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Activity in posterior parietal cortex mediates the visual dominance over kinesthesia
Abstracts / Neuroscience Research 58S (2007) S1–S244
S33
O1P-BØ2 Cell cycle in proliferating embryonic stem cell in rela-
O1P-BØ5 Modulation of spinal unit responses evoked from
tion to circadian rhythm
muscle afferents in a monkey performing an instructed delay task
Yoshiaki Isobe 1 , Hiroyuki Tsuda 2 1 Department of Neuro-physiology and Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; 2 Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School, Nagoya, Japan Self-oscillating systems are running in vertebrate organ that are circadian rhythm and cell cycle. Circadian rhythms are established by transcriptional feedback loops. The cell cycle machinery is integrated by external signals with basic oscillator. How the circadian rhythm signal transmitted to each stage of cell cycle is interesting to investigate. We obtained proliferating neurosphere from the dispersed cell culture of preoptic neuroepitherium in E14 rat fetus brain. After the second passage, cells were divided to four wells. The cells were collected 6 hr intervals at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00 and 03:00. Each sample was analyzed by FACS and measured clock related gene products mRNAs. Proportion of G1 cells at 9:00 was smaller than that at 21:00. Per2 and p27 mRNAs showed similar circadian rhythms, which peaked at 21:00. Rev-erb␣ mRNA rhythm peaked at 3:00. These results were compared with the data obtained from the cells derived in pallietal neuroepitherium of fetus brain.
Kazuhiko Seki 1,2 , Tomohiko Takei 1,3 Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute of Physiology Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; 2 School of Life Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan; 3 Graduate School of Human & Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
1
To elucidate the function of muscle afferent input for generating voluntary movements, we trained a monkey to perform wrist flexion–extension movement in an instructed delay task. Mild Electric stimuli were applied repetitively (2 Hz) to the muscle nerve innervating wrist extensors (deep radial nerve; DR) through a nerve cuff electrode, and activity of neurons showing monosynaptic response (latency <1 ms; n = 13) was recorded from cervical spinal cord through an implanted chamber. Firing rate was increased during both flexion and extension movement but their responsiveness to DR stimuli was suppressed only during flexion movement. Spike- and stimulus triggered averaging revealed that 84% (11/13) of recording site produced an output effect to at least one wrist muscle. Results suggested that presynaptic inhibition on Group I muscle afferents suppresses the reflex action which is antagonistic to an ongoing movement. Research funds: Kakenhi 18500315, 18047027, 18020030
O1P-BØ3 Synchronization of theta activity in hippocampus and amygdala during REM sleep Akihiro Karashima, Mio Hayashi, Motohiko Shimazaki, Norihiro Katayama, Mitsuyuki Nakao Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
O1P-BØ6 Spatial distribution of cortico-muscular coupling during precision grip in monkeys Tadashi Isa 1,2,3 , Yukio Nishimura 1,2 National Institute of Physiology and Science, Okazaki, Japan; 2 CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan; 3 Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
1
Theta wave in the hippocampus and amygdala and pontine phasic potential (P wave) which is known to reflect the activity of cholinergic neurons in the pons was recorded during REM sleep. Three-way correlations between hippocampal and amygdaloid theta wave dynamics and the densities of P wave were analyzed. The analyses showed that (i) the hippocampal theta wave was recorded throughout REM sleep, but amygdaloid theta wave appeared intermittently, (ii) the frequency of theta wave in the two regions increased associated with increase in the P wave density, (iii) theta synchronization between the two areas increased with the P wave density. Because cholinergic neurons in the pons send projections to the amygdala and hippocampus, the results suggest that the cholinergic neurons accelerate theta activity and increase the theta synchronization. Theta synchronization during waking was considered to be functionally related to the memory retrieval. Therefore, the synchronization during REM sleep may be related to memory function.
Distribution of cortico-muscular coherence was investigated between local field potential of cortex with and EMG of various forearm muscles in a macaque monkey during performance of the precision grip task. We have found that Beta band coherent activity with intrinsic hand muscles found in primary motor cortex (M1), sensory cortex (S1) and ventral premotor cortex. High coherency ware observed not only on digit and wrist area but also arm area of M1. In the case of S1, the coherency ware observed only on digit and wrist area. Interestingly, arm area of M1 showed no coherence with arm muscles even task related EMG exist in arm muscles, but showed clear coherence with intrinsic hand muscles. The post-stimulus effect could be observed in intrinsic hand muscles from these sites when we increased the stimulus intensity up to 40 A and applied repetitive stimulus (20 pulses at 333 Hz). We conclude that coherent activity in M1 areas of both hand and arm area may engage networks of neurons controlling the intrinsic hand muscles.
