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A taxonomic review of the fungal-inhabiting plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Korean Peninsula
Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 12 (2019) 249e256
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Original Article
A taxonomic review of the fungal-inhabiting plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Korean Peninsula Junggon Kim a, Jongok Lim b, Sunghoon Jung a, * a Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea b Department of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 18 October 2018 Received in revised form 17 January 2019 Accepted 19 January 2019 Available online 28 January 2019
The subfamily Cylapinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) is first reviewed from Eastern continental region, the Korean Peninsula, with findings of four newly recorded species. The tribe Bothriomirini Kirkaldy is recognized for the first time based on the specimens of Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga, 2000. The genera Fulvius and Peritropis are also first reported with discoveries of F. ussuriensis Kerzhner, 1973, F. nozawai Yasunaga & Wolski, 2017, and P. advena Kerzhner, 1973. The record of genus Punctifulvius is confirmed on the basis of the species of Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz, 1978. The variable character of F. nozawai between populations and ambiguous character of B. gotohi are discussed. The morphological information including diagnosis and brief biology of each species are presented. A key to the cylapine species in the continental region of Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere is also provided. Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: Cylapinae Continental region Eastern Hemisphere Miridae New record
Introduction The subfamily Cylapinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) is a small group and considered as one of the basal groups in Miridae (Jung and Lee 2012). This group is also known to be associated with fungi on decaying wood or rotten logs, suggesting probably fungalinhabiting mycetophagous group (Yasunaga 2000; Yasunaga and Miyamoto 2006). This subfamily includes more than 360 described species and is distributed in all zoogeographical regions (Namyatova et al 2018; Schuh 2002e2013). However, many of them (ca. 100 species) are reported from the Oriental Region (Wolski and Gorczyca 2012). Although many groups and species have been revised and described in many regions over the last two decades (e.g., Carvalho and Costa 1994; Cassis et al 2003; Gorczyca 1998; Wolski 2010; Wolski and Henry 2015; Wolski et al 2016), taxonomic knowledge of this group is still poorly understood. In Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere, Japanese fauna was recently investigated (Yasunaga 2000; Yasunaga and Miyamoto 2006; Yasunaga and Wolski 2017).
* Corresponding author. Tel.: þ82 42 821 5767; fax: þ82 42 823 8679. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Jung). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).
However, there has been no study for continental fauna since Kerzhner (1973) and Schmitz (1978) described some species from Far East Russia. In this study, the subfamily Cylapinae is first reviewed in continental region, the Korean Peninsula. The tribe Bothriomirini and two genera Peritropis and Fulvius are recognized for the first time. Redescription of three previously described species is provided. Diagnosis and description including male or female genitalia of each species are also presented with photographs and illustrations. A key to continental cylapine species in Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere is provided. Photographs of dorsal habitus of each specimen were taken using a Leica M165C microscope (Leica, Germany). Measurements were taken using the software program of the same microscope. All measurements are given in millimeters (mm). Terminology mainly follows Yasunaga (2000) for general morphology. For general female genitalia, Pluot-Sigwalt and Matocq (2017) is followed. In case of female genitalia of Bothriomirini, terminology follows Namyatova et al (2018). Specimens are deposited at the Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon, Korea. New distributional data were indicated with an asterisk. Systematic accounts Tribe Bothriomirini Kirkaldy, 1906 털보버섯장님노린재족(신 신칭)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.01.006 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Bothriomirini Kirkaldy 1906: 145. Type genus: Bothriomiris Kirkaldy, 1902. Dashymeniini Reuter 1910: 128 (Dashymeniaria). Type genus: Dashymenia Poppius, 1910. Diagnosis. Distinguished by head hypognathous, carina developed in posterior part; eye contiguous with posterior margin of head; antenna shorter than body length; labium not reaching or slightly surpassing posterior margin of metasternum; pronotum, scutellum and most part of hemelytra with distinct punctuations; tarsi with three segment. See Namyatova et al (2018) for detailed diagnosis. Genus Bothriomiris Kirkaldy, 1902 털보버섯장님노린재속(신 신칭) Bothriomiris Kirkaldy 1902: 270. Type species: Bothriomiris marmoratus Kirkaldy, 1902 (¼ Capsus dissimulans Walker, 1873). Bothriomiridius Poppius 1915: 44 (syn. Carvalho 1952: 49). Type species: Bothriomiridius lugubris Poppius, 1915. Diagnosis. Distinguished by first and second antennal segments narrower than width of clypeus; second antennal segment cylindrical; lateral margins of pronotum weakly angled; pleura with distinct punctations; evaporative area with peritreme of scent gland flattened. See Namyatova et al (2018) for detailed diagnosis. Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga, 2000 털보버섯장님노린재(신 신칭) (Figure 1AeE) Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga 2000: 205; Wolski and Yasunaga 2016: 180; Namyatova et al 2018: 28. Diagnosis. Distinguished by entirely dark brown dorsum, relatively long first antennal segment, labium reaching midcoxa, pale apex of scutellum, a pair of distinct pale marking of corium (Figure 1A); left paramere of male genitalia with a hooklike process basally; endosoma with a long and extended sclerite apically. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Description. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed original description, including structure of male genitalia. Female genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with developed apical outgrowth (AO); medial semicircular sclerite (MSS) curved medially; lateral sclerite (LS) straight, large sclerite connected to valvula (LSFV) distinctly visible (Figure 1BeC); posterior wall entirely membranous, membrane somewhat wrinkled (Figure 1D); valvula tapered to its apex, apex sharp, apical part with distinct serrated structure (Figure 1E).
Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 2). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 5.19e5.22; head length, excluding collar: 0.38e0.39; head width, including compound eyes: 1.51e1.53; vertex width: 0.80e0.81; 1st antennal segment length: 0.66e0.67; 2nd antennal segment length: 1.12e1.14; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.34e 0.36; 4th antennal segment length: 0.45e0.46; total antennal length: 2.57e2.63; 1st labial segment length: 0.52e0.53; 2nd labial segment length: 0.49e0.51; 3rd labial segment length: 0.35e0.36; 4th labial segment length: 0.36e0.37; total labial length: 1.72e1.77; mesal pronotal length: 1.26e1.28; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 2.11e2.14; anterior scutellumal width: 1.33e1.36; mesal scutellumal length: 0.97e0.99; commissure length: 0.90e0.92; hind leg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.73e1.75:2.10e2.15:0.51e0.52. Specimen examined. 2\\, Samdu-ri, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 25 vii 2016 (J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan and Korea*. Biology. All specimens of this species were collected from mixed forest in the southernmost part of the Korean Peninsula. Remarks. Yasunaga (2000) described and illustrated female genitalia with a pair of sclerotized ring. However, the rings are absent in the specimens examined for this study, which is the same situation indicated in Namyatova et al (2018) based on paratype specimen. Because weak sclerotized rings sometimes could be absent during experiment depending on condition of specimen, more examination is needed to verify whether this ambiguous character can be a variable character or examined specimens here are not conspecific. Tribe Fulviini Uhler, 1886 원장님노린재족 Teratodellini Reuter 1875: 75 (Teratodellaria). Type genus: Teratodella Reuter, 1875 (¼ Fulvius Stål, 1862). Fulviini Uhler 1886: 19 (Fulviaria). Type genus: Fulvius Stål, 1862. Lygaeoscytini Reuter 1893: 151 (Lygaeoscytina). Type genus: Lygaeoscytus Reuter, 1893. Peritropidini Kirkaldy 1906: 145 (Peritropini). Type genus: Peritropis Uhler, 1891. Rhinophrini Hsiao 1944: 383. Type genus: Rhinophrus Hsiao, 1944. Diagnosis. Distinguished by elongated body; relatively long and conical head. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Genus Fulvius Stål, 1862 버섯장님노린재속(신 신칭) Fulvius Stål 1862: 322. Type species: Fulvius anthocorides Stål, 1862. Teratodella Reuter 1875: 77 (syn. Reuter 1895: 131). Type species: Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter, 1875.
