work. In looking at the top authoring institutions, only five of them are from outside Australasia. When assessing contributions based on citations, the number increases to 14 non-Australasian institutions, suggesting that international institutions have a significant impact within AMJ. On the one hand, this is a potentially positive outcome as it suggests that AMJ is attracting quality submissions from authors outside the region. It also suggests that Australasian works have a lower impact. It does need to be noted that in some instances eminent non-Australian authors have not necessarily been highly cited. When comparing weighted citations of individuals by region, where non-Australasian (mean = 6.63, std = 20.75) is significantly higher (t = 2.51, p = 0.013) than Australasian weighted citations (mean = 2.70, std = 10.90), these results suggest that the work of non-Australasian academics is cited more frequently. This is consistent with Stremersch and Verhoef (2005) who found that citation rates for non-US works (in which Australasian works would be included) were generally lower than for US works, even within the same set of journals. It is unclear if Australasian authors are more likely to cite AMJ within publications elsewhere. If there was some perception that AMJ citations influences publication success in other journals, it would further impede AMJ’s citation impact. When examining the relationship between institutional authorship and institutional citations, there is a positive relationship (q = .550; p = .000). The greater the number of relative works

authored within an institution, the higher the institution’s number of weighted citations. Institutional citations and total number of works in which the institution’s academics are involved, are also positively related (q = .626; p = .000). The greater the number of works in which an institution’s academics are involved, the higher the institution’s number of weighted citations. Thus, publishing more should raise the profile of the individual and institution. 5. Conclusions AMJ clearly has made significant advances and cemented its position within the academic publishing domain. It has grown from humble beginnings in 1993 as an institutionally-published journal to being the official journal of ANZMAC, published by a highly-regarded academic publisher. The results examining individual and institutional impact suggest that there are, indeed, a diverse range of Australasian contributors, which is important as it signifies the acceptance of AMJ within the region. AMJ, clearly, has attracted and continues to attract works on a variety of topics from authors around the globe, with a current emphasis on works from authors in Australasia using data from Australasia. Having ‘global’ inclusion is important. However, given the population and economic power of countries within Australasia (i.e., the largest three countries in the world – China, India and Indonesia – have almost three billion citizens in total), it might be anticipated that works with a regional focus will have increased academic importance in the future. This would be especially true as academics within the Australasian region increase their academic research and publishing. A number of strategies may increase the regional and global contribution and impact. This may include having a way to ‘team up’ scholars from different regions. It may also be

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M.J. Polonsky et al. / Australasian Marketing Journal 21 (2013) 176–186 Table 7b Top 30 cited institutions 1993–2012 – weighted citations by authorship in AMJ.

*

Rank

Institution

Total citations

No. of works

Total authorships

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Pennsylvania State University University of New South Wales* Swedish School of Economics and Business Administration Stockholm University University of Southern Queensland* Griffith University* University of South Australia* Cranfield University University of Western Australia* Monash University* University of Queensland* Massey University* University of Strathclyde Vienna University of Economics and Business University of Auckland* Victoria University* University of Otago* Charles Sturt University* University of Newcastle* University of Wollongong* London South Bank University University of Tampere University of Hawaii University of Technology, Sydney* Kingston Business School Memorial University of Newfoundland Texas Tech University University of Western Sydney* Arizona State University Maastricht University

349 253.25 219 169 166 127.33 88.99 82 80.08 72.52 63.59 61.35 58 57.66 53.33 47.5 45.33 41 40.67 39.33 35.66 35 34 32.18 29.32 27.5 27 25.17 25 24

6 52 2 2 4 26 29 8 34 56 22 28 3 5 27 12 36 8 14 30 6 1 3 16 10 4 4 12 2 2

4 32.37 2 2 3.17 13.8 11.29 4 15.01 32.32 10.08 14.8 2 2.98 17.48 6.49 16.96 4.5 4.92 15.64 3.34 1 3 7.81 3.29 1.83 2 6.92 2 0.75

Australasian based institutions.

valuable to have such teams in research design to strengthen the contribution of research. Another opportunity could be to improve the dissemination of the work within AMJ. For example, AMJ could consider publishing abstracts in regional languages to make material more accessible. Although, increasing regional contributions may result in changes to AMJ. This is due to non-North American researchers often applying different research approaches and paradigms, such as less positivist and incremental studies (Babin, 2008). On the other hand this may be a strength with AMJ providing an outlet for more distinctive Australasian research. AMJ needs to maintain the balance between having simultaneous global and regional relevance and continue to ensure that even regionally focused works continue to ‘‘be of interest to someone who doesn’t live in’’ the region (Alpert, 1998, p. 3). Although not a focus of this review, the question of whether AMJ addresses managerially focused implications needs to be considered in the future, as this was one of the drivers of AMJ’s initial establishment. This is a pressing issue in academia and practice today (Baldridge et al., 2004). For example, the editor of the Journal of

