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Adult siblings: Self-rating and perception of parental rating
Abstracts / Personality and Individual Differences 60 (2014) S24–S47
Addiction Prone Personality characteristics and alcohol and marijuana dependence G.E. Barnes, M. Jansson, T. Stockwell, B. Leadbeater University of Victoria, Canada The Addiction Prone Personality (APP) test was originally designed to identity prealcoholic personality characteristics, and was called the PREALC test. The name of this test was changed to the APP test when research showed that clinical samples that were addicted to drugs other than alcohol also had high scores. This investigation examines the ability of the APP test to discriminate between four groups: alcohol dependent, marijuana dependent, alcohol and marijuana dependent and neither alcohol nor marijuana dependent respondents in a young Canadian community sample (n = 461). Results showed that the all three alcohol & drug dependent groups scored higher on the APP than non-dependent participants, but that they did not differ from each other. Further analyses using the facets of the APP showed that marijuana dependence was not associated with sensation seeking and negative view of self, but was significantly associated with facets measuring impulsivity and lower self regulation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.025
Addiction Prone Personality tests and the prediction of substance use patterns in Canadian undergraduate students G.E. Barnes, N. Franco Cea, T. Baker, C. Holroyd, T. Stockwell University of Victoria, Canada In this investigation the relationship between two measures of vulnerability to substance use (the SURPS and the APP) and substance use patterns in a large Canadian undergraduate student sample (n = 867) was examined. Structural equation models conducted using the M plus program provided good support for the importance of the positive reinforcement vs. negative reinforcement model in predicting different types of substance use in both the individual personality test models and especially in the combined model. The models also showed how a family loading for substance use affects substance use patterns directly and indirectly through personality traits that are theoretically linked to an orientation toward either positive or negative reinforcement. Results also showed that combining the APP and the SURPS tests in an aggregate model enhanced the ability to predict substance use. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.026
Addictive behaviours and Addiction-Prone Personality traits: Associations with a dopamine multilocus genetic profile C. Davis, N. Loxton York University, Toronto, Canada The purpose of this study was to examine reward-related genetic risk for addictive behaviours in a healthy community sample (n = 217) of men and women. We tested a mediation model predicting that a quantitative multilocus genetic profile score – reflecting the additive effects of alleles known to confer relatively increased dopamine signaling in the ventral striatum – would relate positively to a composite measure of addictive behaviours, and that this association would be mediated by personality traits consistently associated with addiction disorders. Our model was strongly supported by the data, and accounted for 24% of the variance in addictive behaviours. These data suggest that brain reward processes tend to exert their influence on addiction risk by their role in the development
S25
of relatively stable personality traits associated with addictive behaviours. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.027
Adult siblings: Self-rating and perception of parental rating O. Baskaeva Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, Russia In the study we compare self-estimation and perceived parental evaluation in childhood and at present by adults who have siblings. Subjects: adults (N = 95, mean age – 22.7 years), who grew up in a two-child family. Method: specially designed questionnaire including 46 items – personality traits and cognitive abilities. For each characteristic subject describe (1) whom parents considered higher in childhood: he/her or a sibling; (2) the degree of his agreement with this parental evaluation. Finally, respondent assessed himself in comparison with sibling now. Main results: (1) Comparative self-rating in adulthood is positively related to perceived parental evaluation in childhood. (2) The structure of comparative self-rating in adulthood is less differentiated than the structure of perceived comparative parental evaluation. (3) Respondents rate themselves critically and do not agree with their parents when those, in their opinion, underestimate sibling. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.028
Affectivity, alexithymia and psychopathology in a psychotic sample M. Rus-Calafell, J. Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. Ribas-Sabaté University of Barcelona, Spain Alexithymia is common in patients suffering from a variety of disorders, such as schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Affectivity has been considered as an individual’s characteristic that seems to modulate the relationship between personality traits and some psychological/medical symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between negative and positive affect, alexithymic characteristics and psychopathology in a sample of psychotic patients. Thirty consecutive outpatients were assessed using the PANSS, the TAS-20, and the PANAS. Pearson correlations were applied to investigate the relationship between the study variables; the amount of variance in psychopathology predicted by alexithymia and affectivity was calculated by using the linear regression model. Significant relationships between psychopathology and positive and negative affect were found; negative symptoms were strongly associated with the individual’s difficulty on describing feelings and negative affect. Results provided a new approach to interpret affectivity and individual’s alexithymic traits as determinants of psychotic symptomatology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.029
Alexithymia, body vigilance and ruminative thinking: What’s going on with externally oriented thinking? C. Fantini-Hauwel Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Alexithymic people are described as bodily focused, lacking of interoceptive sensibility and experiencing difficulties identifying their sensations. This should lead to focused on bodily sensations to regulate unrecognizable emotions leading on