Figure 1. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Bothriomiris gotohi: A, dorsal habitus; B, dorsal bursa copulatrix; C, ventral wall of bursa copulatrix; D, posterior wall; E, valvula.. AO, apical outgrowth; LS, lateral sclerite; LSFV, large sclerite connected to valvula; MSS, medial semicircular sclerite.
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Pamerocoris Uhler 1877: 424 (syn. Reuter 1895: 131). Type species: Pamerocoris anthocoroides Uhler, 1877 (¼ Fulvius slateri Wheeler, 1977). Camelocapsus Reuter 1878: 140 (syn. Bergroth 1879: 38). Type species: Camelocapsus oxycarenoides Reuter, 1878. Silanus Distant 1909: 519 (syn. Bergroth 1914: 188). Type species: Silanus praefectus Distant, 1909. Oligocoris Jordan 1944: 8 (syn. Carvalho 1954: 188). Type species: Oligocoris bidentata Jordan, 1944, fossil. Diagnosis. Distinguished by relatively small and elongated body, generally dark coloration with pale markings dorsally; elongated head; pronotum relatively narrow. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis and additional information. Fulvius nozawai Yasunaga & Wolski, 2017 흰점버섯장님노린 재(신 신칭 ) (Figures 2AeD, 6AeB) Fulvius nozawai Yasunaga and Wolski 2017: 590. Diagnosis. Distinguished by elongated head; second antennal segment almost dark brown, its apical part pale brown; 2/3 basal part of corium and clavus pale brown; apex of femur reddish brown (Figure 2A); right paramere with relatively large process subapically in male genitalia; female genitalia with a pair of sclerotized ring with sharp apices and internal sclerite at base of the lateral oviduct (SC) (Figure 2B); posterior wall with wrinkled interramal sclerite (IRS) (Figure 2C); valvula rod-shaped, without tooth-like structure (Figure 2D). Description. See Yasunaga and Wolski (2017) for detailed original description. Female genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with a pair of sclerotized ring (SR) and internal sclerite at base of the lateral oviduct (SC); SR curved, with narrow and sharp apices (Figure 2B); SC U-shaped, narrow and curved; posterior wall with wrinkled interramal sclerite (IRS) (Figure 2C); valvula rod-shaped, wrinkled, without tooth-like structure (Figure 2D). Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 4) Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 3.50e3.54; head length, excluding collar: 0.55e 0.56; head width, including compound eyes: 0.55e0.56; vertex width: 0.25e0.26; 1st antennal segment length: 0.33e0.34; 2nd antennal segment length: 0.89e0.91; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.43e0.44; 4th antennal segment length: 0.56e0.58; total
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antennal length: 2.21e2.27; 1st labial segment length: 0.46e0.47; 2nd labial segment length: 0.66e0.68; 3rd labial segment length: 0.73e0.74; 4th labial segment length: 0.45e0.46; total labial length: 2.30e2.35; mesal pronotal length: 0.44e0.46; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 0.94e0.97; anterior scutellumal width: 0.75e0.77; mesal scutellumal length: 0.63e0.64; commissure length: 0.55e0.56; hind leg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.34e1.35: 1.55e1.58: 0.40e0.41. Specimen examined. 2\\, Gunja-ri, Dongsan-myeon, Chuncheonsi, Gangwon-do, Korea, 10 vii 2014 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 1\, Donam-ri, Geumnam-myeon, Sejong-si, Korea, 28 vii 2014 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 2\\, Jikdong-ri, Soheuleup, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 1 vii 2017 (J. Park leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan and Korea*. Biology. The nymph and adult of this species are usually found on bark of decaying or rotten logs with fungi (Figure 6AeB). This species is also attracted to artificial light trap. Remarks. In original description (and illustration) of this species, fore and mid femora are pale brown except for reddish apex (Yasunaga and Wolski 2017), while fore and mid femora of the specimens examined in Korean population are distinctly dark brown (Figure 2A). We considered this condition to be a variable character and finally identified this species as F. nozawai here, based on external characters (coloration of dorsal habitus and second antennal segment, proportion of pale part of hemelytra and body length) and distribution using female specimens. Therefore, future study based on male specimens is needed to verify whether Korean population is conspecific. Fulvius ussuriensis Kerzhner, 1973 검은수염버섯장님노린재(신 신칭) (Figure 3AeH) Fulvius ussuriensis Kerzhner 1973: 280. Diagnosis. Distinguished by entirely brown second antennal segment; width of head as long as length; labium reaching genital segment, but not reaching pygopore; 1/3e1/2 basal part of corium pale brown; 1/2 basal part of clavus pale brown (Figure 3AeB); sensory lobe of left paramere with long and dense setae (Figure 3CeD); subapical part of right paramere with one small protuberance (Figure 3F); endosoma with thick and bifurcated medial sclerite and relatively thin sclerites (Figure 3GeH).
Figure 2. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Fulvius nozawai: A, dorsal habitus; B, dorsal bursa copulatrix; C, posterior wall; D, valvula.. IRS, interramal sclerite; SC, sclerite at base of the lateral oviduct; SR, sclerotized ring.
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Figure 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus and male genitalia of Fulvius ussuriensis: A, habitus in dorsal view; B, ditto, lateral view; CeD, left paramere; E, apex of left paramere; F, right paramere (arrow: protuberance); GeH, endosoma..