Research fund: KAKENHI 17605001
Research funds: CREST, JST and KAKENHI (17021041)
O1P-BØ4 A temporal sequence of changes in firing among the
O1P-BØ7 Activity in posterior parietal cortex mediates the visual dominance over kinesthesia
wake- and sleep-promoting neurons at the transition between sleep and wakefulness in mice Kazumi Takahashi 1 , Yoshimasa Koyama 2 , Yukihiko Kayama 1 , Jian-Sheng Lin 3 , Kazuya Sakai 3 1 Department of Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medicine University, Fukushima, Japan; 2 Department of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan; 3 INSERM U628, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France Cholinergic (ACh), noradrenargic (NA) and histaminergic (HA) neurons in the brain play important roles in generation of wakefulness (W). The preoptic neuron that shows a higher discharge rate during sleep (Sneuron) is considered to be GABArgic and sleep-promoting one. We recorded single unit activity from these neuronal groups, and compared the time of the onset and termination of firing at the transitions across sleep–wake cycles. At the transition from slow-wave sleep (SWS) to W, S-neuron stopped firing and ACh and NA activity elevated before EEG desynchronization, while HA neuron started to discharge after the EEG change. At the transition from W to SWS, cessation of HA neuron and discharge of S-neuron were observed before EEG synchronization, while ACh and NA activity reduced after the EEG change. These results suggest that ACh and NA activity may underlie HA activity during W. Research fund: KAKENHI (18603006)
Nobuhiro Hagura 1,2 , Tomohiko Takei 1 , Satoshi Hirose 1,3 , Yu Aramaki 3,4,5 , Michikazu Matumura 1 , Norihiro Sadato 4 , Eiichi Naito 1,3,5 1 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 2 JSPS, Japan; 3 ATR, Japan; 4 NIPS, Japan; 5 NICT, Japan
We investigated how visual and kinesthetic information of hand is processed when humans perceive the spatial location of a hand. We used tendon vibration to induce an illusory movement of an immobile hand, while the participants viewed a live image of either the vibrated or nonvibrated static hand through an on-line video camera. The intensity of illusory movement was significantly attenuated only when the participants viewed the static image of the vibrated hand. The fMRI study showed that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is specifically involved in the attenuation of illusory movement, and that the activity of the PPC reflected the degree of attenuation. These indicate that PPC is involved in the multisensory processing where vision overrules simultaneously available kinesthesia in order to estimate the spatial location of a limb (visual dominance over kinesthesia). Research fund: JSPS, the 21st Century COE Program
S33
O1P-BØ2 Cell cycle in proliferating embryonic stem cell in rela-
O1P-BØ5 Modulation of spinal unit responses evoked from
tion to circadian rhythm
muscle afferents in a monkey performing an instructed delay task
Yoshiaki Isobe 1 , Hiroyuki Tsuda 2 1 Department of Neuro-physiology and Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan; 2 Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nagoya City University Graduate School, Nagoya, Japan Self-oscillating systems are running in vertebrate organ that are circadian rhythm and cell cycle. Circadian rhythms are established by transcriptional feedback loops. The cell cycle machinery is integrated by external signals with basic oscillator. How the circadian rhythm signal transmitted to each stage of cell cycle is interesting to investigate. We obtained proliferating neurosphere from the dispersed cell culture of preoptic neuroepitherium in E14 rat fetus brain. After the second passage, cells were divided to four wells. The cells were collected 6 hr intervals at 9:00, 15:00, 21:00 and 03:00. Each sample was analyzed by FACS and measured clock related gene products mRNAs. Proportion of G1 cells at 9:00 was smaller than that at 21:00. Per2 and p27 mRNAs showed similar circadian rhythms, which peaked at 21:00. Rev-erb␣ mRNA rhythm peaked at 3:00. These results were compared with the data obtained from the cells derived in pallietal neuroepitherium of fetus brain.
