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ABDOMINAL INCISIONS
250 Asked further whether the assured relatives agreed with him in hoping that the insurance money would "come in handy," he replied, "They didn’t know about it ; they hadn’t to pass the doctors because the amounts weren’t big enough." The committee finds itself unable to resist the conclusion that this humble tradesman, in thus burdening himself with premium payments of 9s. a week, was deliberately gambling Some of the policies were probably on human life. illegal as being effected on persons outside the permitted list of relations, and it is significant that those persons " didn’t know about it," and "didn’t have to pass the doctors."
rival theories of the causation of rickets, but have enabled a rational plan of prevention and treatment to be built up. Last year he was awarded the Royal medal of the Royal Society for this work. He has also done original research in many other fields, among others upon the properties of alcohol under the aegis of the Medical Research Council. The trustees of the late James Maxwell Grant Prophit have just granted him, on the recommendation of the Royal College of Physicians of London, a studentship in cancer research, while he was recently designated Sheild professor of pharmacology at Cambridge, an appointment which may, at the discretion of the trustees, terminate with his tenure. The Royal College of Physicians of London elected him Oliver Sharpey lecturer in 1922 and Croonian lecturer in 1933. Prof. Mellanby assumes full duty as secretary to the Medical Research Council with the commencement of next year.
ABDOMINAL INCISIONS THE nature and lines of incision through the abdominal wall are many and various, depending, as they do, not only on the site of the operation but on the taste of the operator; in all cases, however there is the natural desire to leave the wall THE KITCHENER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, as little damaged as possible. Dr. Francis Davies and KHARTOUM Mr. C. P. G. Wakeley,l writing from the anatomical IN 1924 the Sudan Government opened a medical side, draw attention to the advantages of transverse incisions. The main anatomical points on which school with the object of building up a corps of they insist are first, the fact that the action of the Sudanese doctors who would be specially trained in muscular wall as a whole is to produce a transverse the peculiar requirements of the country and gradually pull; and secondly, that the direction and disposition replace the Syrian and other doctors recruited from of the nerves in the wall makes them less liable to abroad so that, except for a few British specialists, effective injury in a transverse cut, especially in the whole Sudan Medical Service would be native. the upper abdomen. The descriptive distribution Ten students were therefore selected from graduates of nerves in the body wall has been altered consider- of the Gordon College and, were given a four-years’ ably by anatomists during the last decade, but the course of sound scientific medical training, shorn as general lines of direction remain, and there seems much as possible of non-essentials. This daring to be no question that the value of the transverse experiment has attracted severe criticism sometimes incision is well based on this ground, for it is likely amounting to ridicule, but there seems to be every that post-operative herniæ are consequent on injuries prospect that the critics will have to modify their of nerves more than on other lesions in the wall. opinions. The fourth report of the school, covering Longitudinal cuts, when lateral to the paramedianthe years 1931-32, shows that in every year, except line, divide nerves of necessity and are also subject 1926, 8 to 10 new students were admitted ; of a total to the transverse pull of the wall. Davies and of 84 students, 34 have graduated, 35 are still under Wakeley recommend a paramedian incision, with training as medical students or as sanitary officers.splitting of the rectus, for sigmoid colostomy ; here an alternative career offered to students who are not the overlap in innervation of the muscle obviates quite up to the medical standard-and 15 were advised .subsequent weakness in sphincteric function. Definite to retire as unsuitable. Of the 34 graduates, the nine recognition of the position of the nerves in the wall who passed at the beginning of this year have, as .of the belly is clearly important when planning usual, been sent to the larger hospitals for a postextensive abdominal incisions with an eye to subse- graduate year in house posts. Of the remaining 25, four have shown outstanding character and ability ,quent function. and are medical officers in charge of four of the larger THE SECRETARY TO THE MEDICAL RESEARCH hospitals. Eighteen are said to be thoroughly COUNCIL and reliable in posts of unsupervised competent Prof. Edward Mellanby, F.R.S., who has been a I and some of them may well take their responsibility, - member of the Medical Research Council since 1931, the first four. The remaining three are with , places has been appointed to succeed the late Sir Waltercompetent ( under supervision and will, it is thought, Fletcher as its secretary. Prof. Mellanby was educated develop enough responsibility to act alone. 1 probably - at Barnard Castle school and Cambridge University Since these native doctors need less leave than From Cambridg e .as a scholar of Emmanuel College. Syrians and can take it at any time, they saved the. he went to St. Thomas’s Hospital, where he gained Sudan budget a sum of £E14,000 in 1933 alone. many distinctions. He was appointed demonstrator Candidates spend a preliminary two years studying .of physiology in 1909, resigning this post on his chemistry, and physics at the Gordon College biology, election in 1910 to one of the first Beit Fellowships. and another year at the medical school. In their In 1913 he was appointed to a chair of physiology second year at the school they learn anatomy and s in the University of London (King’s College for physiology, the course being strictly limited to Women), and since 1920 has held the chair of pharma- knowledge which will be of practical use. The cology at Sheffield University. Prof. Mellanby’stthird and fourth years are given to professional study .experimental work on rickets, especially on the rela- in i hospital, and the post-graduate year is said to be tive importance of diet and confinement in thee equivalent to the fifth year of an English course. production of rickets in puppies, excited widespread The final examinations are always supervised by an interest from its first publication in book form as assessor unconnected with the Sudan. Mr. Warren No. 61 of the special report series of the Council in I who acted in this capacity last year, states Low, 1921. He has since played a large part in the distthat the complete training is equal to a five-years’ ,coveries which have not only harmonised the twoccurriculum in England and that at least four of the would have satisfied the examiners at a Zealand Jour. New 381. 1 Australian and Surg., 1933, vii., graduates
rival theories of the causation of rickets, but have enabled a rational plan of prevention and treatment to be built up. Last year he was awarded the Royal medal of the Royal Society for this work. He has also done original research in many other fields, among others upon the properties of alcohol under the aegis of the Medical Research Council. The trustees of the late James Maxwell Grant Prophit have just granted him, on the recommendation of the Royal College of Physicians of London, a studentship in cancer research, while he was recently designated Sheild professor of pharmacology at Cambridge, an appointment which may, at the discretion of the trustees, terminate with his tenure. The Royal College of Physicians of London elected him Oliver Sharpey lecturer in 1922 and Croonian lecturer in 1933. Prof. Mellanby assumes full duty as secretary to the Medical Research Council with the commencement of next year.