Redescription. Male. Body elongated, length 4.01 mm. Coloration. Generally dark brown with some pale part on dorsum. Head: almost dark brown; antennae generally brown, basal part of first segment relatively paler, third and fourth segment entirely dark brown; labium almost dark brown, base and apex of first labial segment with pale marking. Thorax: pronotum almost dark brown, pronotal collar tinged with red; scutellum entirely dark brown with narrow longitudinal paler line, mesoscutum relatively paler; hemelytra generally dark brown with pale patterns; 1/2 basal part of clavus pale brown; 1/3e1/2 basal part of corium pale brown; cuneus entirely dark brown with pale marking; membrane grayish with dark veins; legs generally pale brown; coxa almost pale brown; forefemur pale brown tinged with reddish; mid and hind femur almost dark brown with pale apices; tibia dark brown, base and apex of tibia relatively paler. Abdomen: almost dark brown, middle part tinged with distinct red. Surface and vestiture. Body not glossy, dull, covered with dense and short pubescence; head covered with short golden pubescences; anterior part of pronotum with golden pubescences, posterior dark part with dark pubescences; scutellum with golden pubescences; hemelytron with golden and dark pubescences depending on area, dark part covered with dark pubescences; pale part covered with golden pubescences; cuneus without pubescences. Structure. Head: distinctly prognathous laterally, projected dorsally, width as long as length; vertex with weak longitudinal sulcus, vertex width shorter than first antennal segment; antennae shorter than length of body; first antennal segment cylindrical, thicker than second segment, third and fourth segment relatively thiner than second segment; compound eye reaching pronotal collar and ventral suture of maxillary plate in lateral view; labium reaching pygopore, first labial segment as long as length of head. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, posterior margin distinctly concave, mesal longitudinal length of pronotum shorter than basal maximal width; calli region largely developed, distinctly swollen; scutellum flat, not tumid laterally; commissure length shorter than length of scutellum; lateral margin of hemelytra slightly rounded; cuneal fracture weakly developed; legs
slender and long. Abdomen: elongate, not reaching apex of cuneus in lateral view. Genitalia. Left paramere scythe-shaped with long setae; hypophysis straight and long, its apex sharp and flattened, sensory lobe broadly developed (Figure 3CeE); right paramere curved, hypophysis blunt apically, sensory lobe with one small protuberance (Figure 3F); endosoma membranous, medial sclerite thick and bifurcated, other sclerites dense, short and thin (Figure 3GeH). Female. Not examined here. See Yasunaga and Wolski (2017) for the picture of female paratype specimen. Measurements (in mm). Male (n ¼ 1). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 3.38; head length, excluding collar: 0.52; head width, including compound eyes: 0.53; vertex width: 0.28; 1st antennal segment length: 0.47; 2nd antennal segment length: 1.21; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.43; 4th antennal segment length: 0.62; total antennal length: 2.73; 1st labial segment length: 0.49; 2nd labial segment length: 0.70; 3rd labial segment length: 0.77; 4th labial segment length: 0.45; total labial length: 2.41; mesal pronotal length: 0.45; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.00; anterior scutellumal width: 0.83; mesal scutellumal length: 0.60; commissure length: 0.55; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.39: 1.59: 0.41. Specimen examined. 1_, Jikdong-ri, Soheul-eup, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 3 vii 2018 (J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Russia and Korea*. Biology. This species is found on the bark of decaying logs with fungi. Genus Peritropis Uhler, 1891 얼룩버섯장님노린재속(신 신칭) Peritropis Uhler 1891: 121. Type species: Peritropis saldaeformis Uhler, 1891. Mevius Distant 1904: 453 (syn. Poppius 1909: 24). Type species: Mevius lewisi Distant, 1904. Diagnosis. Distinguished by oval and flat body, brown to fuscous coloration, impunctate and roughened; conical head; second antennal segment dark brown with the presence of a pale ring or
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spot; strongly carinated pronotum laterally; tarsus with two segments. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis and additional information. Peritropis advena Kerzhner, 1973 얼룩버섯장님노린재(신 신칭) (Figures 4AeD, 6C) Peritropis advena Kerzhner 1973: 279; Yasunaga 2000: 192. Diagnosis. Distinguished by generally fuscous coloration; entirely dark brown first antennal segment; medial pale small marking on second antennal segment; femur almost dark brown (Figure 4A); right paramere with a small and medial process. See Kerzhner (1973) and Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Redescription. Male. Not examined. Female. Body oval, length 3.88e3.91 mm. Coloration. Generally fuscous to dark brown with mottled pale patterns. Head: fuscous with mottled patterns; antennae almost dark brown, first segment entirely dark brown, second segment entirely dark brown except for pale medial marking; labium almost dark brown. Thorax: pronotum generally mottled brown, posterior margin generally pale brown with dark markings; scutellum almost dark brown with small pale markings, its apex pale brown; hemelytra almost dark brown with small pale patterns; posterior part of clavus pale brown; embolial margin and outer margin of cuneus slightly tinged with red; membrane grayish dark brown with pale small markings; legs almost dark brown; femur almost dark brown; tibia almost dark brown, base, middle
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part and apical part pale brown. Abdomen: almost dark brown. Surface and vestiture. Body somewhat glossy, rough, without any pubescence. Structure. Head: distinctly prognathous laterally, projected dorsally, width longer than length; vertex slightly hollow, vertex width as long as first antennal segment; antennae shorter than length of body; first antennal segment cylindrical, as thick as second segment, second segment slightly clavate, third and fourth segment distinctly thin; compound eye reaching pronotal collar and ventral suture of maxillary plate in lateral view; labium reaching basal part of abdomen, first labial segment longer than length of head. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, posterior margin sinuous, mesal longitudinal length of pronotum much shorter than basal maximal width, lateral margin rounded, apical part of anterior margin hollow; calli region largely developed, distinctly swollen; scutellum slightly rounded laterally; commissure length shorter than length of scutellum; lateral margin of hemelytra rounded; cuneal fracture weakly developed; legs slender; tarsus with two segments, second segment with medial line. Abdomen: elongate, reaching apex of cuneus in lateral view. Genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with a pair of sclerotized ring (SR); SR rounded, close to each other, with sharp and narrow apices (Figure 4B); posterior wall wrinkled membranous, with small and slender interramal sclerite (IRS) (Figure 4C); valvula rounded, without tooth-like structure (Figure 4D). Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 2). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 3.88e3.91; head length, excluding collar: 0.42e0.43;
Figure 4. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Peritropis advena: A, dorsal habitus; B, sclerotized rings; C, posterior wall; D, valvula.. IRS, interramal sclerite; SR, sclerotized ring.
Figure 5. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Punctifulvius kerzhneri: A, dorsal habitus; B, dorsal bursa copulatrix; C, anterior sac with spinulate area; D, posterior wall; E, valvula..IRS, interramal sclerite; MP, mesal sclerotized plate; SA, spinulate area; SR, sclerotized ring.
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Figure 6. Live nymph (A) and adult (BeD) of Cylapinae spp.: A, Fulvius nozawai; B, Fulvius nozawai; C, Peritropis advena; D, Punctifulvius kerzhneri.
head width, including compound eyes: 0.74e0.76; vertex width: 0.34e0.35; 1st antennal segment length: 0.34e0.35; 2nd antennal segment length: 1.08e1.10; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.29e0.30; 4th antennal segment length: 0.30e0.31; total antennal length: 2.01e2.06; 1st labial segment length: 0.50e0.51; 2nd labial segment length: 0.55e0.56; 3rd labial segment length: 0.57e0.58; 4th labial segment length: 0.46e0.47; total labial length: 2.08e2.12; mesal pronotal length: 0.55e0.57; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.50e1.53; anterior scutellumal width: 1.05e1.07; mesal scutellumal length: 0.84e0.86; commissure length: 0.69e0.71; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.11e1.13: 1.63e1.67: 0.38e0.40. Specimen examined. 1\, Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si, Korea, 23 vi 2015 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 1\, Seonheul-ri, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do (Is.), Korea, 18 vii 2017 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan, Russia, and Korea*. Biology. This species is usually found on the bark of decaying or rotten logs in the whole region in Korea, including subtropical Jeju Island (Figure 6C). This species is also attracted to artificial light trap. Genus Punctifulvius Schmitz, 1978 원장님노린재속 Punctifulvius Schmitz 1978: 190. Type species: Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz, 1978. Diagnosis. Distinguished by oval body, dark brown, distinctly punctate; relatively less conical head; one sclerotized ring with distinct spinulate area on anterior sac in bursa copulatrix in female genitalia. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis and additional information. Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz, 1978 원장님노린재 (Figure 5AeE) Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz 1978: 192; Yasunaga 2000: 198. Diagnosis. Distinguished by almost fuscous to dark brownish dorsum, oval, distinctly deep punctuations; first antennal segment pale, base and apex dark brown, second antennal segment almost