Addiction Prone Personality characteristics and alcohol and marijuana dependence G.E. Barnes, M. Jansson, T. Stockwell, B. Leadbeater University of Victoria, Canada The Addiction Prone Personality (APP) test was originally designed to identity prealcoholic personality characteristics, and was called the PREALC test. The name of this test was changed to the APP test when research showed that clinical samples that were addicted to drugs other than alcohol also had high scores. This investigation examines the ability of the APP test to discriminate between four groups: alcohol dependent, marijuana dependent, alcohol and marijuana dependent and neither alcohol nor marijuana dependent respondents in a young Canadian community sample (n = 461). Results showed that the all three alcohol & drug dependent groups scored higher on the APP than non-dependent participants, but that they did not differ from each other. Further analyses using the facets of the APP showed that marijuana dependence was not associated with sensation seeking and negative view of self, but was significantly associated with facets measuring impulsivity and lower self regulation. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.025
Addiction Prone Personality tests and the prediction of substance use patterns in Canadian undergraduate students G.E. Barnes, N. Franco Cea, T. Baker, C. Holroyd, T. Stockwell University of Victoria, Canada In this investigation the relationship between two measures of vulnerability to substance use (the SURPS and the APP) and substance use patterns in a large Canadian undergraduate student sample (n = 867) was examined. Structural equation models conducted using the M plus program provided good support for the importance of the positive reinforcement vs. negative reinforcement model in predicting different types of substance use in both the individual personality test models and especially in the combined model. The models also showed how a family loading for substance use affects substance use patterns directly and indirectly through personality traits that are theoretically linked to an orientation toward either positive or negative reinforcement. Results also showed that combining the APP and the SURPS tests in an aggregate model enhanced the ability to predict substance use. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.026
Addictive behaviours and Addiction-Prone Personality traits: Associations with a dopamine multilocus genetic profile C. Davis, N. Loxton York University, Toronto, Canada The purpose of this study was to examine reward-related genetic risk for addictive behaviours in a healthy community sample (n = 217) of men and women. We tested a mediation model predicting that a quantitative multilocus genetic profile score – reflecting the additive effects of alleles known to confer relatively increased dopamine signaling in the ventral striatum – would relate positively to a composite measure of addictive behaviours, and that this association would be mediated by personality traits consistently associated with addiction disorders. Our model was strongly supported by the data, and accounted for 24% of the variance in addictive behaviours. These data suggest that brain reward processes tend to exert their influence on addiction risk by their role in the development
S25
of relatively stable personality traits associated with addictive behaviours. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.027
Adult siblings: Self-rating and perception of parental rating O. Baskaeva Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education, Russia In the study we compare self-estimation and perceived parental evaluation in childhood and at present by adults who have siblings. Subjects: adults (N = 95, mean age – 22.7 years), who grew up in a two-child family. Method: specially designed questionnaire including 46 items – personality traits and cognitive abilities. For each characteristic subject describe (1) whom parents considered higher in childhood: he/her or a sibling; (2) the degree of his agreement with this parental evaluation. Finally, respondent assessed himself in comparison with sibling now. Main results: (1) Comparative self-rating in adulthood is positively related to perceived parental evaluation in childhood. (2) The structure of comparative self-rating in adulthood is less differentiated than the structure of perceived comparative parental evaluation. (3) Respondents rate themselves critically and do not agree with their parents when those, in their opinion, underestimate sibling. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.028
Affectivity, alexithymia and psychopathology in a psychotic sample M. Rus-Calafell, J. Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. Ribas-Sabaté University of Barcelona, Spain Alexithymia is common in patients suffering from a variety of disorders, such as schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Affectivity has been considered as an individual’s characteristic that seems to modulate the relationship between personality traits and some psychological/medical symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between negative and positive affect, alexithymic characteristics and psychopathology in a sample of psychotic patients. Thirty consecutive outpatients were assessed using the PANSS, the TAS-20, and the PANAS. Pearson correlations were applied to investigate the relationship between the study variables; the amount of variance in psychopathology predicted by alexithymia and affectivity was calculated by using the linear regression model. Significant relationships between psychopathology and positive and negative affect were found; negative symptoms were strongly associated with the individual’s difficulty on describing feelings and negative affect. Results provided a new approach to interpret affectivity and individual’s alexithymic traits as determinants of psychotic symptomatology. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.029
Alexithymia, body vigilance and ruminative thinking: What’s going on with externally oriented thinking? C. Fantini-Hauwel Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Alexithymic people are described as bodily focused, lacking of interoceptive sensibility and experiencing difficulties identifying their sensations. This should lead to focused on bodily sensations to regulate unrecognizable emotions leading on