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An Australian species of Chaetocalathus
Short Communications
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Fig. 2. Urocysfis violae. A-D, Metabasidia each with a crown of lobes; E-G, basidia with attached basidiospores; in G one has just become free; H, apical part of a basidium; one metabasidial lobe has given rise to a hypha; from another a basidios~orehas just become free; I, liberated basidiospores.
An Australian species of Chaetocalathus J. A. SIMPSON Pathology Section, Wood Technology and Forest Research Division, Forestry Commission N.S.W., P.O. Box 100, Beecroff 2119, Australia
C. A. G R G U R I N O V I C 51 Vardys Rd, Kings Lungley 2147, Australia
An Australian species of Chaefocalafhus.Mycological Research 93 (3):389-391 (1989).
Pleurotus cheelii is transferred to the genus Ckaetocalathw. The fungus is redescribed from the type and other collections. Key words: Chaetocalafkus cheelii, Pleurotus, Australia.
Re-examination of the holotype collection and available authentic material of Pleurofus cheelii Massee has indicated the species would be better placed in Chaefocalafhw Singer, a genus not previously reported from Australia. The species is therefore redescribed.
Chaetocalathus cheelii (Massee) Simpson & Grgurinovic, comb. nov. (Fig. I) Pleurofus cheelii Massee, Bull. Misc. Inf. b 1907: 122 (1907). Basidiome small, white, cyphelloid-pleurotoid. Pilew membranaceous, dimidiate, conchate, 2-3 mm long, 3-4 rnrn wide,
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Fig. 1. Chaetocalathus cheelii. A, Cheilocystidia; B, basidiospores; C, thick-walled hyphae from pileal context; D, inflated cells from pileal context; E, apices of setoid hairs from pileipellis.
becoming spherical when dry, 1-2 mm diam; dorsally attached; surface longitudinally fibrillose or villose, white drying yellowish or white; margin sometimes fissile, fimbriate to fibrillose; context thin, white. Lamellae distant, radiating from vertex, ventricose, adnate, white, edge fimbriate. Sfipe rudimentary, glabrous. Spores 5-3-6.8 x 4.0-6.5 pm (i= 5.8 x 4.9, S.D. 0.5 x 0.6, n = 25), Q = 1.2, broadly ellipsoid, obliquely apiculate, with small guttules, hyaline; wall thin, smooth, dextrinoid, not cyanophilous, not congophilous. Basidia 16.1-24.2 x 6.5-8.2 pm, clavate, hyaline, inamyloid, bearing four sterigmata. Cheilocystidia 16.4-29.9 x 3.9-7.7 pm (T = 22.5 x 5.4, s . ~ . + 3 . 5 x 1.2, n = 15), hyaline, thin- to thick-walled, inamyloid, ventricose, subfusoid, lageniform or clavate, with one or two apical or subapical branches encrusted with crystalline deposits. Pleurocysfidia confined to lower lamella, identical to cheilocystidia. Hymenophoral trama hyaline, subirregular, of thin-walled hyphae. Pileal surface of long, curved or straight, setoid hairs, 265-483 x 2.9-6.7 pm (T = 360 x 4.4, S.D. 65 x 1.2, n = IS), hyaline, strongly dextrinoid and congophilous especially at base, not reacting with KOH; apex usually subulate, rounded occasionally, sometimes thin-walled, inamyloid, and extended for up to 15 pm: sometimes encrusted with fine crystals, wall 0.8-2.4 pm thick (T = 1.2), aseptate or occasionally with multiple simple septa near apex; with basal clamp-connexion, subtending hypha neither dextrinoid nor congophilous. Pileal context less than 90
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pm thick, hyaline, not gelatinized, of (a) thin-walled hyphae 1.5-3.0 pm diam; (b) aseptate, inamyloid, acongophilous hyphae, 2.7-3.9 pm diam (i= 3.0, S.D. 0.5, n = l5), which sometimes extend into trama of lamellae; (c)large, thin-walled, inamyloid, acongophilous, ovoid, subglobose or ventricose cells 16.4-25-0 x 10.6-18.3 pm (T = 19.9 x 14.5, S.D. 3.1 x 2.7). Clamp-connexions present on all hyphae.