dark brown, except for pale base; femur pale brown with dark rings subapically (Figure 5A); left paramere with a process on sensory lobe, apex of process hook-shaped. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Redescription. Male. Not examined. Female. Body oval, length 4.12e4.15 mm. Coloration. Almost fuscous to dark brown except for antennae. Head: entirely fuscous to dark brown, except for a pair of pale marking on vertex, connecting compound eyes; antennae almost dark brown, first segment pale brown with dark base and apex, second segment entirely dark brown except for pale basal part; labium almost brown, first labial segment dark brown, except for dark apical part, fourth segment dark brown. Thorax: pronotum, scutellum and hemelytra entirely dark brown; peritreme ostiolar pale brown; membrane grayish dark brown; legs almost pale brown; coxa entirely pale brown; femur pale brown with dark brown rings in middle and apical part; tibia almost pale brown, basal part dark brown. Abdomen: almost dark brown. Surface and Vestiture. Body glossy, with deep punctuations, without any pubescence; head rough; posterior part of pronotum and hemelytra with deep and relatively large punctuations; calli region of pronotum and scutellum with small punctuations. Structure. Head: distinctly prognathous laterally, projected dorsally, width longer than length; vertex width longer than first antennal segment; antennae shorter than length of body; first antennal segment cylindrical, second segment not thicker than first segment, third and fourth segment distinctly thin; compound eye not reaching ventral suture of maxillary plate in lateral view; labium reaching basal part of abdomen, first labial segment longer than length of head. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, posterior margin slightly concave, mesal longitudinal length of pronotum much shorter than basal maximal width; calli region slightly swollen; commissure length as long as length of scutellum; lateral margin of hemelytra rounded; cuneal fracture strongly developed; legs slender; tarsus with three segments, third segment longest. Abdomen: reaching apex of cuneus in lateral view. Genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with one sclerotized ring (SR) with distinct spinulate area (SA) on anterior sac; SR wide, and crescent-shaped, narrow apices; SA ovoid (Figure 5BeC); posterior wall with narrow interramal sclerite (IRS) and trapezoideal mesal
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sclerotized plate (MP) (Figure 5D); valvula tapered to its apex, apex sharp, upper margin with distinct serrated structure (Figure 5E). Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 2). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 4.12e4.15; head length, excluding collar: 0.31e 0.32; head width, including compound eyes: 0.86e0.88; vertex width: 0.43e0.45; 1st antennal segment length: 0.31e0.32; 2nd antennal segment length: 0.93e0.95; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.51e0.53; 4th antennal segment length: 0.28e0.29; total antennal length: 2.03e2.09; 1st labial segment length: 0.56e0.57; 2nd labial segment length: 0.64e0.66; 3rd labial segment length: 0.71e0.73; 4th labial segment length: 0.53e0.54; total labial length: 2.44e2.50; mesal pronotal length: 0.64e0.65; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.60e1.63; anterior scutellumal width: 1.14e1.17; mesal scutellumal length: 0.88e0.90; commissure length: 0.86e0.87; hind leg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.42e1.44: 1.89e1.92: 0.50e0.51. Specimen examined. 1\, Donam-ri, Geumnam-myeon, Sejong-si, Korea, 28 vii 2014 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 1\, Sanghyo-dong, Seoguipo-si, Jeju-do (Is.), Korea, 17 vii 2017 (J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan, Russia, and Korea. Biology. This species is usually found on the bark of decaying or rotten logs with fungi and is distributed in the whole region in Korea, including subtropical Jeju Island (Figure 6D). This species is also attracted to artificial light trap. Key to continental species of Cylapinae in Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere 1. Labium short, not reaching hindcoxa; head relatively not projected dorsally; body wide, almost dark brown; corium with a pair of pale markings.B. gotohi [Bothriomirini: Bothriomiris] e Labium long, exceeding hindcoxa; head distinctly projected dorsally.....................2 [Fulviini] 2. Body elongated; hemelytra with pale part; legs relatively long............................3 [Fulvius] e Body wide; hemelytra almost unicolorous, sometimes with pale small spots; legs relatively short..............4 3. Length of head as long as width; second antennal segment entirely dark brown; 1/3 basal part of corium pale brown.......................F. ussuriensis e Length of head longer than width; second antennal segment almost dark brown, except for pale apical part; 2/3 basal part of corium pale brown................F. nozawai 4. Body dark brown with pale small spots; first antennal segment entirely dark brown; femur entirely dark brown, except for pale apex; tarsi two segments with medial line in second segment; membrane with pale small markings...P. advena [Peritropis] e Body entirely dark brown without any pale spots; first antennal segment almost pale brown; femur almost pale brown with dark rings subapically; tarsi three segments; membrane without any markings...........P. kerzhneri [Punctifulvius]
Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Mr WonGun Kim and Mr Jihwan Park for providing pictures and valuable specimens. The authors would also like to thank A.A. Namyatova for providing the picture of type specimen of F. ussuriensis. This work was supported by a basic science research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and
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Future Planning (NRF- 2017R1D1A3B03033847), supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea, supported by the Korea National Arboretum (KNA1-1-24, 182), and supported by research funds provided by the Chungnam National University. References Carvalho JCM, Costa LAA. 1994. The genus Fulvius from the Americas (Hemiptera: Miridae), vol. 65. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Zoología. pp. 63e135. Cassis G, Schwartz MD, Moulds T. 2003. Systematics and new taxa of the Vannius complex (Hemiptera:Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Australian Region. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 49:123e151. Distant WL. 1904. The fauna of British India, including Ceylan and Burma. Rhynchota 2 (part 2). London: Taylor & Francis. Distant WL. 1909. Descriptions of Oriental Capsidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 8 IV:440e454. Gorczyca J. 1998. A revision of Euchilofulvius (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). European Journal of Entomology 95:93e98. Hsiao TY. 1944. New genera and species of Oriental and Australian plant bugs in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 95:369e396. Jordan KHC. 1944. Oligocoris bidentata n. gen. et n. sp., eine Miride aus dem ostpreussischen Berstein (Hemiptera-Heteroptera: Miridae). Arbeiten Uber Morphologische Und Taxonomische Entomologie Aus Berlin Dahlem 11:1e8. Jung S, Lee S. 2012. Molecular phylogeny of the plant bugs (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the evolution of feeding habits. Cladistics 28:50e79. Kerzhner IM. 1973. New and little known Heteroptera from the Far East of the USSR. Trudy Zoolologicheskogo Instituta Akademiya Nauk SSSR 52:276e295. Kirkaldy GW. 1902. Memoir upon the Rhyncotal family Capsidae Auctt. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1902:243e272. Kirkaldy GW. 1906. List of the genera of the pagiopodous Hemiptera-Heteroptera, with their type species from 1758 to 1904 and also of the aquatic and semi-aquatic Trochalopoda. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 32:117e156. Namyatova AA, Contos P, Cassis G. 2018. New species, taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution of the tropical tribe Bothriomirini (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Insect Systematics and Evolution. Early view. Pluot-Sigwalt D, Matocq A. 2017. An investigation of the roof of the genital chamber in female plant-bugs with special emphasis on the “dorsal sac” (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.). Poppius B. 1915. H. Sauter’s Formosa-Ausbeute: Nabidae, Anthocoridae, Termatophylidae, Miridae, Isometopidae und Ceratocombidae (Hemiptera). Archiv Fur Naturgeschichte 80A (8):1e80. Reuter OM. 1875. Revisio critica Capsinarum praecipue Scandinaviae et Fenniae. Helsingfors: Akademisk Afhandling. Reuter OM. 1878. Déscription d’un hémiptère de la Gréce (Camelocapsus oxycarenoides nov. gen. et sp.). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1878: 1e140. Reuter OM. 1893. A singular genus of Capsidae. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 4 (2):151e152. Reuter OM. 1910. Neue Beiträge zur Phylogenie und Systematic der Miriden nebst einleitenden Bemerkunden über die Phylogenie der Heteropteren-Familien. Mit einer Stammbaumstafel. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 37 (3). iv þ 167 pp. Schmitz G. 1978. Description de deux nouveaux genres asiatiques de Fulviini Uhler 1886 (Heteroptera Miridae). Bulletin Et Annales De La Societe Entomologique De Belgique 114:183e195. Schuh RT. 2002e2013. On-line Systematic Catalog of Plant Bugs (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae). The American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http:// research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog/. (Accessed 16 October 2018). Stål C. 1862. Hemiptera Mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 23 (81e118):289e325. Uhler PR. 1877. Report upon the insects collected by P. A. Uhler, during the explorations of 1875, including monographs of the family Cydnidae and Saldae, and the Hemiptera, collected by A. S. Packard, Jr., M. D. Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories 3:355e475. Uhler PR. 1886. Check-list of the Hemiptera Heteroptera of North America. Brooklyn Entomological Society:1e32. Uhler PR. 1891. Observations on some remarkable forms of Capsidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 2:119e123. Wolski A. 2010. Revision of the Rhinocylapus-group (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa 2653:1e36. Wolski A, Gorczyca J. 2012. Plant bugs of the tribe Bothriomirini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Oriental Region: descriptions of eight new species and keys to Oriental genera and species of Bothriomiris Kirkaldy, Dashymenia Poppius, and Dashymeniella Poppius. Zootaxa 3412:1e41. Wolski A, Henry TJ. 2015. Review and a new subfamily placement of the plant bug genus Isometocoris Carvalho and Sailer, 1954 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), with the description of a new species from Brazil. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 117:407e418. Wolski A, Yasunaga T. 2016. Taxonomic review of the fungal-inhabiting plant bug genera Bothriomiris and Dashymenia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae:
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Cylapinae: Bothriomirini), with descriptions of two new species of Dashymenia from Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 64:176e186. Wolski A, Gorczyca J, Herczek A. 2016. A new species of the genus Hemiophthalmocoris from the Oriental Region (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Entomologica Americana 122 (1e2):97e103. Yasunaga T. 2000. The mirid subfamily Cylapinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) or fungal inhabiting plant bugs in Japan. Tijkschrift Voor Entomologie 143:183e209.
