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allocation: A survey
Microclec iron. R eliab., Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 1121- I 129, 1986. Printed in Great Britain.
0026--2714/8653.00 + .00 © 1986 Pergamon Journals Ltd,
RELIABILITY APPORTIONHENT/ALLOCATION: A SURVEY BALBIR S. DHILLON DeparUnent of Mechanical E n s i n e e r l n g , U n i v e r s i t y of Ottawa, Ottawa, O n t a r i o , Canada KIN 6N5 (Received f o r p u b l l c a c l o n 7 August 1986)
Abstract Thts paper presents a brtef introduction and an extensive 11st of selective references on r e l i a b i l i t y apportionment~allocation.
INTRODUCTION
The r e l i a b i l i t y
apporttonmnt/allocatton ts an Important cowonent of
r e l l e b t 1 | W engtneer|ng.
Usually, t t t s
reliability
of a system.
More s p e c i f i c a l l y , once the overall system
reliability
quantitative requirements are specified, the next logtcal step ts
to allocate the specified r e l i a b i l i t y development stage. rellabfllty
practiced to met the specified
to |ts subsystem or components at the
Thts way t f the subsystem* or components' allocated
requirements are f u l f i l l e d then the overall specified system
r e l i a b i l i t y w t l l automatically be achieved.
There are several r e l i a b i l i t y
approaches available tn the published l i t e r a t u r e to allocate specified system r e ] t a b t l t t ~ to 1is subsystem or components. reliability
The sertous thtnktng on
allocation appears to have been started tn the 1950's.
I t was tn
1956, when a r e l l a b t 1 1 ~ allocation method appeared tn the Electronic Applications Revtew [31]. allocation method.
Thts was probably the f t r s t Important r e l l a b t l l t #
Another Important method appeared tn the Advtsory Group
on Re1|ablltty of Electronic Equipment (AGREE) report tn 1957 [103].
Stnce
1957 severe1 other r e l i a b i l i t y allocation methods have appeared tn the documented l i t e r a t u r e .
Hany of the Important techniques are described tn
data11 tn references [26, 29, 61, 118, 120]. The r e l i a b i l i t y allocation may be described as the process of assigning r e l i a b i l i t y
requirements to system components to achteve the
overall specified r e l l a b f l l t y of the system tn question.
Some of the
advantages of rellabt]tt;y allocation/apportionment are as follows [26, 27]: 1121
1122
B.S. DHILLON
i) ii)
I t leads to better design, manufacturing methods and so on I t serves as a useful tool for the prime contractor's management to evaluate r e l i a b i l i t y achievements of i t s concerned subcontractors.
Ill)
I t forces the designer to consider r e l i a b l l i t y on an equal basis with other system parameters
Iv)
I t specifies required r e l l a b i l l t y to subcontractors for their
subsystems. v)
I t forces the designer to understand and develop relationships among the r e l t a b t l t t t e s of component, subsystem, and system.
Over sixty percent of references cited in this paper were taken from the Journals and conference proceedings listed in Table 1.
Table I : Number
Sources of Journal and Conference Proceedings references. Sources
i.
Mlcroelectronlcs and R e l i a b i l i t y
Z.
IEEE Transactions on Reliability
3.
Proceedings - Annals of Reliability and Maintainability Conference, U.S.A.
4.
Automatic Control and Computer Sciences.
5.
Operations Research.
6.
Naval Research Logistic Quarterly.
7.
Machine Design.
8.
Proceedings of the Nattonal Symposium on Reliability and Qualtl~y Control, U.S.A.
9.
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.
i0.
Quality and R e l t a b l l t ~ Journal, India.
11.
Proceedings of Reliability and Fault Tree Analysis, Published by Society of Industrial and Applted Mathematics (SIAM), U.S.A.
12.
Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Koyoto, Japan.
13.
Electronic Applications Review.
14,
INFOR
15.
Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science.
16.
Systems Computer Controls.
17.
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.
Reliability apportionment/allocation
1123
Number
Sources
18.
R e ] t a b t ] t ~ Engineering.
19.
Proceedings of the Annual R e l i a b i ] ] ~ and Maintainability Symostum, U.S.A.
20.
Aerospace Re]tabt]tty and Maintatnabt]tty Conference, U.S.A.
21.
Ketet-Kagaku (Japanese).
22.
E]ectrtca] Engineering tn Japan.
23.
Internationa] Journal of Mathematics, Education, Science and Techno]ogy.
24.
European Journal of Operational Research.
25.
Internattona] Journal of Production Research.
26.
Journa] of the Structural Division, Amertcan Soctet¥ of Ctvt| Engineers (ASCE).
27.
Journa] of Hechantsm, Transmissions, and Autometton tn Design.
The selective references 11sted tn thts paper can be classified |nto ftve dtsttnct categories. reports and theses.
These are books, Journals, conference proceedings,
All the references 11sted [1-121] are dtrectly or
I n d i r e c t l y related to r e l i a b i l i t y
a11ocatton/apport|onment.
The pertod
covered ts from ntneteen f t f t # stx to ntneteen etght~ five.
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I.M. Sot, K.K. Aggarwal, "On Formulation of a Reliable Cost Allocation Strategy in Centralized Con~outer Networks", Mlcroelectrontcs and R e l i a b i l i t y , Vol. 20, 1980, pp. 665-671.
113.
W.Z. Spivey, "Comparison of Reliability Allocation Optimization Methods, ~ster's Thesis, Dept. No. GRE/EE/69-2, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, December 1969, U.S.A.
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R.E. T~ylor, Opttml Resource Allocation for R e l i a b i l i t y tn Series Systems, Ph.D. dissertation, Vlrgtnta Polytechnic I n s t i t u t e , 1970, U.S.A.
