- Email: [email protected]
A Smart Public Security Strategy: The New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect ScienceDirect
Procediaonline Computer 00 (2019) 000–000 Available at Science www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
ScienceDirect
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719
23rd International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering 23rd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Systems and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems
A Smart Public Security Strategy: The New Taipei City Technology A Smart Public Security Strategy: The New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan Defense Plan Chun-Young Changaa, Lin-Chien Chienbb, Yo-Hao Changcc, En-Chun Kuodd, Yuh-Shyan e Chun-Young Chang , Lin-Chien ChienHwang , Yo-Hao Chang , En-Chun Kuo , Yuh-Shyan Hwange Dept. of Electric Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan b Dept. of Information Manamagement, Central Police University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Dept. of Electric Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan c,d b New Taipei City PoliceCentral Department, Taiwan Dept. of Information Manamagement, PoliceTaipei, University, Taoyuan, Taiwan e Dept. of Electricalc,dEngineering, National University of Technology, New Taipei City PoliceTaipei Department, Taipei, Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan e Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan a a
Abstract Abstract New Taipei City is one of six special municipalities in Taiwan and the country’s most populous city. As part of the New Taipei City Government, New Taipei City isthe oneNew of six Taipei special Citymunicipalities Police Department in Taiwan has jurisdiction and the country’s over police mostadministration populous city.and Asaffairs. part of Because the NewaTaipei smart City Government, New Taipei Department has jurisdiction over police administration and affairs.aBecause a smart defense system thatthe improves workCity flowPolice and increases efficiency would benefit a police department undergoing police shortage, defense system that improves increases efficiency wouldFive benefit a police department undergoing a police shortage, this study proposes the New work Taipeiflow Cityand Technology Defense Plan. services—a policing service, a traffic e-service, an this study proposes the New Taipei City Technology Fiveinvestigation services—a service—are policing service, a traffic e-service, an emergency call/command service, a surveillance service,Defense and an Plan. enhanced integrated through humanemergency call/command service, adefense surveillance an enhanced investigation service—are integrated through humancentered design into a technology shieldservice, so that and a police department can provide full functionality while stretching to centered design into a resources. technologyThe defense shield that a police department providelaw full functionality while stretching to cover a lack of human plan has beensosuccessfully deployed and iscan assisting enforcement. cover a lack of human resources. The plan has been successfully deployed and is assisting law enforcement. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Author(s). Published Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article underbythe CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. Keywords: New Taipei City Police Department; New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan; Smart System; Human-Centered Design Keywords: New Taipei City Police Department; New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan; Smart System; Human-Centered Design
1. Introduction 1. Introduction New Taipei City became one of six special municipalities in Taiwan in 2010. It underwent administrative reform Taipei Citytobecame oneitsofcompetitiveness. six special municipalities in Taiwan in 2010. in It underwent reform andNew reorganization improve With the highest population the nation, administrative New Taipei City has and reorganization to improve its competitiveness. With the highest population in the nation, New Taipei City has * Corresponding author. Tel.:886-3-3285189; fax: 886-3-3282321 ext. 4329. E-mail address:author. [email protected] * Corresponding Tel.:886-3-3285189; fax: 886-3-3282321 ext. 4329. E-mail address: [email protected]
1877-0509 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access underPublished the CC BY-NC-ND 1877-0509 © 2019 The article Author(s). by Elsevier license B.V. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. 1877-0509 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. 10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.342
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Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
29 districts, but policing capability is constrained by a lack of human resources. To maintain quality public services while ensuring efficient policing, the New Taipei City Police Department developed a strategy that uses smart technology to integrate and support the functions of practical police work. A human-centered design approach was used to brainstorm how the proposed New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan could best meet the needs of stakeholders and satisfy the end users at each site. Designed to be rolled out over four years, the plan uses smart systems to share data among five integrated police services. The results show an increase in law enforcement efficiency, while a survey indicates continued public satisfaction with police handling of criminal cases. 2. Literature Review Building a cross-system platform that provides accurate and up-to-date information to law enforcement requires an integrated intelligence system [1]. Good design combines technology, cognitive science and human needs, and successful service models have been developed using design thinking [2]. Adderley [3] also mentioned that the use of data mining techniques for automatically detecting patterns in reported crimes benefits investigation work. Some studies have shown that e-government and related services such as e-police systems constitute a better communication process. It brings great success for modern era with increasing the professional efficiency for the government’s police administrations [4]. 3. Method In human-centered design, the user is the inspiration, rather than an afterthought. It gives designers the tools to create systems and experiences that address the core needs of those facing a problem. This research had three main steps: discover the end users’ needs, understand the problems and what causes them and, finally, build solutions to meet the needs of the end users at each site. 3.1. Discover A bottom up survey and personal accounts of practical policing uncovered the following: Databases are scattered across locations and units; they should be linked to allow sharing of information. The amount of data is considerable; a datamining technique is required. Front line officers need to identify and analyze information rapidly so that they can promptly handle law enforcement needs. 4. An integrated center is needed. 5. A data warehouse is needed. 6. A surveillance system is needed. 7. Real-time image transmission is needed. 8. A traffic information service would likely require a mobile app so that drivers could avoid congested routes and accidents. 9. Auto detection of illegally parked or speeding vehicles would be helpful. 10. GPS could provide the location of an emergency or crime. 11. GPS can pinpoint the location of a caller reporting an emergency or crime in the shortest time, leading to a shorter response time. 12. Systems that recognize vehicle license plates could be installed at main intersections to detect suspects or stolen vehicles. 13. Investigations require the integration of forensics, information, and a data mining system. 14. Tools are needed that can help advanced investigations and forensics. 15. Training courses are needed to boost professional ability. 1. 2. 3.
Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
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3.2. Understand The discovery process points to areas in which to dig deeper so that the problems can be understood. The discovery list serves as a guide for brainstorming. The problems uncovered in this study showed that integration was a major issue. A pattern needed to be identified that could help translate the research into actionable insights. Focus on who is involved. Determine what and who is important to them. Visualize the relationships, interactions and needs among users. Common factors can be formed into attributes based on observation and findings such as equipment, systems, and human resources. A domain map is used to categorize the attributes surveyed in the discovery step (Table 1). Table 1. Domain map. Attributes
Corresponding discoveries
Hardware, equipment
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Integration platform
1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Database
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Systems
2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Human resources
1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15
Policy
1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15
Much group discussion should be used in determining the purpose, what is related, what is relevant and what is important.
Fig. 1. Prototyping Procedure through Human-centered design
The brainstorming, discussion, and analysis are the foundation needed for prototyping/implementing a solution. Figure 1 shows the steps of human-centered design. 3.3. Build In discovering and understanding the problems and causes—the people and their relationships—an outcome that covers most of the domains can come to light. The New Taipei City Police Department designed a technology defense shield by using smart systems to integrate five services: a policing service, a traffic e-service, an emergency call/command service, a surveillance service, and an enhanced investigation service (Fig. 2). (1) Policing Service The policing service integrates databases within the police department. Tools such as electronic maps, a decision dashboard, virtual crime analysis, big data mining and analysis, and GPS are used to generate intelligent, visualized and localized crime analyses, while categorizing criminal, traffic, and service data for law enforcement work.
Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
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(2) Traffic E-Service The traffic e-service contains a complete query system for determining traffic conditions. The public component permits drivers to avoid congested roadways, particularly during rush hour or holidays. First line officers reduce their workload by using the component that automatically detects illegally parked vehicles. (3) Emergency Call/Command Service The emergency call/command service integrates the call center, GPS, and the command center. When a person makes an emergency call, the GPS determines their location, and the location is transmitted to the command center. Police can quickly respond to the emergency call, bringing urgent assistance to the person. (4) Surveillance Service The surveillance service connects a system of cameras installed at main intersections and transmits real-time images to the command center. The system can recognize vehicle license plates to identify suspects or stolen vehicles. Upgrading the camera quality generates higher-density images, making it easier to identify the plate numbers. (5) Enhanced Investigation Service The enhanced investigation service integrates forensic technology with behavioral science to analyze DNA evidence and crime patterns. A timeline analysis is correlated with GPS to assist with the investigation work. 1. Policing service 2. Traffic e-service New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan
3. Emergency call/command service 4. Surveillance service 5. Enhanced investigation service
Figure. 2. Prototype of New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan
4. Feedback on New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan Table 2 shows the growth of law enforcement efficiency, while Table 3 shows that the public’s satisfaction with how police are handling criminal cases has remained high, even as technology has been used to increase policing efficiency. Table 2. Average Response Time (average time of first line officer to arrive at the emergency location) Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Response time
365 secs
335 secs
329 secs
315 secs
281 secs
240 secs
237 secs
233 secs
222 secs
Table 3. Satisfaction Survey on Handling of Criminal Cases Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Good Fair Poor
83.95% 15.97% 0.08%
87.31% 12.60% 0.08%
86.84% 13.12% 0.04%
80.36% 19.60% 0.04%
79.22% 20.75% 0.03%
82.54% 17.44% 0.02%
83.77% 16.22% 0.02%
85.13% 14.86% 0.014%
83.95% 15.97% 0.08%
Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