Yasunaga T, Miyamoto S. 2006. Second report on the Japanese cylapine plant bugs (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with description of five new species. In: Rabitsch editor. Hug the bug-For love of true bugs. Festschrift zum 70. Geburstag von Ernst Heiss. Denisia. Yasunaga T, Wolski A. 2017. A new species and a new synonymy of the plant bug genus Fulvius from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae). Zootaxa 4232 (4):588e592.
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Original Article
A taxonomic review of the fungal-inhabiting plant bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Korean Peninsula Junggon Kim a, Jongok Lim b, Sunghoon Jung a, * a Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea b Department of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
a r t i c l e i n f o
a b s t r a c t
Article history: Received 18 October 2018 Received in revised form 17 January 2019 Accepted 19 January 2019 Available online 28 January 2019
The subfamily Cylapinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) is first reviewed from Eastern continental region, the Korean Peninsula, with findings of four newly recorded species. The tribe Bothriomirini Kirkaldy is recognized for the first time based on the specimens of Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga, 2000. The genera Fulvius and Peritropis are also first reported with discoveries of F. ussuriensis Kerzhner, 1973, F. nozawai Yasunaga & Wolski, 2017, and P. advena Kerzhner, 1973. The record of genus Punctifulvius is confirmed on the basis of the species of Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz, 1978. The variable character of F. nozawai between populations and ambiguous character of B. gotohi are discussed. The morphological information including diagnosis and brief biology of each species are presented. A key to the cylapine species in the continental region of Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere is also provided. Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Keywords: Cylapinae Continental region Eastern Hemisphere Miridae New record
Introduction The subfamily Cylapinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) is a small group and considered as one of the basal groups in Miridae (Jung and Lee 2012). This group is also known to be associated with fungi on decaying wood or rotten logs, suggesting probably fungalinhabiting mycetophagous group (Yasunaga 2000; Yasunaga and Miyamoto 2006). This subfamily includes more than 360 described species and is distributed in all zoogeographical regions (Namyatova et al 2018; Schuh 2002e2013). However, many of them (ca. 100 species) are reported from the Oriental Region (Wolski and Gorczyca 2012). Although many groups and species have been revised and described in many regions over the last two decades (e.g., Carvalho and Costa 1994; Cassis et al 2003; Gorczyca 1998; Wolski 2010; Wolski and Henry 2015; Wolski et al 2016), taxonomic knowledge of this group is still poorly understood. In Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere, Japanese fauna was recently investigated (Yasunaga 2000; Yasunaga and Miyamoto 2006; Yasunaga and Wolski 2017).
* Corresponding author. Tel.: þ82 42 821 5767; fax: þ82 42 823 8679. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Jung). Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA).
However, there has been no study for continental fauna since Kerzhner (1973) and Schmitz (1978) described some species from Far East Russia. In this study, the subfamily Cylapinae is first reviewed in continental region, the Korean Peninsula. The tribe Bothriomirini and two genera Peritropis and Fulvius are recognized for the first time. Redescription of three previously described species is provided. Diagnosis and description including male or female genitalia of each species are also presented with photographs and illustrations. A key to continental cylapine species in Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere is provided. Photographs of dorsal habitus of each specimen were taken using a Leica M165C microscope (Leica, Germany). Measurements were taken using the software program of the same microscope. All measurements are given in millimeters (mm). Terminology mainly follows Yasunaga (2000) for general morphology. For general female genitalia, Pluot-Sigwalt and Matocq (2017) is followed. In case of female genitalia of Bothriomirini, terminology follows Namyatova et al (2018). Specimens are deposited at the Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon, Korea. New distributional data were indicated with an asterisk. Systematic accounts Tribe Bothriomirini Kirkaldy, 1906 털보버섯장님노린재족(신 신칭)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2019.01.006 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Ó 2019 National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA), Publishing Services by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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Bothriomirini Kirkaldy 1906: 145. Type genus: Bothriomiris Kirkaldy, 1902. Dashymeniini Reuter 1910: 128 (Dashymeniaria). Type genus: Dashymenia Poppius, 1910. Diagnosis. Distinguished by head hypognathous, carina developed in posterior part; eye contiguous with posterior margin of head; antenna shorter than body length; labium not reaching or slightly surpassing posterior margin of metasternum; pronotum, scutellum and most part of hemelytra with distinct punctuations; tarsi with three segment. See Namyatova et al (2018) for detailed diagnosis. Genus Bothriomiris Kirkaldy, 1902 털보버섯장님노린재속(신 신칭) Bothriomiris Kirkaldy 1902: 270. Type species: Bothriomiris marmoratus Kirkaldy, 1902 (¼ Capsus dissimulans Walker, 1873). Bothriomiridius Poppius 1915: 44 (syn. Carvalho 1952: 49). Type species: Bothriomiridius lugubris Poppius, 1915. Diagnosis. Distinguished by first and second antennal segments narrower than width of clypeus; second antennal segment cylindrical; lateral margins of pronotum weakly angled; pleura with distinct punctations; evaporative area with peritreme of scent gland flattened. See Namyatova et al (2018) for detailed diagnosis. Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga, 2000 털보버섯장님노린재(신 신칭) (Figure 1AeE) Bothriomiris gotohi Yasunaga 2000: 205; Wolski and Yasunaga 2016: 180; Namyatova et al 2018: 28. Diagnosis. Distinguished by entirely dark brown dorsum, relatively long first antennal segment, labium reaching midcoxa, pale apex of scutellum, a pair of distinct pale marking of corium (Figure 1A); left paramere of male genitalia with a hooklike process basally; endosoma with a long and extended sclerite apically. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Description. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed original description, including structure of male genitalia. Female genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with developed apical outgrowth (AO); medial semicircular sclerite (MSS) curved medially; lateral sclerite (LS) straight, large sclerite connected to valvula (LSFV) distinctly visible (Figure 1BeC); posterior wall entirely membranous, membrane somewhat wrinkled (Figure 1D); valvula tapered to its apex, apex sharp, apical part with distinct serrated structure (Figure 1E).
Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 2). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 5.19e5.22; head length, excluding collar: 0.38e0.39; head width, including compound eyes: 1.51e1.53; vertex width: 0.80e0.81; 1st antennal segment length: 0.66e0.67; 2nd antennal segment length: 1.12e1.14; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.34e 0.36; 4th antennal segment length: 0.45e0.46; total antennal length: 2.57e2.63; 1st labial segment length: 0.52e0.53; 2nd labial segment length: 0.49e0.51; 3rd labial segment length: 0.35e0.36; 4th labial segment length: 0.36e0.37; total labial length: 1.72e1.77; mesal pronotal length: 1.26e1.28; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 2.11e2.14; anterior scutellumal width: 1.33e1.36; mesal scutellumal length: 0.97e0.99; commissure length: 0.90e0.92; hind leg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.73e1.75:2.10e2.15:0.51e0.52. Specimen examined. 2\\, Samdu-ri, Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea, 25 vii 2016 (J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan and Korea*. Biology. All specimens of this species were collected from mixed forest in the southernmost part of the Korean Peninsula. Remarks. Yasunaga (2000) described and illustrated female genitalia with a pair of sclerotized ring. However, the rings are absent in the specimens examined for this study, which is the same situation indicated in Namyatova et al (2018) based on paratype specimen. Because weak sclerotized rings sometimes could be absent during experiment depending on condition of specimen, more examination is needed to verify whether this ambiguous character can be a variable character or examined specimens here are not conspecific. Tribe Fulviini Uhler, 1886 원장님노린재족 Teratodellini Reuter 1875: 75 (Teratodellaria). Type genus: Teratodella Reuter, 1875 (¼ Fulvius Stål, 1862). Fulviini Uhler 1886: 19 (Fulviaria). Type genus: Fulvius Stål, 1862. Lygaeoscytini Reuter 1893: 151 (Lygaeoscytina). Type genus: Lygaeoscytus Reuter, 1893. Peritropidini Kirkaldy 1906: 145 (Peritropini). Type genus: Peritropis Uhler, 1891. Rhinophrini Hsiao 1944: 383. Type genus: Rhinophrus Hsiao, 1944. Diagnosis. Distinguished by elongated body; relatively long and conical head. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Genus Fulvius Stål, 1862 버섯장님노린재속(신 신칭) Fulvius Stål 1862: 322. Type species: Fulvius anthocorides Stål, 1862. Teratodella Reuter 1875: 77 (syn. Reuter 1895: 131). Type species: Teratodella anthocoroides Reuter, 1875.
Figure 1. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Bothriomiris gotohi: A, dorsal habitus; B, dorsal bursa copulatrix; C, ventral wall of bursa copulatrix; D, posterior wall; E, valvula.
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Pamerocoris Uhler 1877: 424 (syn. Reuter 1895: 131). Type species: Pamerocoris anthocoroides Uhler, 1877 (¼ Fulvius slateri Wheeler, 1977). Camelocapsus Reuter 1878: 140 (syn. Bergroth 1879: 38). Type species: Camelocapsus oxycarenoides Reuter, 1878. Silanus Distant 1909: 519 (syn. Bergroth 1914: 188). Type species: Silanus praefectus Distant, 1909. Oligocoris Jordan 1944: 8 (syn. Carvalho 1954: 188). Type species: Oligocoris bidentata Jordan, 1944, fossil. Diagnosis. Distinguished by relatively small and elongated body, generally dark coloration with pale markings dorsally; elongated head; pronotum relatively narrow. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis and additional information. Fulvius nozawai Yasunaga & Wolski, 2017 흰점버섯장님노린 재(신 신칭 ) (Figures 2AeD, 6AeB) Fulvius nozawai Yasunaga and Wolski 2017: 590. Diagnosis. Distinguished by elongated head; second antennal segment almost dark brown, its apical part pale brown; 2/3 basal part of corium and clavus pale brown; apex of femur reddish brown (Figure 2A); right paramere with relatively large process subapically in male genitalia; female genitalia with a pair of sclerotized ring with sharp apices and internal sclerite at base of the lateral oviduct (SC) (Figure 2B); posterior wall with wrinkled interramal sclerite (IRS) (Figure 2C); valvula rod-shaped, without tooth-like structure (Figure 2D). Description. See Yasunaga and Wolski (2017) for detailed original description. Female genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with a pair of sclerotized ring (SR) and internal sclerite at base of the lateral oviduct (SC); SR curved, with narrow and sharp apices (Figure 2B); SC U-shaped, narrow and curved; posterior wall with wrinkled interramal sclerite (IRS) (Figure 2C); valvula rod-shaped, wrinkled, without tooth-like structure (Figure 2D). Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 4) Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 3.50e3.54; head length, excluding collar: 0.55e 0.56; head width, including compound eyes: 0.55e0.56; vertex width: 0.25e0.26; 1st antennal segment length: 0.33e0.34; 2nd antennal segment length: 0.89e0.91; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.43e0.44; 4th antennal segment length: 0.56e0.58; total
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antennal length: 2.21e2.27; 1st labial segment length: 0.46e0.47; 2nd labial segment length: 0.66e0.68; 3rd labial segment length: 0.73e0.74; 4th labial segment length: 0.45e0.46; total labial length: 2.30e2.35; mesal pronotal length: 0.44e0.46; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 0.94e0.97; anterior scutellumal width: 0.75e0.77; mesal scutellumal length: 0.63e0.64; commissure length: 0.55e0.56; hind leg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.34e1.35: 1.55e1.58: 0.40e0.41. Specimen examined. 2\\, Gunja-ri, Dongsan-myeon, Chuncheonsi, Gangwon-do, Korea, 10 vii 2014 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 1\, Donam-ri, Geumnam-myeon, Sejong-si, Korea, 28 vii 2014 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 2\\, Jikdong-ri, Soheuleup, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 1 vii 2017 (J. Park leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan and Korea*. Biology. The nymph and adult of this species are usually found on bark of decaying or rotten logs with fungi (Figure 6AeB). This species is also attracted to artificial light trap. Remarks. In original description (and illustration) of this species, fore and mid femora are pale brown except for reddish apex (Yasunaga and Wolski 2017), while fore and mid femora of the specimens examined in Korean population are distinctly dark brown (Figure 2A). We considered this condition to be a variable character and finally identified this species as F. nozawai here, based on external characters (coloration of dorsal habitus and second antennal segment, proportion of pale part of hemelytra and body length) and distribution using female specimens. Therefore, future study based on male specimens is needed to verify whether Korean population is conspecific. Fulvius ussuriensis Kerzhner, 1973 검은수염버섯장님노린재(신 신칭) (Figure 3AeH) Fulvius ussuriensis Kerzhner 1973: 280. Diagnosis. Distinguished by entirely brown second antennal segment; width of head as long as length; labium reaching genital segment, but not reaching pygopore; 1/3e1/2 basal part of corium pale brown; 1/2 basal part of clavus pale brown (Figure 3AeB); sensory lobe of left paramere with long and dense setae (Figure 3CeD); subapical part of right paramere with one small protuberance (Figure 3F); endosoma with thick and bifurcated medial sclerite and relatively thin sclerites (Figure 3GeH).
Figure 2. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Fulvius nozawai: A, dorsal habitus; B, dorsal bursa copulatrix; C, posterior wall; D, valvula.