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Specimens examined:Australia, New South Wales, Eden, Twofold Bay, 18 Dec. 1903, gregarious on fallen woody twigs, E. Cheel 7 (K, holotype); Twofold Bay, no date, J. B. Cleland (AD 17330),perhaps an isotype; Royal National Park, 15 July 1916, J. B. Cleland (AD 17329). The presence of encrusting crystals on the non-dextrinoid cheilocystidia indicates that C. cheelii is best placed in Chaefocalafhus sect. Holocysfis Singer. Chaefocalatnus cheelii appears to be closely related to C. niduliformis (Murr.) Singer described from the Americas (Singer, 1942, 1976) and Africa (Pegler, 1977). Both species have inflated cells in the pileal context and encrusted apically branched cheilocystidia. However, C. cheelii differs from C. niduliformis in the inamyloid cheilocystidia, longer pileal hairs (up to 480 pm versus up to 300 pm), smaller basidiospores (5.3-6.8 x 4704.5 pm versus 6.5-9.5 x 4.8-7 pm), and presence of parallel, thick-walled, aseptate, hyaline hyphae in pileal context. The thin-walled extension on some hairs is suggestive of Flagelloscypha Donk.
Short Communications
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REFERENCES PEGLER, D. N. (1977). A preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 6, 1 4 1 5 . SINGER, R. (1942). A monographic study of the genera Crinipellis and Chaetocalathus. Lilloa 8 , 441-533.
SINGER, R. (1976). A monograph of the Neotropical species of the Marasmiae (excepting the Oudemansiellinae), BasidiornycetesTricholomataceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 17, 1-348.
(Received for publication 15 December 1988)
A new species of Trinacvium from Taiwan S. S. T Z E A N A N D J. L. C H E N Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 10764 A new species of Trinacrium from Taiwan. Mycological Research 93 (3): 391-393 (1989). Trinacrium robwtum sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with other Trinacrium species of similar conidial morphology. Key words: Trinacrium robustum, Triradiate conidia, Hyphomycetes, Taxonomy.
Trinacrium was erected b y Riess t o accommodate a single species T. subtile Riess, a species characterized b y the production of triradiate conidia, consisting of a main axis and bearing two divergent radiate arms (Saccardo, 1886). In general the conidia are hyaline, smooth-walled and Y-shaped; however, depending o n the species, the main axis and arms may be thin and delicate, o r clavate with little dilation, o r even with distinct constriction at the septa and become necklaceshaped (Saccardo, 1886; Matsushima, 1975, 1980, 1987). So far five species of Trinacrium have been described, species separation being primarily based o n conidial morphology, ontogeny, and conidiogenous cell morphology (Saccardo, 1886; Matsushima, 1975, 1980, 1987). Trinacrium species inhabit decaying leaf litter (Matsushima, 1975, 1980, 1987), but are also reported as parasitizing other fungi, e.g. oospores of Pyfhium (Drechsler, 1938). While surveying the Hyphomycetes of Taiwan originating from fallen, decaying stems or leaves, many new or interesting fungi have been encountered. Among these, at least three strains of Trinacrium have been obtained and identified - T. subtile Riess, T. parvisporurn Mats. and one undescribed strain. T h e latter is described as a new species because of its unique features. Trinacrium robustum Tzean & Chen, sp. nov.
(Figs 1-9)
Coloniae tardae crescentes in CMA (Zea mays L. farinosis agaribus), adeptines 1-1.5 cm diam, in 14-20 diebus, ad 25 OC. Coloniae effusae, aurantiacae albae ad aurantiacae, reversae in pallidis aurantiacis albae umbrae. Mycelium fere immersum ramosum, septatum 1.6-6 vm laturn. Conidiophora micronematosa, mononematosa, stricta vel flexuosa, laevia, hyalina. Cellulae conidiogenae pleurogenae vel acrogenae, determinatae vel sympodiales, laeves, hyalinae. Conidia Y-formia laevia, hyalina, pallide brunnea in massa, principalis axis clavata 1-6 sed fere 2-3 septata, 15-20 pm longs 3.84.3 prn lata, fere cum 2, sed raro 3-4 divergens 1-5 (fere 2-3) brachium septata. Brachia contracta et rotundata in finibus, 9.625 vm longa 4 6 + 3 pm lata, leviter constricta ad septis. In caulis lapsis emortuis, Penhu, Taiwan, R.O.C., 13 Nov. 1986, holotypus PPH5.