Marketing identifies that there is a need to ensure research is connected to practice as marketing theory evolves into the future (Lutz, 2011). Addressing real-world contexts would also be important and possibly align with government funding schemes within the region. Research assessment exercises increasingly look beyond academic impact in assessing the value of research and researchers. This wider impact is harder to evaluate, but may drive university funding in the future and thus is an issue for academics to consider. AMJ has over the years had a number of activities to address this, including the link with the AMI, publishing executive summaries and having commentaries on works to discuss alternative perspectives. These perspectives may be given greater acknowledgement in the future. Acknowledgment The authors would like to thank the current and past editors of the Australasian Marketing Journal for their invaluable contribution and feedback in the writing of this manuscript.

Appendix A. List of issues, editors and publishers, 1993–2012 in AMJ. Journal name

Year Volume (Issue) Issue topic Editor(s)/Guest editor(s)

Publisher

Asia–Australia Marketing Journal

1993 1(1) Regular issue 1(2) Regular issue 1994 2(1) Relationship Marketing 1995 3(1) Regular issue

Department of Marketing, Monash Department of Marketing, Monash Department of Marketing, Monash Department of Marketing, Monash

Asia–Australia Marketing Journal Asia–Australia Marketing Journal Asia–Australia Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute) Asia–Australia Marketing Journal

G. Alford, Monash University G. Alford, Monash University D. Ballantyne, Monash University G. Alford, Monash University

1996 4(1) Relationship Marketing

F. Alpert, Monash University

1997 5(1) Sport Sponsorship

F. Farelly, Monash University;

Department of (continued on next page)

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Appendix A. (continued) Journal name (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Associated with the Australian Marketing Institute and the Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Official Journal of ANZMAC)

Australasian Marketing Journal (Official Journal of ANZMAC) Australasian Marketing Journal (Official Journal of ANZMAC)

Australasian Marketing Journal (Official Journal of ANZMAC)

Year Volume (Issue) Issue topic Editor(s)/Guest editor(s) and Sport Marketing

1998 6(1) Regular issue 6(2) Regular issue

1999 7(1) Relationships 7(2) Regular issue

2000 8(1)Regular issue 8(2) Regular issue, with ANZMAC special section 2001 9(1) Regular issue 9(2) Regular issue

Publisher

P. Questor, University of Adelaide

Marketing, Monash

F. Alpert, Monash University; L. Johnson, Mt Eliza Business School F. Alpert, Monash University; L. Johnson, Mt Eliza Business School R. Brodie, University of Auckland; B. Collins, University of Auckland F. Alpert, Monash University; L. Johnson, Mt Eliza Business School F. Alpert, Monash University; L. Johnson, Mt Eliza Business School F. Alpert, Monash University; L. Johnson, Mt Eliza Business School P. Patterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW P. Paterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW

Department of Marketing, Monash

Department of Marketing, Monash

Department of Marketing, Monash

School of Marketing, UNSW

2002 10(1) Services Marketing J. Barnes, University of Newfoundland; 10(2) Regular issue G. Elliott, Macquarie University; P. 10(3) Regular issue Patterson, UNSW P. Patterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW P. Patterson- UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW J. Hoek, Massey University 2003 11(1) Social Marketing 11(2) Emerging Issues in J. McColl-Kennedy, University of Queensland; P. Patterson, UNSW Services Marketing P. Patterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW 11(3) Regular issue P. Patterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW 2004 12(1) Regular issue P. Patterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW 12(2) Regular issue M. Uncles, UNSW; M. Wright, Robert 12(3) Empirical Jones Holdings Limited Generalisations in Marketing 2005 13(1) Regular issue P. Patterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW 13(2) Regular issue P. Patterson, UNSW; M. Uncles, UNSW

School of Marketing UNSW

2006 14(1) Regular issue 14(2) Regular issue

R. Varey, Waikato University R. Varey, Waikato University

ANZMAC

2007 15(1) BigMAC3: Proceedings of the 2006 EMAC-ANZMAC Research Symposium 15(2) Branding 15(3) Regular issue 2008 16(1) Regular issue 16(2) Regular issue 2009 17(1) Regular issue 17(2) Corporate Reputation and Anticipated Corporate Conduct 17(3) Regular issue 17(4) Sustainability, Social Entrepreneurship and Social Change 2010 18(1) Regular issue 18(2) Regular issue