Kazuhiko Seki 1,2 , Tomohiko Takei 1,3 Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute of Physiology Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; 2 School of Life Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Japan; 3 Graduate School of Human & Environment Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
1
To elucidate the function of muscle afferent input for generating voluntary movements, we trained a monkey to perform wrist flexion–extension movement in an instructed delay task. Mild Electric stimuli were applied repetitively (2 Hz) to the muscle nerve innervating wrist extensors (deep radial nerve; DR) through a nerve cuff electrode, and activity of neurons showing monosynaptic response (latency <1 ms; n = 13) was recorded from cervical spinal cord through an implanted chamber. Firing rate was increased during both flexion and extension movement but their responsiveness to DR stimuli was suppressed only during flexion movement. Spike- and stimulus triggered averaging revealed that 84% (11/13) of recording site produced an output effect to at least one wrist muscle. Results suggested that presynaptic inhibition on Group I muscle afferents suppresses the reflex action which is antagonistic to an ongoing movement. Research funds: Kakenhi 18500315, 18047027, 18020030
O1P-BØ3 Synchronization of theta activity in hippocampus and amygdala during REM sleep Akihiro Karashima, Mio Hayashi, Motohiko Shimazaki, Norihiro Katayama, Mitsuyuki Nakao Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
O1P-BØ6 Spatial distribution of cortico-muscular coupling during precision grip in monkeys Tadashi Isa 1,2,3 , Yukio Nishimura 1,2 National Institute of Physiology and Science, Okazaki, Japan; 2 CREST, JST, Kawaguchi, Japan; 3 Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies
1
Theta wave in the hippocampus and amygdala and pontine phasic potential (P wave) which is known to reflect the activity of cholinergic neurons in the pons was recorded during REM sleep. Three-way correlations between hippocampal and amygdaloid theta wave dynamics and the densities of P wave were analyzed. The analyses showed that (i) the hippocampal theta wave was recorded throughout REM sleep, but amygdaloid theta wave appeared intermittently, (ii) the frequency of theta wave in the two regions increased associated with increase in the P wave density, (iii) theta synchronization between the two areas increased with the P wave density. Because cholinergic neurons in the pons send projections to the amygdala and hippocampus, the results suggest that the cholinergic neurons accelerate theta activity and increase the theta synchronization. Theta synchronization during waking was considered to be functionally related to the memory retrieval. Therefore, the synchronization during REM sleep may be related to memory function.
Distribution of cortico-muscular coherence was investigated between local field potential of cortex with and EMG of various forearm muscles in a macaque monkey during performance of the precision grip task. We have found that Beta band coherent activity with intrinsic hand muscles found in primary motor cortex (M1), sensory cortex (S1) and ventral premotor cortex. High coherency ware observed not only on digit and wrist area but also arm area of M1. In the case of S1, the coherency ware observed only on digit and wrist area. Interestingly, arm area of M1 showed no coherence with arm muscles even task related EMG exist in arm muscles, but showed clear coherence with intrinsic hand muscles. The post-stimulus effect could be observed in intrinsic hand muscles from these sites when we increased the stimulus intensity up to 40 A and applied repetitive stimulus (20 pulses at 333 Hz). We conclude that coherent activity in M1 areas of both hand and arm area may engage networks of neurons controlling the intrinsic hand muscles.
Research fund: KAKENHI 17605001
Research funds: CREST, JST and KAKENHI (17021041)
O1P-BØ4 A temporal sequence of changes in firing among the
O1P-BØ7 Activity in posterior parietal cortex mediates the visual dominance over kinesthesia
wake- and sleep-promoting neurons at the transition between sleep and wakefulness in mice Kazumi Takahashi 1 , Yoshimasa Koyama 2 , Yukihiko Kayama 1 , Jian-Sheng Lin 3 , Kazuya Sakai 3 1 Department of Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medicine University, Fukushima, Japan; 2 Department of Science and Technology, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan; 3 INSERM U628, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France Cholinergic (ACh), noradrenargic (NA) and histaminergic (HA) neurons in the brain play important roles in generation of wakefulness (W). The preoptic neuron that shows a higher discharge rate during sleep (Sneuron) is considered to be GABArgic and sleep-promoting one. We recorded single unit activity from these neuronal groups, and compared the time of the onset and termination of firing at the transitions across sleep–wake cycles. At the transition from slow-wave sleep (SWS) to W, S-neuron stopped firing and ACh and NA activity elevated before EEG desynchronization, while HA neuron started to discharge after the EEG change. At the transition from W to SWS, cessation of HA neuron and discharge of S-neuron were observed before EEG synchronization, while ACh and NA activity reduced after the EEG change. These results suggest that ACh and NA activity may underlie HA activity during W. Research fund: KAKENHI (18603006)
Nobuhiro Hagura 1,2 , Tomohiko Takei 1 , Satoshi Hirose 1,3 , Yu Aramaki 3,4,5 , Michikazu Matumura 1 , Norihiro Sadato 4 , Eiichi Naito 1,3,5 1 Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; 2 JSPS, Japan; 3 ATR, Japan; 4 NIPS, Japan; 5 NICT, Japan
We investigated how visual and kinesthetic information of hand is processed when humans perceive the spatial location of a hand. We used tendon vibration to induce an illusory movement of an immobile hand, while the participants viewed a live image of either the vibrated or nonvibrated static hand through an on-line video camera. The intensity of illusory movement was significantly attenuated only when the participants viewed the static image of the vibrated hand. The fMRI study showed that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is specifically involved in the attenuation of illusory movement, and that the activity of the PPC reflected the degree of attenuation. These indicate that PPC is involved in the multisensory processing where vision overrules simultaneously available kinesthesia in order to estimate the spatial location of a limb (visual dominance over kinesthesia). Research fund: JSPS, the 21st Century COE Program