- Email: [email protected]
Air pollution control
Sutcliffe, G.R., and J.B. Conrod, U.S. Patent 5,358,602; assignors to Enthone-OMI Inc. Switzer, J.A., and K.G. Sheppard, Interface, 4(2):26; 1995 Tanaka, T., et al., U.S. Patent 5,364,523; assignors to Daido Metal Co. Ltd. Wasserman, A., AESF SURiFIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session J, p. 413 Weng, E., U.S. Patent 5,391,277 Wolski, A.M., et al., U.S. Patent 5,447,619; assignors to Circuit Foil USA Inc. Zecher, R.F., AESF SURFIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session W, p. 853 Zhou, C.D., and D.T. Chin, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 142(6): 1933; 1995
TESTING
AND CONTROL
Flott (I to IX) offered a series of articles on various aspects of quality control. The importance of planning in the operation of a finishing company was addressed by Stewart. Gookins presented a step-by-step approach to the application of IS0 9002 as a quality system model. Pitfalls and traps on the road to IS0 9002 registration were discussed by Strachan. Fecsik and Miller described process control systems in use at an aircraft company finishing department. The use of a spreadsheet-based computer program to calculate chemical additions and implement a feedback control sytem was reported by Eckstein and Bowers. Hurley and Boezi obtained a patent for a plating bath control system, which uses a predictive model to determine the amount and timing of replenisher additions based on current-time data. Automatic control systems for chromium and copper plating were described by Hepel et al. Gabe reviewed the application of rotating electrodes for use in electrodeposition process control. The application of the rotating cylinder Hull cell to measurement of throwing power in copper plating baths was reported by Madore et al. Abys and Kadija obtained a patent for a hydrodynamically modulated Hull cell. A tutorial on cyclic voltammetry at metal electrodes was provided by Smith et al. Renz et al. described an anodic stripping voltammetry method for metal analysis. A method for detection and measurement of heavy metals consisting of extracting with iodine/ iodide solution followed by voltammetric stripping won a patent for Gui and Foust. Leung et al. determined the concentration of stannous tin in alkaline tin baths by direct potentiometry.
A photometric method for determination of trivalent chromium in hexavalent chromium electrolytes was described by Nikolova et al. Roberge and Ash reviewed progress in the development of an anodic breakthrough method for evaluating the quality of anodized aluminum coatings. Carbon coulometry was suggested by Coduti et al. as a method for determining cleanliness when comparing alternative cleaning technologies. An electrochemical method for assessing the effectiveness of organic solderability preservatives was discussed by Bratin et al. Grady et al. patented a method for monitoring electroless plating baths. A method of monitoring acid concentration in plating baths won a patent for Ludwig. A laser micrometric method for determination of chromium plating thickness on superconductor wire was reported by Peger. Reilly (I and II) reviewed the basic principles of X-ray fluorescense for measurement of plating thickness and composition. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescense applications in the surface finishing industry were reviewed by Overman. Kervinen and Ellis received a patent for a system for determining the thickness of a metallic coating on the inner surface of metal tubes comprising a combination of ultrasonic and eddy current methods. A film thickness measurement system based on light scattering garnered a patent for Ledger. Meade offered guidelines for selecting appropriate accelerated corrosion test methods. A Raman spectroscopy study of the corrosion of zinc-coated steel in neutral chloride environments was reported by Bernard et al. (I and II).