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5. Conclusion and Future work New Taipei City is a densely populated area, but policing capability is restricted by insufficient staffing. A technology defence shield was designed by using smart systems to integrate five policing services, thereby maintaining quality public services while using human resources more efficiently to cover the shortage. The New Taipei City Technology Defence Plan is in place and running well. Technology and innovation can change the world. Even though technology brings convenience to life, convenience has its price. Services that rely on computer systems require technical know-how and regular maintenance. Each piece of hardware has its own replacement schedule. Moreover, daily life is full of unexpected events, including power failures, Internet disruptions, malware and human error. Service failures are not an option when responding to emergency situations. Establishing risk management and backup plans—including data, hardware and network redundancy—are as crucial as having the technicians to implement them. References [1] Guan C. (2000). Functions and Development of Fusion Center. 7th International Proceedings on Terrorism and Homeland Security, 1-20. [2] Allio, L. (2014). Design Thinking for Public Service Excellence. Singapore, Singapore: UNDP Global Centre for Public Service Excellence. [3] Adderley R., Musgrove P. (2001). Police crime recording and investigation systems: A user’s view. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 24, 100-114. 10.1108/13639510110382287. [4] Mollah M. B., Islam K., Islam S. (2012). E-Police System for Improved E-Government Services of Developing Countries. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. 10.1109/CCECE.2012.6335057. [5] LUMA Institute (2012). Innovation for People: Handbook of Human-Centered Design Methods. Pittsburgh, PA: LUMA Institute. [6] PwC (2018). “Global Innovation 1000 Study: Investigating trends at the world’s 1000 largest corporate R&D spenders.” PwC network, www.strategyand.pwc.com/innovation1000.
ScienceDirect ScienceDirect
Procediaonline Computer 00 (2019) 000–000 Available at Science www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
ScienceDirect
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719
23rd International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering 23rd International Conference on Knowledge-Based Systems and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems
A Smart Public Security Strategy: The New Taipei City Technology A Smart Public Security Strategy: The New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan Defense Plan Chun-Young Changaa, Lin-Chien Chienbb, Yo-Hao Changcc, En-Chun Kuodd, Yuh-Shyan e Chun-Young Chang , Lin-Chien ChienHwang , Yo-Hao Chang , En-Chun Kuo , Yuh-Shyan Hwange Dept. of Electric Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan b Dept. of Information Manamagement, Central Police University, Taoyuan, Taiwan Dept. of Electric Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan c,d b New Taipei City PoliceCentral Department, Taiwan Dept. of Information Manamagement, PoliceTaipei, University, Taoyuan, Taiwan e Dept. of Electricalc,dEngineering, National University of Technology, New Taipei City PoliceTaipei Department, Taipei, Taiwan Taipei, Taiwan e Dept. of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan a a
Abstract Abstract New Taipei City is one of six special municipalities in Taiwan and the country’s most populous city. As part of the New Taipei City Government, New Taipei City isthe oneNew of six Taipei special Citymunicipalities Police Department in Taiwan has jurisdiction and the country’s over police mostadministration populous city.and Asaffairs. part of Because the NewaTaipei smart City Government, New Taipei Department has jurisdiction over police administration and affairs.aBecause a smart defense system thatthe improves workCity flowPolice and increases efficiency would benefit a police department undergoing police shortage, defense system that improves increases efficiency wouldFive benefit a police department undergoing a police shortage, this study proposes the New work Taipeiflow Cityand Technology Defense Plan. services—a policing service, a traffic e-service, an this study proposes the New Taipei City Technology Fiveinvestigation services—a service—are policing service, a traffic e-service, an emergency call/command service, a surveillance service,Defense and an Plan. enhanced integrated through humanemergency call/command service, adefense surveillance an enhanced investigation service—are integrated through humancentered design into a technology shieldservice, so that and a police department can provide full functionality while stretching to centered design into a resources. technologyThe defense shield that a police department providelaw full functionality while stretching to cover a lack of human plan has beensosuccessfully deployed and iscan assisting enforcement. cover a lack of human resources. The plan has been successfully deployed and is assisting law enforcement. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. © 2019 The Author(s). Published Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article underbythe CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. Keywords: New Taipei City Police Department; New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan; Smart System; Human-Centered Design Keywords: New Taipei City Police Department; New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan; Smart System; Human-Centered Design