ABDOMINAL INCISIONS THE nature and lines of incision through the abdominal wall are many and various, depending, as they do, not only on the site of the operation but on the taste of the operator; in all cases, however there is the natural desire to leave the wall THE KITCHENER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE, as little damaged as possible. Dr. Francis Davies and KHARTOUM Mr. C. P. G. Wakeley,l writing from the anatomical IN 1924 the Sudan Government opened a medical side, draw attention to the advantages of transverse incisions. The main anatomical points on which school with the object of building up a corps of they insist are first, the fact that the action of the Sudanese doctors who would be specially trained in muscular wall as a whole is to produce a transverse the peculiar requirements of the country and gradually pull; and secondly, that the direction and disposition replace the Syrian and other doctors recruited from of the nerves in the wall makes them less liable to abroad so that, except for a few British specialists, effective injury in a transverse cut, especially in the whole Sudan Medical Service would be native. the upper abdomen. The descriptive distribution Ten students were therefore selected from graduates of nerves in the body wall has been altered consider- of the Gordon College and, were given a four-years’ ably by anatomists during the last decade, but the course of sound scientific medical training, shorn as general lines of direction remain, and there seems much as possible of non-essentials. This daring to be no question that the value of the transverse experiment has attracted severe criticism sometimes incision is well based on this ground, for it is likely amounting to ridicule, but there seems to be every that post-operative herniæ are consequent on injuries prospect that the critics will have to modify their of nerves more than on other lesions in the wall. opinions. The fourth report of the school, covering Longitudinal cuts, when lateral to the paramedianthe years 1931-32, shows that in every year, except line, divide nerves of necessity and are also subject 1926, 8 to 10 new students were admitted ; of a total to the transverse pull of the wall. Davies and of 84 students, 34 have graduated, 35 are still under Wakeley recommend a paramedian incision, with training as medical students or as sanitary officers.splitting of the rectus, for sigmoid colostomy ; here an alternative career offered to students who are not the overlap in innervation of the muscle obviates quite up to the medical standard-and 15 were advised .subsequent weakness in sphincteric function. Definite to retire as unsuitable. Of the 34 graduates, the nine recognition of the position of the nerves in the wall who passed at the beginning of this year have, as .of the belly is clearly important when planning usual, been sent to the larger hospitals for a postextensive abdominal incisions with an eye to subse- graduate year in house posts. Of the remaining 25, four have shown outstanding character and ability ,quent function. and are medical officers in charge of four of the larger THE SECRETARY TO THE MEDICAL RESEARCH hospitals. Eighteen are said to be thoroughly COUNCIL and reliable in posts of unsupervised competent Prof. Edward Mellanby, F.R.S., who has been a I and some of them may well take their responsibility, - member of the Medical Research Council since 1931, the first four. The remaining three are with , places has been appointed to succeed the late Sir Waltercompetent ( under supervision and will, it is thought, Fletcher as its secretary. Prof. Mellanby was educated develop enough responsibility to act alone. 1 probably - at Barnard Castle school and Cambridge University Since these native doctors need less leave than From Cambridg e .as a scholar of Emmanuel College. Syrians and can take it at any time, they saved the. he went to St. Thomas’s Hospital, where he gained Sudan budget a sum of £E14,000 in 1933 alone. many distinctions. He was appointed demonstrator Candidates spend a preliminary two years studying .of physiology in 1909, resigning this post on his chemistry, and physics at the Gordon College biology, election in 1910 to one of the first Beit Fellowships. and another year at the medical school. In their In 1913 he was appointed to a chair of physiology second year at the school they learn anatomy and s in the University of London (King’s College for physiology, the course being strictly limited to Women), and since 1920 has held the chair of pharma- knowledge which will be of practical use. The cology at Sheffield University. Prof. Mellanby’stthird and fourth years are given to professional study .experimental work on rickets, especially on the rela- in i hospital, and the post-graduate year is said to be tive importance of diet and confinement in thee equivalent to the fifth year of an English course. production of rickets in puppies, excited widespread The final examinations are always supervised by an interest from its first publication in book form as assessor unconnected with the Sudan. Mr. Warren No. 61 of the special report series of the Council in I who acted in this capacity last year, states Low, 1921. He has since played a large part in the distthat the complete training is equal to a five-years’ ,coveries which have not only harmonised the twoccurriculum in England and that at least four of the would have satisfied the examiners at a Zealand Jour. New 381. 1 Australian and Surg., 1933, vii., graduates