References Abys, J.A., and I.V. Kadija, U.S. Patent 5,413,692 Bernard, M.L., et al. (I), Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 142(7):2162; 1995 Bernard, M.L., et al. (II), Journal ofthe Electrochemical Society, 142(7):2167; 1995 Bratin, I!, et al., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session N, p. 583 Coduti, P.L., et al., Precision Cleaning, 3(1):53, 1995 Eckstein, M.R., and C.P. Bowers, Plating and Surface Finishing, 82(5):132; 1995 Fe&, P.W., and B.-Miller, AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore. June 1995, Session I, p. 355 Flott, L.W. (I), Metal Finishing, 93(i):49; 1995 Flott, L.W. (II), Metal Finishing, 93(2):76; 1995 Flott, L.W. (III), Metal Finishing, 93(3):54; 1995
Flott, L.W. (IV), Metal Finishing, 93(4):64; 1995 Flott, L.W. (V), Metal Finishing, 93(5):52; 1995 Flott, L.W. (VI), Metal Finishing, 93(6):116; 1995 Flott, L.W. (VII), Metal Finishing, 93(9):72; 1995 Flott, L.W. (VIII), Metal Finishing, 93(11):77; 1995 Flott, L.W. (IX), Metal Finishing, 93(12):43; 1995 Gabe, D.R., Plating and Surface Finishing, 82(9):69; 1995 Gookins, B., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session T, p. 729 Grady, A.J., et al., U.S. Patent 5,384,153; assignors to AT&T Corp. Gui, J.Y., and D.F. Faust, U.S. Patent 5,391,270; assignors to General Electric Co. Hepel, T., et al., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session B, p. 39 Hurley, M.P., and S.J. Boezi, U.S. Patent 5,368,7 15; assignors to Enthone-OMI Inc. Kervinen, J.A., and K.D. Ellis, U.S. Patent 5,418,823; assignors to General Electric Co. Ledger, A.M., U.S. Patent 5,452,953; assignor to Hughes Aircraft Co. Leung, A., et al., P[afing and Surjbce Finishing, 82(6):88; 1995 Ludwig, EA., U.S. Patent 5,391,271; assignor to Hughes Aircraft Co. Madore, C., et al., Plating and Surface Finishing, 82(8):36; 1995 Meade, C.L., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session W, p. 861 Nikolova, S., et al., Metal Finishing, 93(5):12; 1995 Overman, A.R., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session B, p. 27 Peger, C.H., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session X, p. 881 Reilly, F. (I), Metal Finishing. 93(5):33; 1995 Reilly, F. (II), Products Finishing, 59(5):70; 1995 Rem, R.P., et al., 16th AESF/EPA Pollution Prevention and Control Conference, Kissimmee, Fla., Feb. 1995, p. 93 Roberge, P.R., and P.J. Ash, Metal Finishing, 93(7):22; 1995 Smith, J.R., et al., Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing, 73(2):72; 1995 Stewart, M., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session Y, p. 939 Strachan, R.W., AESF SUREIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session Y, p. 911
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
Berglund examined factors influencing capture efficiency for plating rim exhaust systems. Ozone depletion and its impact on the metal finishing industry were addressed by Richards and Andrews. Baylor discussed the manager’s role in preparing for compliance with new air quality regulations. An impact assessment on cleaning, stripping, and other operations in the aerospace industry was provided by Morris. The new OSHA regulations for METAL FINISHING
.
FEBRUARY
1996
Call Clinton Power... and Sr>eak to a Dekision Maker When you call Clinton Power, you’ll always be able to speak with a knowledgeable representative. Someone who can make decisions, and can help you find the products that will best meet your application. At Clinton Power we are committed to keeping the lines of communication open...before, during, and after the sale.
??
Clinton Power also offers custom products. We manufacture DC Rectifiers in many types of special enclosures at no extra cost. And, there are many other reasons to buy a Clinton Power product.
Assistance - Help with service or application information is only a phone call away.
. Quality Products - Long life and easy serviceability are design criteria at Clinton Power. ??
??
??
??
??
Relationships - At Clinton we strive for long-term relationships, not just sales. Consulting Service - We’ll provide an outside evaluation to assure that you get the best product for your needs. Educational Setvice - We can provide in-plant training to your personnel, optimj,zing the operation and maintenance of our power supplies. Field Proven - Clinton has over 30,000 units functioning in the field today. Customer Satisfaction - Clinton Power supplies rectifiers to some of the largest platers worldwide including: Boeing, NASA, McDonnell Douglas, UAL, IBM, Westinghouse and GE.