115.
E.A. Ttmsans, R.J. McNtchols, S.L. Berry, " A v a i l a b i l i t y Allocation Using a Family of Ityperboltc Cost Functions", IEEE Transactions on R e l i a b l l t t # , Vo]. R-24, No. 5, Dec. 1975, pp. 333-335.
116.
d. Todorovtc, O. Zelenovtc, "An Approach to the Allocation of Nechanlcal System's R e ] l a b i l i t y - EFTS Method", International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1974, pp. 169-177.
117.
O. Veneztano, R. Melt, M. Rodrlguez, "Proof Loading for Target R e l i a b i l i t y " , Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. STI, Jan. 1978, pp. 79-93, U.S.A.
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112~
0026--2714/8653.00 + .00 © 1986 Pergamon Journals Ltd,
RELIABILITY APPORTIONHENT/ALLOCATION: A SURVEY BALBIR S. DHILLON DeparUnent of Mechanical E n s i n e e r l n g , U n i v e r s i t y of Ottawa, Ottawa, O n t a r i o , Canada KIN 6N5 (Received f o r p u b l l c a c l o n 7 August 1986)
Abstract Thts paper presents a brtef introduction and an extensive 11st of selective references on r e l i a b i l i t y apportionment~allocation.
INTRODUCTION
The r e l i a b i l i t y
apporttonmnt/allocatton ts an Important cowonent of
r e l l e b t 1 | W engtneer|ng.
Usually, t t t s
reliability
of a system.
More s p e c i f i c a l l y , once the overall system
reliability
quantitative requirements are specified, the next logtcal step ts
to allocate the specified r e l i a b i l i t y development stage. rellabfllty
practiced to met the specified
to |ts subsystem or components at the
Thts way t f the subsystem* or components' allocated
requirements are f u l f i l l e d then the overall specified system
r e l i a b i l i t y w t l l automatically be achieved.
There are several r e l i a b i l i t y
approaches available tn the published l i t e r a t u r e to allocate specified system r e ] t a b t l t t ~ to 1is subsystem or components. reliability
The sertous thtnktng on
allocation appears to have been started tn the 1950's.
I t was tn
1956, when a r e l l a b t 1 1 ~ allocation method appeared tn the Electronic Applications Revtew [31]. allocation method.
Thts was probably the f t r s t Important r e l l a b t l l t #
Another Important method appeared tn the Advtsory Group
on Re1|ablltty of Electronic Equipment (AGREE) report tn 1957 [103].
Stnce
1957 severe1 other r e l i a b i l i t y allocation methods have appeared tn the documented l i t e r a t u r e .
Hany of the Important techniques are described tn
data11 tn references [26, 29, 61, 118, 120]. The r e l i a b i l i t y allocation may be described as the process of assigning r e l i a b i l i t y
requirements to system components to achteve the
overall specified r e l l a b f l l t y of the system tn question.
Some of the
advantages of rellabt]tt;y allocation/apportionment are as follows [26, 27]: 1121
1122
B.S. DHILLON
i) ii)
I t leads to better design, manufacturing methods and so on I t serves as a useful tool for the prime contractor's management to evaluate r e l i a b i l i t y achievements of i t s concerned subcontractors.
Ill)
I t forces the designer to consider r e l i a b l l i t y on an equal basis with other system parameters
Iv)
I t specifies required r e l l a b i l l t y to subcontractors for their
subsystems. v)
I t forces the designer to understand and develop relationships among the r e l t a b t l t t t e s of component, subsystem, and system.
Over sixty percent of references cited in this paper were taken from the Journals and conference proceedings listed in Table 1.
Table I : Number
Sources of Journal and Conference Proceedings references. Sources
i.
Mlcroelectronlcs and R e l i a b i l i t y
Z.
IEEE Transactions on Reliability
3.
Proceedings - Annals of Reliability and Maintainability Conference, U.S.A.
4.
Automatic Control and Computer Sciences.
5.
Operations Research.
6.
Naval Research Logistic Quarterly.
7.
Machine Design.
8.
Proceedings of the Nattonal Symposium on Reliability and Qualtl~y Control, U.S.A.
9.
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.
i0.
Quality and R e l t a b l l t ~ Journal, India.
11.
Proceedings of Reliability and Fault Tree Analysis, Published by Society of Industrial and Applted Mathematics (SIAM), U.S.A.
12.
Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Koyoto, Japan.
13.
Electronic Applications Review.
14,
INFOR
15.
Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on Systems Science.
16.
Systems Computer Controls.
17.
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems.
Reliability apportionment/allocation
1123
Number
Sources
18.
R e ] t a b t ] t ~ Engineering.
19.
Proceedings of the Annual R e l i a b i ] ] ~ and Maintainability Symostum, U.S.A.
20.
Aerospace Re]tabt]tty and Maintatnabt]tty Conference, U.S.A.
21.
Ketet-Kagaku (Japanese).
22.
E]ectrtca] Engineering tn Japan.
23.
Internationa] Journal of Mathematics, Education, Science and Techno]ogy.
24.
European Journal of Operational Research.
25.
Internattona] Journal of Production Research.
26.
Journa] of the Structural Division, Amertcan Soctet¥ of Ctvt| Engineers (ASCE).
27.
Journa] of Hechantsm, Transmissions, and Autometton tn Design.
The selective references 11sted tn thts paper can be classified |nto ftve dtsttnct categories. reports and theses.
These are books, Journals, conference proceedings,
All the references 11sted [1-121] are dtrectly or
I n d i r e c t l y related to r e l i a b i l i t y
a11ocatton/apport|onment.
The pertod
covered ts from ntneteen f t f t # stx to ntneteen etght~ five.
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101 •
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106.
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112~