1. Introduction 1. Introduction New Taipei City became one of six special municipalities in Taiwan in 2010. It underwent administrative reform Taipei Citytobecame oneitsofcompetitiveness. six special municipalities in Taiwan in 2010. in It underwent reform andNew reorganization improve With the highest population the nation, administrative New Taipei City has and reorganization to improve its competitiveness. With the highest population in the nation, New Taipei City has * Corresponding author. Tel.:886-3-3285189; fax: 886-3-3282321 ext. 4329. E-mail address:author. [email protected] * Corresponding Tel.:886-3-3285189; fax: 886-3-3282321 ext. 4329. E-mail address: [email protected]
1877-0509 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access underPublished the CC BY-NC-ND 1877-0509 © 2019 The article Author(s). by Elsevier license B.V. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. 1877-0509 © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of KES International. 10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.342
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Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
29 districts, but policing capability is constrained by a lack of human resources. To maintain quality public services while ensuring efficient policing, the New Taipei City Police Department developed a strategy that uses smart technology to integrate and support the functions of practical police work. A human-centered design approach was used to brainstorm how the proposed New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan could best meet the needs of stakeholders and satisfy the end users at each site. Designed to be rolled out over four years, the plan uses smart systems to share data among five integrated police services. The results show an increase in law enforcement efficiency, while a survey indicates continued public satisfaction with police handling of criminal cases. 2. Literature Review Building a cross-system platform that provides accurate and up-to-date information to law enforcement requires an integrated intelligence system [1]. Good design combines technology, cognitive science and human needs, and successful service models have been developed using design thinking [2]. Adderley [3] also mentioned that the use of data mining techniques for automatically detecting patterns in reported crimes benefits investigation work. Some studies have shown that e-government and related services such as e-police systems constitute a better communication process. It brings great success for modern era with increasing the professional efficiency for the government’s police administrations [4]. 3. Method In human-centered design, the user is the inspiration, rather than an afterthought. It gives designers the tools to create systems and experiences that address the core needs of those facing a problem. This research had three main steps: discover the end users’ needs, understand the problems and what causes them and, finally, build solutions to meet the needs of the end users at each site. 3.1. Discover A bottom up survey and personal accounts of practical policing uncovered the following: Databases are scattered across locations and units; they should be linked to allow sharing of information. The amount of data is considerable; a datamining technique is required. Front line officers need to identify and analyze information rapidly so that they can promptly handle law enforcement needs. 4. An integrated center is needed. 5. A data warehouse is needed. 6. A surveillance system is needed. 7. Real-time image transmission is needed. 8. A traffic information service would likely require a mobile app so that drivers could avoid congested routes and accidents. 9. Auto detection of illegally parked or speeding vehicles would be helpful. 10. GPS could provide the location of an emergency or crime. 11. GPS can pinpoint the location of a caller reporting an emergency or crime in the shortest time, leading to a shorter response time. 12. Systems that recognize vehicle license plates could be installed at main intersections to detect suspects or stolen vehicles. 13. Investigations require the integration of forensics, information, and a data mining system. 14. Tools are needed that can help advanced investigations and forensics. 15. Training courses are needed to boost professional ability. 1. 2. 3.
Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
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3.2. Understand The discovery process points to areas in which to dig deeper so that the problems can be understood. The discovery list serves as a guide for brainstorming. The problems uncovered in this study showed that integration was a major issue. A pattern needed to be identified that could help translate the research into actionable insights. Focus on who is involved. Determine what and who is important to them. Visualize the relationships, interactions and needs among users. Common factors can be formed into attributes based on observation and findings such as equipment, systems, and human resources. A domain map is used to categorize the attributes surveyed in the discovery step (Table 1). Table 1. Domain map. Attributes
Corresponding discoveries
Hardware, equipment
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Integration platform
1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Database
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Systems
2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
Human resources
1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15
Policy
1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15
Much group discussion should be used in determining the purpose, what is related, what is relevant and what is important.