SEND FOR A
FREE
CATALOG
611 Landwehr Road, Northdrook, IL 60062 Phone:
847-498-4200 * Fax: 847-498-9944 Circle-4 013 nn naadar infnnnatinn t-3wi
hexavalent chromium were discussed by Freeman and Conduit. Banker and also Murphy provided updates on the new MACT regulations for emissions from chromium plating and chromic acid anodizing plants. A description of an alternative technology for hard chromium platers for complying with the MACT regulations was offered by Miles, and by Miles et al. References Banker, L., Products Finishing, 59(S); 88, 1995 Baylor, R.E., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session Y, p.917 Berglund, R., Metal Finishing, 93(6):78; 1995 Freeman, C., and K. Condit, 16th AESF/EPA Pollution Prevention and Control Conference, Kissimmee, Fla., Feb. 1995, p. 15 Miles, T.E., Metal Finishing, 93( 11):60; 1995 Miles, T.E., et al., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session 0, p. 627 Morris, V.L., Metal Finishing, 93(4): 10; 1995 Murphy, M., Metal Finishing, 93(8):34; 1995 Richards, B.P., and D.C. Andrews, Tramactions of the Institute ofMetal Finishing, 73(3):8; 1995
WASTE TREATMENT RECOVERY
AND
EPA’s new approach to environmental protection for the metal finishing industry, known as the “Common Sense Initiative,” was addressed in a number of papers by Benson, by Kanegsberg, by Spearot, and by Martin (I). Cleary provided an update on the status of the metal products and machinery effluent guideline. Intemational environmental standards were discussed by Bell et al. Apsan and also Lott and Roper discussed the development of IS0 14000 for establishing global environmental management standards. Pitfalls and issues conceming environmental auditing were considered by Samelli. Janusz and Cohen described an automated regulatory compliance system for handling electroplating chemicals. Product stewardship as a major force for future chemical program selection was the subject of a presentation by Lampert. Phillips (I to IX) provided a series of articles relating to legal issues concerning handling of hazardous materials. Insurance issues concerning environmental liabilities were addressed by Vishneski, and by Anderson (I and II). Barriers to implementation of pollution prevention in metal finishing were noted by Altmayer. Vail stressed the 44
importance of pollution prevention training. One-hundred-and-one ways to make pollution prevention work were offered by Dewitt (I and II). Melvin and Stem reported on a pollution prevention program for plating shops in southwestern Ohio. A case study on a pollution prevention program for a metal-working and finishing facility was provided by Schachamayer et al. An assessment of environmental technology needs at an aerospace manufacturer was provided by Welcher and Barlow. Lamancusa (I and II) compared on-site versus off-site recycling strategies for a facility for chromium plating of plastics. Technology for waste minimization and recovery in anodizing operations was discussed by Fumeaux et al. (I and II). Tragellis and Glassman reported on a program aimed at zero discharge for a printed circuit board shop. Emerging technologies for film fixer rejuvenation were considered by D’Angelo. Lott and Dietz addressed management of dry film resist process waste streams. Maintenance and recovery of stripping solutions were the subject of a paper presented by Reinhard. Smith investigated the removal of cadmium, lead, and zinc from wastewater using recycled shot-blast fines. The benefits of organometallic coagulants for waste treatment were noted by Painter. Precipitation agents were the subject of a number of patents, which were awarded to Straten (I and II), to Yun et al., and to Lee. Stevenson patented a method for metal removal incorporating an aeration step. Technologies for polishing the effluent from conventional hydroxide precipitation were reviewed by Karrs et al. Martin (II) addressed the subject of troubleshooting pH/ORP controllers. An on-line electrochemical monitoring system for wastewater streams was described by Bratin et al. Stott and Allen obtained a patent for a method of removing fluoride from dilute acid solutions. A method for removing soluble metals from a solution, consisting of contacting with the root biomass of a plant, won a patent for Raskin et al. A system for removal of cyanide by ferrate ion was discussed by Sharma and Smith. Castrantus et al. obtained a patent for a process for treatment of cyanides in effluents with Caro’s acid. A method for removal of hexavalent
