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Abstract # 3131 Increased Iba1-immunoreactive microglia and elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 expression in the rat frontal cortex in response to chronic sleep restriction
Abstracts / Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 76 (2019) e1–e43
symptoms severity (p = 0.003), overall symptoms severity (p = 0.004), general psychopathology (p = 0.001) and treatment response (p = 0.007). A combined inflammatory-metabolic factor proved to predict the clinical course of psychosis and offer an important target for early interventions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.249
Abstract # 3129 Stress management and immune-physiological changes in emergency teams during rescue operations S. Capellino a, M. Claus a, V. Hagemann b, M. Kühn c, M. Owczarek c, M. Pacharra d, C. Peifer c, H. Steffens e, C. Watzl a, E. Wascher d a IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dept. of Immunology, Ardeystr 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany b University of Bremen, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics, Germany c Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Psychology, Germany d IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dept. of Ergonomics, Germany e Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund Dortmund, Germany
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d Graudate Institute of Cognitive and Neurosciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) on clinical symptoms in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One hundred and five youth with a DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD were recruited from a medical centre. The youth were randomised into two groups, one group received n-3 PUFAs (1 g EPA) and the other group received placebo (1 g olive oil) for 12 weeks. The youth were assessed for their ADHD symptoms with SNAP-IV scales at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12; ninety-eight had completed the study. Overall, there was no difference in symptom reduction between n-3 PUFAs and placebo groups. However, when we analysed the data of 29 youth with ADHD, predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes, without comorbidity such as oppositional defiant disorder, the omega-3 group (n = 17, age 9.7 + 4.2 years) had a greater reduction in inattention subscale scores and total ADHD scores at week 8 (p = .003, p = .006) and week 12 (p = .029, p = .040) than placebo group (n = 12, age 8.8 + 3.1). In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs supplementation such as EPA, improve attention in a subpopulation of youth with ADHD. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.251
Background: Emergency medical teams experience stress not only from traumatic events, but also from many small stressors during their everyday work. Despite the high stress level, paramedics seem to ignore or even negate the stress. As this can be detrimental and lead to stress-related diseases, the aim of this study is to empirically investigate the divergence between physiological and psychological stress responses of paramedics compared to healthy controls. Methods: Participants were 19 paramedics and 17 age- and sexmatched white-collar workers as controls. We assessed psychological stress parameters with self-report questionnaires. Cortisol levels were measured as cortisol awakening response (CAR) using saliva samples and the quantification of immune parameters was performed in blood. Results: Absolute leucocyte count did not differ significantly between paramedics and control. However, the CAR was higher in paramedics compared to controls. Despite the higher CAR, the answers in the questionnaires regarding chronic stress, burnout, satisfaction about life and health did not differ between paramedics and controls. Conclusions: Paramedics have higher cortisol values compared to controls, thus suggesting higher stress. As expected, we did not find a difference between paramedics and controls in the subjective reports, supporting the assumption that paramedics negate their daily stress, probably due to high identification with their job. Our findings underline the importance to develop stress-management interventions for paramedics including a sensitization of paramedics for their stress reactions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.250
Abstract # 3130 Omega-3 fatty acids improve attention in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder J. Chang a,b,c,d, K. Su a,b,c,d, V. Mondelli a, C.M. Pariante a a
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, United States b Department of Psychiatry, and Mind-Body Interface Lab (MBI Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan c College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Abstract # 3131 Increased Iba1-immunoreactive microglia and elevated antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 expression in the rat frontal cortex in response to chronic sleep restriction S.E. Hall a, S. Deurveilher a, K. Semba a,b,c a
Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United States b Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, United States c Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada We recently found evidence for microglia activation in the rat brain using a model of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) that elicits adaptive responses in sleep and attention. Specifically, we found that 1 and 4 days of CSR increased the number of Iba1-immunoreactive (ir) microglia in brain regions involved in sleep/wake and cognitive functions, including the frontal cortex. Here, we examined possible mechanisms underlying the CSR-induced increase in microglia and whether this increase is accompanied by changes in inflammatory cytokine expression. First, we found no effect of 4 days of CSR on the number of Iba1-ir microglia co-labelled with bromodeoxyuridine, a cell division marker, suggesting the absence of microglia proliferation. Second, we found no extravasation of the fluorescent tracer Evans blue into brain tissue after 4 days of CSR, suggesting the absence of peripheral macrophage recruitment through the blood-brain barrier. Third, using qRT-PCR, we found that anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 expression increased in the frontal cortex after 1 but not 4 days of CSR, while pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1b expression remained unchanged. These results suggest that the observed increase in Iba1-ir microglia in response to CSR is likely due to increased Iba1 expression in resident microglia and that this accompanies alteration in inflammatory processes, suggesting a role of the central immune system in adaptive responses to CSR. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.252