Fig. 1. Prototyping Procedure through Human-centered design
The brainstorming, discussion, and analysis are the foundation needed for prototyping/implementing a solution. Figure 1 shows the steps of human-centered design. 3.3. Build In discovering and understanding the problems and causes—the people and their relationships—an outcome that covers most of the domains can come to light. The New Taipei City Police Department designed a technology defense shield by using smart systems to integrate five services: a policing service, a traffic e-service, an emergency call/command service, a surveillance service, and an enhanced investigation service (Fig. 2). (1) Policing Service The policing service integrates databases within the police department. Tools such as electronic maps, a decision dashboard, virtual crime analysis, big data mining and analysis, and GPS are used to generate intelligent, visualized and localized crime analyses, while categorizing criminal, traffic, and service data for law enforcement work.
Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
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(2) Traffic E-Service The traffic e-service contains a complete query system for determining traffic conditions. The public component permits drivers to avoid congested roadways, particularly during rush hour or holidays. First line officers reduce their workload by using the component that automatically detects illegally parked vehicles. (3) Emergency Call/Command Service The emergency call/command service integrates the call center, GPS, and the command center. When a person makes an emergency call, the GPS determines their location, and the location is transmitted to the command center. Police can quickly respond to the emergency call, bringing urgent assistance to the person. (4) Surveillance Service The surveillance service connects a system of cameras installed at main intersections and transmits real-time images to the command center. The system can recognize vehicle license plates to identify suspects or stolen vehicles. Upgrading the camera quality generates higher-density images, making it easier to identify the plate numbers. (5) Enhanced Investigation Service The enhanced investigation service integrates forensic technology with behavioral science to analyze DNA evidence and crime patterns. A timeline analysis is correlated with GPS to assist with the investigation work. 1. Policing service 2. Traffic e-service New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan
3. Emergency call/command service 4. Surveillance service 5. Enhanced investigation service
Figure. 2. Prototype of New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan
4. Feedback on New Taipei City Technology Defense Plan Table 2 shows the growth of law enforcement efficiency, while Table 3 shows that the public’s satisfaction with how police are handling criminal cases has remained high, even as technology has been used to increase policing efficiency. Table 2. Average Response Time (average time of first line officer to arrive at the emergency location) Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Response time
365 secs
335 secs
329 secs
315 secs
281 secs
240 secs
237 secs
233 secs
222 secs
Table 3. Satisfaction Survey on Handling of Criminal Cases Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Good Fair Poor
83.95% 15.97% 0.08%
87.31% 12.60% 0.08%
86.84% 13.12% 0.04%
80.36% 19.60% 0.04%
79.22% 20.75% 0.03%
82.54% 17.44% 0.02%
83.77% 16.22% 0.02%
85.13% 14.86% 0.014%
83.95% 15.97% 0.08%
Chun-Young Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 159 (2019) 1715–1719 C. Y. Chang et al. / Procedia Computer Science 00 (2019) 000–000
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5. Conclusion and Future work New Taipei City is a densely populated area, but policing capability is restricted by insufficient staffing. A technology defence shield was designed by using smart systems to integrate five policing services, thereby maintaining quality public services while using human resources more efficiently to cover the shortage. The New Taipei City Technology Defence Plan is in place and running well. Technology and innovation can change the world. Even though technology brings convenience to life, convenience has its price. Services that rely on computer systems require technical know-how and regular maintenance. Each piece of hardware has its own replacement schedule. Moreover, daily life is full of unexpected events, including power failures, Internet disruptions, malware and human error. Service failures are not an option when responding to emergency situations. Establishing risk management and backup plans—including data, hardware and network redundancy—are as crucial as having the technicians to implement them. References [1] Guan C. (2000). Functions and Development of Fusion Center. 7th International Proceedings on Terrorism and Homeland Security, 1-20. [2] Allio, L. (2014). Design Thinking for Public Service Excellence. Singapore, Singapore: UNDP Global Centre for Public Service Excellence. [3] Adderley R., Musgrove P. (2001). Police crime recording and investigation systems: A user’s view. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 24, 100-114. 10.1108/13639510110382287. [4] Mollah M. B., Islam K., Islam S. (2012). E-Police System for Improved E-Government Services of Developing Countries. Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. 10.1109/CCECE.2012.6335057. [5] LUMA Institute (2012). Innovation for People: Handbook of Human-Centered Design Methods. Pittsburgh, PA: LUMA Institute. [6] PwC (2018). “Global Innovation 1000 Study: Investigating trends at the world’s 1000 largest corporate R&D spenders.” PwC network, www.strategyand.pwc.com/innovation1000.