chromium using mechanically agitated iron particles was patented by Thomton (I). Thornton (II) also received a patent for a method of removing hexavalent chromium comprising reduction with ferrous sulfate followed by precipitation with barium nitrate to remove the sulfate. Suzuki et al. used a segmented, porous, vitreous carbon electrode flow reactor for electrochemical treatment of commingled plating wastes. The electrochemical oxidation of spent noncyanide strippers using a brine cell was reported by Wikoff et al. Kolesnikov and Kudryavtsev described an electroflotation process for plating waste treatment. A process for fixation and stabilization of chromium in contaminated materials was patented by Pal and Yost. DeHaan et al. received a patent for a plate shifter for a filter press. Metallurgical process operations for recovery of metals from plating wastes and sludges were the subject of papers presented by Cohen, by Philipp, and by Unger et al. Martenson received a patent for a precious metal extraction process. Huang and Luo described a computer-aided tool for source reduction in plating plants. Polymer filtration for selective metal recovery was discussed by Smith et al. Muthukumaran et al. studied the removal and recovery of chromium using chemically activated carbon made from coconut shell. The recovery of metals from spent electroless plating baths by oxalate precipitation was reported by Gyliene and Salkauskas. Uchiyama et al. obtained a patent for a method of capturing metal ions in an organic solvent. The reduction of rinse water through use of a toroidal conductivity sensor was reported by Roof. Mazzochi patented a process for recovery of chromium plating rinsewater utilizing spray rinsing and a heated rinse tank. The use of activated carbon for recovery and recycling of chlorinated solvents was addressed by Kenson. Pajunen provided a description of a shortbed, reciprocating flow ion exchange system for purification and recovery of chromic acid based electrolytes. Continuous electrolytic metal recovery with a packed-bed cathode was reported by Zhou et al. (I and II). Bishara et al. patented an electrolytic method for metal recovery. Devices for METAL FINISHING
??
FEBRUARY
1996
TESTING
AND CONTROL
Flott (I to IX) offered a series of articles on various aspects of quality control. The importance of planning in the operation of a finishing company was addressed by Stewart. Gookins presented a step-by-step approach to the application of IS0 9002 as a quality system model. Pitfalls and traps on the road to IS0 9002 registration were discussed by Strachan. Fecsik and Miller described process control systems in use at an aircraft company finishing department. The use of a spreadsheet-based computer program to calculate chemical additions and implement a feedback control sytem was reported by Eckstein and Bowers. Hurley and Boezi obtained a patent for a plating bath control system, which uses a predictive model to determine the amount and timing of replenisher additions based on current-time data. Automatic control systems for chromium and copper plating were described by Hepel et al. Gabe reviewed the application of rotating electrodes for use in electrodeposition process control. The application of the rotating cylinder Hull cell to measurement of throwing power in copper plating baths was reported by Madore et al. Abys and Kadija obtained a patent for a hydrodynamically modulated Hull cell. A tutorial on cyclic voltammetry at metal electrodes was provided by Smith et al. Renz et al. described an anodic stripping voltammetry method for metal analysis. A method for detection and measurement of heavy metals consisting of extracting with iodine/ iodide solution followed by voltammetric stripping won a patent for Gui and Foust. Leung et al. determined the concentration of stannous tin in alkaline tin baths by direct potentiometry.