symptoms severity (p = 0.003), overall symptoms severity (p = 0.004), general psychopathology (p = 0.001) and treatment response (p = 0.007). A combined inflammatory-metabolic factor proved to predict the clinical course of psychosis and offer an important target for early interventions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.249
Abstract # 3129 Stress management and immune-physiological changes in emergency teams during rescue operations S. Capellino a, M. Claus a, V. Hagemann b, M. Kühn c, M. Owczarek c, M. Pacharra d, C. Peifer c, H. Steffens e, C. Watzl a, E. Wascher d a IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dept. of Immunology, Ardeystr 67, Dortmund 44139, Germany b University of Bremen, Faculty of Business Studies and Economics, Germany c Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Psychology, Germany d IfADo-Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dept. of Ergonomics, Germany e Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund Dortmund, Germany
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d Graudate Institute of Cognitive and Neurosciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) supplementation (mainly eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA) on clinical symptoms in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). One hundred and five youth with a DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD were recruited from a medical centre. The youth were randomised into two groups, one group received n-3 PUFAs (1 g EPA) and the other group received placebo (1 g olive oil) for 12 weeks. The youth were assessed for their ADHD symptoms with SNAP-IV scales at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12; ninety-eight had completed the study. Overall, there was no difference in symptom reduction between n-3 PUFAs and placebo groups. However, when we analysed the data of 29 youth with ADHD, predominantly inattentive and combined subtypes, without comorbidity such as oppositional defiant disorder, the omega-3 group (n = 17, age 9.7 + 4.2 years) had a greater reduction in inattention subscale scores and total ADHD scores at week 8 (p = .003, p = .006) and week 12 (p = .029, p = .040) than placebo group (n = 12, age 8.8 + 3.1). In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs supplementation such as EPA, improve attention in a subpopulation of youth with ADHD. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.251
Background: Emergency medical teams experience stress not only from traumatic events, but also from many small stressors during their everyday work. Despite the high stress level, paramedics seem to ignore or even negate the stress. As this can be detrimental and lead to stress-related diseases, the aim of this study is to empirically investigate the divergence between physiological and psychological stress responses of paramedics compared to healthy controls. Methods: Participants were 19 paramedics and 17 age- and sexmatched white-collar workers as controls. We assessed psychological stress parameters with self-report questionnaires. Cortisol levels were measured as cortisol awakening response (CAR) using saliva samples and the quantification of immune parameters was performed in blood. Results: Absolute leucocyte count did not differ significantly between paramedics and control. However, the CAR was higher in paramedics compared to controls. Despite the higher CAR, the answers in the questionnaires regarding chronic stress, burnout, satisfaction about life and health did not differ between paramedics and controls. Conclusions: Paramedics have higher cortisol values compared to controls, thus suggesting higher stress. As expected, we did not find a difference between paramedics and controls in the subjective reports, supporting the assumption that paramedics negate their daily stress, probably due to high identification with their job. Our findings underline the importance to develop stress-management interventions for paramedics including a sensitization of paramedics for their stress reactions. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.250
Abstract # 3130 Omega-3 fatty acids improve attention in youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder J. Chang a,b,c,d, K. Su a,b,c,d, V. Mondelli a, C.M. Pariante a a
Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 9RT, United States b Department of Psychiatry, and Mind-Body Interface Lab (MBI Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan c College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Abstract # 3131 Increased Iba1-immunoreactive microglia and elevated antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 expression in the rat frontal cortex in response to chronic sleep restriction S.E. Hall a, S. Deurveilher a, K. Semba a,b,c a
Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, United States b Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, United States c Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada We recently found evidence for microglia activation in the rat brain using a model of chronic sleep restriction (CSR) that elicits adaptive responses in sleep and attention. Specifically, we found that 1 and 4 days of CSR increased the number of Iba1-immunoreactive (ir) microglia in brain regions involved in sleep/wake and cognitive functions, including the frontal cortex. Here, we examined possible mechanisms underlying the CSR-induced increase in microglia and whether this increase is accompanied by changes in inflammatory cytokine expression. First, we found no effect of 4 days of CSR on the number of Iba1-ir microglia co-labelled with bromodeoxyuridine, a cell division marker, suggesting the absence of microglia proliferation. Second, we found no extravasation of the fluorescent tracer Evans blue into brain tissue after 4 days of CSR, suggesting the absence of peripheral macrophage recruitment through the blood-brain barrier. Third, using qRT-PCR, we found that anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 expression increased in the frontal cortex after 1 but not 4 days of CSR, while pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1b expression remained unchanged. These results suggest that the observed increase in Iba1-ir microglia in response to CSR is likely due to increased Iba1 expression in resident microglia and that this accompanies alteration in inflammatory processes, suggesting a role of the central immune system in adaptive responses to CSR. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.252