Colonies slow-growing o n CMA (corn meal agar), obtaining a diam of 1-1.5 cm in 14-20 d at 25'. Colonies effuse, orange white t o orange, reverse in shades of pale orange white. Mycelium mostly immersed, branched, septate 1.6-6 pm wide. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, straight or flexuous, smooth, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells pleurogenous or acrogenous, determinate or sympodial, smooth, hyaline.
Fig. I. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia of Trinacrium robwtum.
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Fig. 2. Urocysfis violae. A-D, Metabasidia each with a crown of lobes; E-G, basidia with attached basidiospores; in G one has just become free; H, apical part of a basidium; one metabasidial lobe has given rise to a hypha; from another a basidios~orehas just become free; I, liberated basidiospores.
An Australian species of Chaetocalathus J. A. SIMPSON Pathology Section, Wood Technology and Forest Research Division, Forestry Commission N.S.W., P.O. Box 100, Beecroff 2119, Australia
C. A. G R G U R I N O V I C 51 Vardys Rd, Kings Lungley 2147, Australia
An Australian species of Chaefocalafhus.Mycological Research 93 (3):389-391 (1989).
Pleurotus cheelii is transferred to the genus Ckaetocalathw. The fungus is redescribed from the type and other collections. Key words: Chaetocalafkus cheelii, Pleurotus, Australia.
Re-examination of the holotype collection and available authentic material of Pleurofus cheelii Massee has indicated the species would be better placed in Chaefocalafhw Singer, a genus not previously reported from Australia. The species is therefore redescribed.
Chaetocalathus cheelii (Massee) Simpson & Grgurinovic, comb. nov. (Fig. I) Pleurofus cheelii Massee, Bull. Misc. Inf. b 1907: 122 (1907). Basidiome small, white, cyphelloid-pleurotoid. Pilew membranaceous, dimidiate, conchate, 2-3 mm long, 3-4 rnrn wide,
Short Communications
390
Fig. 1. Chaetocalathus cheelii. A, Cheilocystidia; B, basidiospores; C, thick-walled hyphae from pileal context; D, inflated cells from pileal context; E, apices of setoid hairs from pileipellis.
becoming spherical when dry, 1-2 mm diam; dorsally attached; surface longitudinally fibrillose or villose, white drying yellowish or white; margin sometimes fissile, fimbriate to fibrillose; context thin, white. Lamellae distant, radiating from vertex, ventricose, adnate, white, edge fimbriate. Sfipe rudimentary, glabrous. Spores 5-3-6.8 x 4.0-6.5 pm (i= 5.8 x 4.9, S.D. 0.5 x 0.6, n = 25), Q = 1.2, broadly ellipsoid, obliquely apiculate, with small guttules, hyaline; wall thin, smooth, dextrinoid, not cyanophilous, not congophilous. Basidia 16.1-24.2 x 6.5-8.2 pm, clavate, hyaline, inamyloid, bearing four sterigmata. Cheilocystidia 16.4-29.9 x 3.9-7.7 pm (T = 22.5 x 5.4, s . ~ . + 3 . 5 x 1.2, n = 15), hyaline, thin- to thick-walled, inamyloid, ventricose, subfusoid, lageniform or clavate, with one or two apical or subapical branches encrusted with crystalline deposits. Pleurocysfidia confined to lower lamella, identical to cheilocystidia. Hymenophoral trama hyaline, subirregular, of thin-walled hyphae. Pileal surface of long, curved or straight, setoid hairs, 265-483 x 2.9-6.7 pm (T = 360 x 4.4, S.D. 65 x 1.2, n = IS), hyaline, strongly dextrinoid and congophilous especially at base, not reacting with KOH; apex usually subulate, rounded occasionally, sometimes thin-walled, inamyloid, and extended for up to 15 pm: sometimes encrusted with fine crystals, wall 0.8-2.4 pm thick (T = 1.2), aseptate or occasionally with multiple simple septa near apex; with basal clamp-connexion, subtending hypha neither dextrinoid nor congophilous. Pileal context less than 90
+
pm thick, hyaline, not gelatinized, of (a) thin-walled hyphae 1.5-3.0 pm diam; (b) aseptate, inamyloid, acongophilous hyphae, 2.7-3.9 pm diam (i= 3.0, S.D. 0.5, n = l5), which sometimes extend into trama of lamellae; (c)large, thin-walled, inamyloid, acongophilous, ovoid, subglobose or ventricose cells 16.4-25-0 x 10.6-18.3 pm (T = 19.9 x 14.5, S.D. 3.1 x 2.7). Clamp-connexions present on all hyphae.