A photometric method for determination of trivalent chromium in hexavalent chromium electrolytes was described by Nikolova et al. Roberge and Ash reviewed progress in the development of an anodic breakthrough method for evaluating the quality of anodized aluminum coatings. Carbon coulometry was suggested by Coduti et al. as a method for determining cleanliness when comparing alternative cleaning technologies. An electrochemical method for assessing the effectiveness of organic solderability preservatives was discussed by Bratin et al. Grady et al. patented a method for monitoring electroless plating baths. A method of monitoring acid concentration in plating baths won a patent for Ludwig. A laser micrometric method for determination of chromium plating thickness on superconductor wire was reported by Peger. Reilly (I and II) reviewed the basic principles of X-ray fluorescense for measurement of plating thickness and composition. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescense applications in the surface finishing industry were reviewed by Overman. Kervinen and Ellis received a patent for a system for determining the thickness of a metallic coating on the inner surface of metal tubes comprising a combination of ultrasonic and eddy current methods. A film thickness measurement system based on light scattering garnered a patent for Ledger. Meade offered guidelines for selecting appropriate accelerated corrosion test methods. A Raman spectroscopy study of the corrosion of zinc-coated steel in neutral chloride environments was reported by Bernard et al. (I and II).
References Abys, J.A., and I.V. Kadija, U.S. Patent 5,413,692 Bernard, M.L., et al. (I), Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 142(7):2162; 1995 Bernard, M.L., et al. (II), Journal ofthe Electrochemical Society, 142(7):2167; 1995 Bratin, I!, et al., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session N, p. 583 Coduti, P.L., et al., Precision Cleaning, 3(1):53, 1995 Eckstein, M.R., and C.P. Bowers, Plating and Surface Finishing, 82(5):132; 1995 Fe&, P.W., and B.-Miller, AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore. June 1995, Session I, p. 355 Flott, L.W. (I), Metal Finishing, 93(i):49; 1995 Flott, L.W. (II), Metal Finishing, 93(2):76; 1995 Flott, L.W. (III), Metal Finishing, 93(3):54; 1995
Flott, L.W. (IV), Metal Finishing, 93(4):64; 1995 Flott, L.W. (V), Metal Finishing, 93(5):52; 1995 Flott, L.W. (VI), Metal Finishing, 93(6):116; 1995 Flott, L.W. (VII), Metal Finishing, 93(9):72; 1995 Flott, L.W. (VIII), Metal Finishing, 93(11):77; 1995 Flott, L.W. (IX), Metal Finishing, 93(12):43; 1995 Gabe, D.R., Plating and Surface Finishing, 82(9):69; 1995 Gookins, B., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session T, p. 729 Grady, A.J., et al., U.S. Patent 5,384,153; assignors to AT&T Corp. Gui, J.Y., and D.F. Faust, U.S. Patent 5,391,270; assignors to General Electric Co. Hepel, T., et al., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session B, p. 39 Hurley, M.P., and S.J. Boezi, U.S. Patent 5,368,7 15; assignors to Enthone-OMI Inc. Kervinen, J.A., and K.D. Ellis, U.S. Patent 5,418,823; assignors to General Electric Co. Ledger, A.M., U.S. Patent 5,452,953; assignor to Hughes Aircraft Co. Leung, A., et al., P[afing and Surjbce Finishing, 82(6):88; 1995 Ludwig, EA., U.S. Patent 5,391,271; assignor to Hughes Aircraft Co. Madore, C., et al., Plating and Surface Finishing, 82(8):36; 1995 Meade, C.L., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session W, p. 861 Nikolova, S., et al., Metal Finishing, 93(5):12; 1995 Overman, A.R., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session B, p. 27 Peger, C.H., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session X, p. 881 Reilly, F. (I), Metal Finishing. 93(5):33; 1995 Reilly, F. (II), Products Finishing, 59(5):70; 1995 Rem, R.P., et al., 16th AESF/EPA Pollution Prevention and Control Conference, Kissimmee, Fla., Feb. 1995, p. 93 Roberge, P.R., and P.J. Ash, Metal Finishing, 93(7):22; 1995 Smith, J.R., et al., Transactions of the Institute of Metal Finishing, 73(2):72; 1995 Stewart, M., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session Y, p. 939 Strachan, R.W., AESF SUREIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session Y, p. 911
AIR POLLUTION
CONTROL
Berglund examined factors influencing capture efficiency for plating rim exhaust systems. Ozone depletion and its impact on the metal finishing industry were addressed by Richards and Andrews. Baylor discussed the manager’s role in preparing for compliance with new air quality regulations. An impact assessment on cleaning, stripping, and other operations in the aerospace industry was provided by Morris. The new OSHA regulations for METAL FINISHING
.