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Figure 3. Dorsal and lateral habitus and male genitalia of Fulvius ussuriensis: A, habitus in dorsal view; B, ditto, lateral view; CeD, left paramere; E, apex of left paramere; F, right paramere (arrow: protuberance); GeH, endosoma.
Redescription. Male. Body elongated, length 4.01 mm. Coloration. Generally dark brown with some pale part on dorsum. Head: almost dark brown; antennae generally brown, basal part of first segment relatively paler, third and fourth segment entirely dark brown; labium almost dark brown, base and apex of first labial segment with pale marking. Thorax: pronotum almost dark brown, pronotal collar tinged with red; scutellum entirely dark brown with narrow longitudinal paler line, mesoscutum relatively paler; hemelytra generally dark brown with pale patterns; 1/2 basal part of clavus pale brown; 1/3e1/2 basal part of corium pale brown; cuneus entirely dark brown with pale marking; membrane grayish with dark veins; legs generally pale brown; coxa almost pale brown; forefemur pale brown tinged with reddish; mid and hind femur almost dark brown with pale apices; tibia dark brown, base and apex of tibia relatively paler. Abdomen: almost dark brown, middle part tinged with distinct red. Surface and vestiture. Body not glossy, dull, covered with dense and short pubescence; head covered with short golden pubescences; anterior part of pronotum with golden pubescences, posterior dark part with dark pubescences; scutellum with golden pubescences; hemelytron with golden and dark pubescences depending on area, dark part covered with dark pubescences; pale part covered with golden pubescences; cuneus without pubescences. Structure. Head: distinctly prognathous laterally, projected dorsally, width as long as length; vertex with weak longitudinal sulcus, vertex width shorter than first antennal segment; antennae shorter than length of body; first antennal segment cylindrical, thicker than second segment, third and fourth segment relatively thiner than second segment; compound eye reaching pronotal collar and ventral suture of maxillary plate in lateral view; labium reaching pygopore, first labial segment as long as length of head. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, posterior margin distinctly concave, mesal longitudinal length of pronotum shorter than basal maximal width; calli region largely developed, distinctly swollen; scutellum flat, not tumid laterally; commissure length shorter than length of scutellum; lateral margin of hemelytra slightly rounded; cuneal fracture weakly developed; legs
slender and long. Abdomen: elongate, not reaching apex of cuneus in lateral view. Genitalia. Left paramere scythe-shaped with long setae; hypophysis straight and long, its apex sharp and flattened, sensory lobe broadly developed (Figure 3CeE); right paramere curved, hypophysis blunt apically, sensory lobe with one small protuberance (Figure 3F); endosoma membranous, medial sclerite thick and bifurcated, other sclerites dense, short and thin (Figure 3GeH). Female. Not examined here. See Yasunaga and Wolski (2017) for the picture of female paratype specimen. Measurements (in mm). Male (n ¼ 1). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 3.38; head length, excluding collar: 0.52; head width, including compound eyes: 0.53; vertex width: 0.28; 1st antennal segment length: 0.47; 2nd antennal segment length: 1.21; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.43; 4th antennal segment length: 0.62; total antennal length: 2.73; 1st labial segment length: 0.49; 2nd labial segment length: 0.70; 3rd labial segment length: 0.77; 4th labial segment length: 0.45; total labial length: 2.41; mesal pronotal length: 0.45; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.00; anterior scutellumal width: 0.83; mesal scutellumal length: 0.60; commissure length: 0.55; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.39: 1.59: 0.41. Specimen examined. 1_, Jikdong-ri, Soheul-eup, Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 3 vii 2018 (J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Russia and Korea*. Biology. This species is found on the bark of decaying logs with fungi. Genus Peritropis Uhler, 1891 얼룩버섯장님노린재속(신 신칭) Peritropis Uhler 1891: 121. Type species: Peritropis saldaeformis Uhler, 1891. Mevius Distant 1904: 453 (syn. Poppius 1909: 24). Type species: Mevius lewisi Distant, 1904. Diagnosis. Distinguished by oval and flat body, brown to fuscous coloration, impunctate and roughened; conical head; second antennal segment dark brown with the presence of a pale ring or
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spot; strongly carinated pronotum laterally; tarsus with two segments. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis and additional information. Peritropis advena Kerzhner, 1973 얼룩버섯장님노린재(신 신칭) (Figures 4AeD, 6C) Peritropis advena Kerzhner 1973: 279; Yasunaga 2000: 192. Diagnosis. Distinguished by generally fuscous coloration; entirely dark brown first antennal segment; medial pale small marking on second antennal segment; femur almost dark brown (Figure 4A); right paramere with a small and medial process. See Kerzhner (1973) and Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Redescription. Male. Not examined. Female. Body oval, length 3.88e3.91 mm. Coloration. Generally fuscous to dark brown with mottled pale patterns. Head: fuscous with mottled patterns; antennae almost dark brown, first segment entirely dark brown, second segment entirely dark brown except for pale medial marking; labium almost dark brown. Thorax: pronotum generally mottled brown, posterior margin generally pale brown with dark markings; scutellum almost dark brown with small pale markings, its apex pale brown; hemelytra almost dark brown with small pale patterns; posterior part of clavus pale brown; embolial margin and outer margin of cuneus slightly tinged with red; membrane grayish dark brown with pale small markings; legs almost dark brown; femur almost dark brown; tibia almost dark brown, base, middle
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part and apical part pale brown. Abdomen: almost dark brown. Surface and vestiture. Body somewhat glossy, rough, without any pubescence. Structure. Head: distinctly prognathous laterally, projected dorsally, width longer than length; vertex slightly hollow, vertex width as long as first antennal segment; antennae shorter than length of body; first antennal segment cylindrical, as thick as second segment, second segment slightly clavate, third and fourth segment distinctly thin; compound eye reaching pronotal collar and ventral suture of maxillary plate in lateral view; labium reaching basal part of abdomen, first labial segment longer than length of head. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, posterior margin sinuous, mesal longitudinal length of pronotum much shorter than basal maximal width, lateral margin rounded, apical part of anterior margin hollow; calli region largely developed, distinctly swollen; scutellum slightly rounded laterally; commissure length shorter than length of scutellum; lateral margin of hemelytra rounded; cuneal fracture weakly developed; legs slender; tarsus with two segments, second segment with medial line. Abdomen: elongate, reaching apex of cuneus in lateral view. Genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with a pair of sclerotized ring (SR); SR rounded, close to each other, with sharp and narrow apices (Figure 4B); posterior wall wrinkled membranous, with small and slender interramal sclerite (IRS) (Figure 4C); valvula rounded, without tooth-like structure (Figure 4D). Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 2). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 3.88e3.91; head length, excluding collar: 0.42e0.43;
Figure 4. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Peritropis advena: A, dorsal habitus; B, sclerotized rings; C, posterior wall; D, valvula.
Figure 5. Dorsal habitus and female genitalia of Punctifulvius kerzhneri: A, dorsal habitus; B, dorsal bursa copulatrix; C, anterior sac with spinulate area; D, posterior wall; E, valvula.