R. Varey, Waikato University M. Uncles, UNSW; C. Webster, University of Newcastle R. Varey, Waikato University

ANZMAC

R. Varey, Waikato University R. Varey, Waikato University L. Johnson, Melbourne University S. Gray, University of Arizona; B. Gray, University of Otago L. Johnson, Melbourne University G. Mort, Latrobe University M. Hume, Griffith University

ANZMAC

L. Johnson, Melbourne University L. Johnson, Melbourne University

Elsevier

School of Marketing UNSW

School of Marketing UNSW

School of Marketing UNSW

Elsevier

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Appendix A. (continued) Journal name

Year Volume (Issue) Issue topic Editor(s)/Guest editor(s) 18(3) Regular issue/ Special Section - Is marketing losing its way/ Special Section CPSMFCE 18(4) Regular issue

Australasian Marketing Journal (Official Journal of ANZMAC)

2011 19(1) Regular issue 19(2) Regular issue 19(3) Regular issue 19(4) Regular issue 2012 20(1) ANZMAC 2010/ Regular issue 2(2) Regular issue 20(3) Honouring the Life and Work of Roger A. Layton/Regular issue 20(4) Regular issue

Australasian Marketing Journal (Official Journal of ANZMAC)

Publisher

L. Johnson, Melbourne University; R. Brodie, University of Auckland; J. McColl-Kennedy, University of Queensland; R. Lawson, University of Otago; S. Beckmann, Copenhagen Business School L. Johnson, Melbourne University Elsevier L. Johnson, Melbourne University L. Johnson, Melbourne University L. Johnson, Melbourne University L. Johnson, Melbourne University S. Morrish, University of Canterbury; C. Elsevier Lee, Monash University (Malaysia)/L. Johnson, Melbourne University L. Johnson, Melbourne University I. Wilkinson, University of Sydney & University of Southern Denmark/L. Johnson, Melbourne University L. Johnson, Melbourne University

Appendix B. Definition of categories Category

Definition and topics

Branding/Products

Branding includes issues such as brand identity, brand equity, brand category, brand extensions and co-branding. Product includes product attributes (features, functions, benefits and uses) as well as strategic issues which focus on product class, product lifecycle, product development and product differentiation Includes characteristics of individual consumers and households (demographics, geographic, psychographic and behavioural variables) as well as works attempting to understand people’s behaviours, needs, wants, perceptions, expectations, and intentions Includes an organisation’s interaction with its current and potential customers through the use of database management and computer technology to achieve effective customer service and marketing communications Incorporates various elements of the marketing mix associated with online and web-based environments including the online shopping experience and exchange process Covers works related to business processes or strategy where individuals identify unmet needs through the identification of opportunities for change Includes rules, professional standards, codes of conduct, principles and moral behaviour from a business and personal perspective. Includes the introduction of new products or processes, as well as innovations to existing products or processes Covers international marketing activities (i.e., exporting, mode of entry, country of origin, etc.) as well as works that focus on non-North American contexts Includes management styles, management structure and the leading of personnel and organisations. Includes teaching and learning issues as well as research focusing on the publishing process or managing academics Covers the setting of marketing goals and objectives, the designing and implementation of tactics and the evaluation of marketing activities Includes works that focus on the measurement of performance outcomes and profitability (but excludes scale development) Includes pricing strategies, price elasticity, price sensitivity, price consciousness and pricing structures Incorporates all promotional and advertising issues including strategies and tactics, as well as research on communication and its effectiveness Covers works that have a government or legislative focus, but also includes research that has a significant policy application (i.e., environmental marketing issues) Focuses on research about connections or factors influencing connections between organisations or organisations and their consumers

Consumer Behaviour

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) E-Commerce Entrepreneurship Ethics Innovation International Leadership Marketing Education Marketing Management Marketing Metrics Pricing Promotion/Advertising Public Policy Relationships

(continued on next page)

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Appendix B (continued)

Category

Definition and topics

Research Methods

Includes methodological issues related to survey administration and analysis, as well as works focusing on scale development Includes works focusing on all issues within the retail context Includes a range of issues about the selling function including personal selling and management of the sales force Covers research relating to the marketing of non-tangible products and actions, including, but not limited to service encounters, failure, design and satisfaction Relates to the context of sport and sport management, including consumer engagement with sporting activities Focuses on research across contexts examining the setting and assessment of business direction and the effective use of resource allocation Covers research on issues related to logistics and distribution including the vertical and horizontal integration of these systems Includes the adopting and development of automated processes and systems associated with marketing activities, excluding e-commerce activities Includes research that focuses on the advancement of knowledge and principles associated with marketing practice, rather than the application of those advances

Retailing Selling and Sales Management Services Sport Marketing Strategy Supply chain Technology Theory

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