FEBRUARY
1996
Call Clinton Power... and Sr>eak to a Dekision Maker When you call Clinton Power, you’ll always be able to speak with a knowledgeable representative. Someone who can make decisions, and can help you find the products that will best meet your application. At Clinton Power we are committed to keeping the lines of communication open...before, during, and after the sale.
??
Clinton Power also offers custom products. We manufacture DC Rectifiers in many types of special enclosures at no extra cost. And, there are many other reasons to buy a Clinton Power product.
Assistance - Help with service or application information is only a phone call away.
. Quality Products - Long life and easy serviceability are design criteria at Clinton Power. ??
??
??
??
??
Relationships - At Clinton we strive for long-term relationships, not just sales. Consulting Service - We’ll provide an outside evaluation to assure that you get the best product for your needs. Educational Setvice - We can provide in-plant training to your personnel, optimj,zing the operation and maintenance of our power supplies. Field Proven - Clinton has over 30,000 units functioning in the field today. Customer Satisfaction - Clinton Power supplies rectifiers to some of the largest platers worldwide including: Boeing, NASA, McDonnell Douglas, UAL, IBM, Westinghouse and GE.
SEND FOR A
FREE
CATALOG
611 Landwehr Road, Northdrook, IL 60062 Phone:
847-498-4200 * Fax: 847-498-9944 Circle-4 013 nn naadar infnnnatinn t-3wi
hexavalent chromium were discussed by Freeman and Conduit. Banker and also Murphy provided updates on the new MACT regulations for emissions from chromium plating and chromic acid anodizing plants. A description of an alternative technology for hard chromium platers for complying with the MACT regulations was offered by Miles, and by Miles et al. References Banker, L., Products Finishing, 59(S); 88, 1995 Baylor, R.E., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session Y, p.917 Berglund, R., Metal Finishing, 93(6):78; 1995 Freeman, C., and K. Condit, 16th AESF/EPA Pollution Prevention and Control Conference, Kissimmee, Fla., Feb. 1995, p. 15 Miles, T.E., Metal Finishing, 93( 11):60; 1995 Miles, T.E., et al., AESF SUR/FIN ‘95, Baltimore, June 1995, Session 0, p. 627 Morris, V.L., Metal Finishing, 93(4): 10; 1995 Murphy, M., Metal Finishing, 93(8):34; 1995 Richards, B.P., and D.C. Andrews, Tramactions of the Institute ofMetal Finishing, 73(3):8; 1995
WASTE TREATMENT RECOVERY
AND
EPA’s new approach to environmental protection for the metal finishing industry, known as the “Common Sense Initiative,” was addressed in a number of papers by Benson, by Kanegsberg, by Spearot, and by Martin (I). Cleary provided an update on the status of the metal products and machinery effluent guideline. Intemational environmental standards were discussed by Bell et al. Apsan and also Lott and Roper discussed the development of IS0 14000 for establishing global environmental management standards. Pitfalls and issues conceming environmental auditing were considered by Samelli. Janusz and Cohen described an automated regulatory compliance system for handling electroplating chemicals. Product stewardship as a major force for future chemical program selection was the subject of a presentation by Lampert. Phillips (I to IX) provided a series of articles relating to legal issues concerning handling of hazardous materials. Insurance issues concerning environmental liabilities were addressed by Vishneski, and by Anderson (I and II). Barriers to implementation of pollution prevention in metal finishing were noted by Altmayer. Vail stressed the 44