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Figure 6. Live nymph (A) and adult (BeD) of Cylapinae spp.: A, Fulvius nozawai; B, Fulvius nozawai; C, Peritropis advena; D, Punctifulvius kerzhneri.
head width, including compound eyes: 0.74e0.76; vertex width: 0.34e0.35; 1st antennal segment length: 0.34e0.35; 2nd antennal segment length: 1.08e1.10; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.29e0.30; 4th antennal segment length: 0.30e0.31; total antennal length: 2.01e2.06; 1st labial segment length: 0.50e0.51; 2nd labial segment length: 0.55e0.56; 3rd labial segment length: 0.57e0.58; 4th labial segment length: 0.46e0.47; total labial length: 2.08e2.12; mesal pronotal length: 0.55e0.57; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.50e1.53; anterior scutellumal width: 1.05e1.07; mesal scutellumal length: 0.84e0.86; commissure length: 0.69e0.71; hindleg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.11e1.13: 1.63e1.67: 0.38e0.40. Specimen examined. 1\, Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon-si, Korea, 23 vi 2015 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 1\, Seonheul-ri, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do (Is.), Korea, 18 vii 2017 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan, Russia, and Korea*. Biology. This species is usually found on the bark of decaying or rotten logs in the whole region in Korea, including subtropical Jeju Island (Figure 6C). This species is also attracted to artificial light trap. Genus Punctifulvius Schmitz, 1978 원장님노린재속 Punctifulvius Schmitz 1978: 190. Type species: Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz, 1978. Diagnosis. Distinguished by oval body, dark brown, distinctly punctate; relatively less conical head; one sclerotized ring with distinct spinulate area on anterior sac in bursa copulatrix in female genitalia. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis and additional information. Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz, 1978 원장님노린재 (Figure 5AeE) Punctifulvius kerzhneri Schmitz 1978: 192; Yasunaga 2000: 198. Diagnosis. Distinguished by almost fuscous to dark brownish dorsum, oval, distinctly deep punctuations; first antennal segment pale, base and apex dark brown, second antennal segment almost
dark brown, except for pale base; femur pale brown with dark rings subapically (Figure 5A); left paramere with a process on sensory lobe, apex of process hook-shaped. See Yasunaga (2000) for detailed diagnosis. Redescription. Male. Not examined. Female. Body oval, length 4.12e4.15 mm. Coloration. Almost fuscous to dark brown except for antennae. Head: entirely fuscous to dark brown, except for a pair of pale marking on vertex, connecting compound eyes; antennae almost dark brown, first segment pale brown with dark base and apex, second segment entirely dark brown except for pale basal part; labium almost brown, first labial segment dark brown, except for dark apical part, fourth segment dark brown. Thorax: pronotum, scutellum and hemelytra entirely dark brown; peritreme ostiolar pale brown; membrane grayish dark brown; legs almost pale brown; coxa entirely pale brown; femur pale brown with dark brown rings in middle and apical part; tibia almost pale brown, basal part dark brown. Abdomen: almost dark brown. Surface and Vestiture. Body glossy, with deep punctuations, without any pubescence; head rough; posterior part of pronotum and hemelytra with deep and relatively large punctuations; calli region of pronotum and scutellum with small punctuations. Structure. Head: distinctly prognathous laterally, projected dorsally, width longer than length; vertex width longer than first antennal segment; antennae shorter than length of body; first antennal segment cylindrical, second segment not thicker than first segment, third and fourth segment distinctly thin; compound eye not reaching ventral suture of maxillary plate in lateral view; labium reaching basal part of abdomen, first labial segment longer than length of head. Thorax: pronotum trapezoid, posterior margin slightly concave, mesal longitudinal length of pronotum much shorter than basal maximal width; calli region slightly swollen; commissure length as long as length of scutellum; lateral margin of hemelytra rounded; cuneal fracture strongly developed; legs slender; tarsus with three segments, third segment longest. Abdomen: reaching apex of cuneus in lateral view. Genitalia. Bursa copulatrix with one sclerotized ring (SR) with distinct spinulate area (SA) on anterior sac; SR wide, and crescent-shaped, narrow apices; SA ovoid (Figure 5BeC); posterior wall with narrow interramal sclerite (IRS) and trapezoideal mesal
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sclerotized plate (MP) (Figure 5D); valvula tapered to its apex, apex sharp, upper margin with distinct serrated structure (Figure 5E). Measurements (in mm). Female (n ¼ 2). Body length, tylus-apex of membrane: 4.12e4.15; head length, excluding collar: 0.31e 0.32; head width, including compound eyes: 0.86e0.88; vertex width: 0.43e0.45; 1st antennal segment length: 0.31e0.32; 2nd antennal segment length: 0.93e0.95; 3rd antennal segment length: 0.51e0.53; 4th antennal segment length: 0.28e0.29; total antennal length: 2.03e2.09; 1st labial segment length: 0.56e0.57; 2nd labial segment length: 0.64e0.66; 3rd labial segment length: 0.71e0.73; 4th labial segment length: 0.53e0.54; total labial length: 2.44e2.50; mesal pronotal length: 0.64e0.65; basal pronotal maximal width (straight): 1.60e1.63; anterior scutellumal width: 1.14e1.17; mesal scutellumal length: 0.88e0.90; commissure length: 0.86e0.87; hind leg (femur: tibia: tarsus): 1.42e1.44: 1.89e1.92: 0.50e0.51. Specimen examined. 1\, Donam-ri, Geumnam-myeon, Sejong-si, Korea, 28 vii 2014 (J. Kim leg. by light trap)-coll. CNU; 1\, Sanghyo-dong, Seoguipo-si, Jeju-do (Is.), Korea, 17 vii 2017 (J. Kim leg.)-coll. CNU. Distribution. Japan, Russia, and Korea. Biology. This species is usually found on the bark of decaying or rotten logs with fungi and is distributed in the whole region in Korea, including subtropical Jeju Island (Figure 6D). This species is also attracted to artificial light trap. Key to continental species of Cylapinae in Eastern Palaearctic Hemisphere 1. Labium short, not reaching hindcoxa; head relatively not projected dorsally; body wide, almost dark brown; corium with a pair of pale markings.B. gotohi [Bothriomirini: Bothriomiris] e Labium long, exceeding hindcoxa; head distinctly projected dorsally.....................2 [Fulviini] 2. Body elongated; hemelytra with pale part; legs relatively long............................3 [Fulvius] e Body wide; hemelytra almost unicolorous, sometimes with pale small spots; legs relatively short..............4 3. Length of head as long as width; second antennal segment entirely dark brown; 1/3 basal part of corium pale brown.......................F. ussuriensis e Length of head longer than width; second antennal segment almost dark brown, except for pale apical part; 2/3 basal part of corium pale brown................F. nozawai 4. Body dark brown with pale small spots; first antennal segment entirely dark brown; femur entirely dark brown, except for pale apex; tarsi two segments with medial line in second segment; membrane with pale small markings...P. advena [Peritropis] e Body entirely dark brown without any pale spots; first antennal segment almost pale brown; femur almost pale brown with dark rings subapically; tarsi three segments; membrane without any markings...........P. kerzhneri [Punctifulvius]
Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Mr WonGun Kim and Mr Jihwan Park for providing pictures and valuable specimens. The authors would also like to thank A.A. Namyatova for providing the picture of type specimen of F. ussuriensis. This work was supported by a basic science research program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and
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Future Planning (NRF- 2017R1D1A3B03033847), supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea, supported by the Korea National Arboretum (KNA1-1-24, 182), and supported by research funds provided by the Chungnam National University. References Carvalho JCM, Costa LAA. 1994. The genus Fulvius from the Americas (Hemiptera: Miridae), vol. 65. Anales del Instituto de Biología, Zoología. pp. 63e135. Cassis G, Schwartz MD, Moulds T. 2003. Systematics and new taxa of the Vannius complex (Hemiptera:Miridae: Cylapinae) from the Australian Region. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 49:123e151. Distant WL. 1904. The fauna of British India, including Ceylan and Burma. Rhynchota 2 (part 2). London: Taylor & Francis. Distant WL. 1909. Descriptions of Oriental Capsidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 8 IV:440e454. Gorczyca J. 1998. 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