importance of pollution prevention training. One-hundred-and-one ways to make pollution prevention work were offered by Dewitt (I and II). Melvin and Stem reported on a pollution prevention program for plating shops in southwestern Ohio. A case study on a pollution prevention program for a metal-working and finishing facility was provided by Schachamayer et al. An assessment of environmental technology needs at an aerospace manufacturer was provided by Welcher and Barlow. Lamancusa (I and II) compared on-site versus off-site recycling strategies for a facility for chromium plating of plastics. Technology for waste minimization and recovery in anodizing operations was discussed by Fumeaux et al. (I and II). Tragellis and Glassman reported on a program aimed at zero discharge for a printed circuit board shop. Emerging technologies for film fixer rejuvenation were considered by D’Angelo. Lott and Dietz addressed management of dry film resist process waste streams. Maintenance and recovery of stripping solutions were the subject of a paper presented by Reinhard. Smith investigated the removal of cadmium, lead, and zinc from wastewater using recycled shot-blast fines. The benefits of organometallic coagulants for waste treatment were noted by Painter. Precipitation agents were the subject of a number of patents, which were awarded to Straten (I and II), to Yun et al., and to Lee. Stevenson patented a method for metal removal incorporating an aeration step. Technologies for polishing the effluent from conventional hydroxide precipitation were reviewed by Karrs et al. Martin (II) addressed the subject of troubleshooting pH/ORP controllers. An on-line electrochemical monitoring system for wastewater streams was described by Bratin et al. Stott and Allen obtained a patent for a method of removing fluoride from dilute acid solutions. A method for removing soluble metals from a solution, consisting of contacting with the root biomass of a plant, won a patent for Raskin et al. A system for removal of cyanide by ferrate ion was discussed by Sharma and Smith. Castrantus et al. obtained a patent for a process for treatment of cyanides in effluents with Caro’s acid. A method for removal of hexavalent
chromium using mechanically agitated iron particles was patented by Thomton (I). Thornton (II) also received a patent for a method of removing hexavalent chromium comprising reduction with ferrous sulfate followed by precipitation with barium nitrate to remove the sulfate. Suzuki et al. used a segmented, porous, vitreous carbon electrode flow reactor for electrochemical treatment of commingled plating wastes. The electrochemical oxidation of spent noncyanide strippers using a brine cell was reported by Wikoff et al. Kolesnikov and Kudryavtsev described an electroflotation process for plating waste treatment. A process for fixation and stabilization of chromium in contaminated materials was patented by Pal and Yost. DeHaan et al. received a patent for a plate shifter for a filter press. Metallurgical process operations for recovery of metals from plating wastes and sludges were the subject of papers presented by Cohen, by Philipp, and by Unger et al. Martenson received a patent for a precious metal extraction process. Huang and Luo described a computer-aided tool for source reduction in plating plants. Polymer filtration for selective metal recovery was discussed by Smith et al. Muthukumaran et al. studied the removal and recovery of chromium using chemically activated carbon made from coconut shell. The recovery of metals from spent electroless plating baths by oxalate precipitation was reported by Gyliene and Salkauskas. Uchiyama et al. obtained a patent for a method of capturing metal ions in an organic solvent. The reduction of rinse water through use of a toroidal conductivity sensor was reported by Roof. Mazzochi patented a process for recovery of chromium plating rinsewater utilizing spray rinsing and a heated rinse tank. The use of activated carbon for recovery and recycling of chlorinated solvents was addressed by Kenson. Pajunen provided a description of a shortbed, reciprocating flow ion exchange system for purification and recovery of chromic acid based electrolytes. Continuous electrolytic metal recovery with a packed-bed cathode was reported by Zhou et al. (I and II). Bishara et al. patented an electrolytic method for metal recovery. Devices for METAL FINISHING
??
FEBRUARY
1996