+
Specimens examined:Australia, New South Wales, Eden, Twofold Bay, 18 Dec. 1903, gregarious on fallen woody twigs, E. Cheel 7 (K, holotype); Twofold Bay, no date, J. B. Cleland (AD 17330),perhaps an isotype; Royal National Park, 15 July 1916, J. B. Cleland (AD 17329). The presence of encrusting crystals on the non-dextrinoid cheilocystidia indicates that C. cheelii is best placed in Chaefocalafhus sect. Holocysfis Singer. Chaefocalatnus cheelii appears to be closely related to C. niduliformis (Murr.) Singer described from the Americas (Singer, 1942, 1976) and Africa (Pegler, 1977). Both species have inflated cells in the pileal context and encrusted apically branched cheilocystidia. However, C. cheelii differs from C. niduliformis in the inamyloid cheilocystidia, longer pileal hairs (up to 480 pm versus up to 300 pm), smaller basidiospores (5.3-6.8 x 4704.5 pm versus 6.5-9.5 x 4.8-7 pm), and presence of parallel, thick-walled, aseptate, hyaline hyphae in pileal context. The thin-walled extension on some hairs is suggestive of Flagelloscypha Donk.
Short Communications
391
REFERENCES PEGLER, D. N. (1977). A preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 6, 1 4 1 5 . SINGER, R. (1942). A monographic study of the genera Crinipellis and Chaetocalathus. Lilloa 8 , 441-533.
SINGER, R. (1976). A monograph of the Neotropical species of the Marasmiae (excepting the Oudemansiellinae), BasidiornycetesTricholomataceae. Flora Neotropica Monograph 17, 1-348.
(Received for publication 15 December 1988)
A new species of Trinacvium from Taiwan S. S. T Z E A N A N D J. L. C H E N Department of Plant Pathology and Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. 10764 A new species of Trinacrium from Taiwan. Mycological Research 93 (3): 391-393 (1989). Trinacrium robwtum sp. nov. is described, illustrated and compared with other Trinacrium species of similar conidial morphology. Key words: Trinacrium robustum, Triradiate conidia, Hyphomycetes, Taxonomy.
Trinacrium was erected b y Riess t o accommodate a single species T. subtile Riess, a species characterized b y the production of triradiate conidia, consisting of a main axis and bearing two divergent radiate arms (Saccardo, 1886). In general the conidia are hyaline, smooth-walled and Y-shaped; however, depending o n the species, the main axis and arms may be thin and delicate, o r clavate with little dilation, o r even with distinct constriction at the septa and become necklaceshaped (Saccardo, 1886; Matsushima, 1975, 1980, 1987). So far five species of Trinacrium have been described, species separation being primarily based o n conidial morphology, ontogeny, and conidiogenous cell morphology (Saccardo, 1886; Matsushima, 1975, 1980, 1987). Trinacrium species inhabit decaying leaf litter (Matsushima, 1975, 1980, 1987), but are also reported as parasitizing other fungi, e.g. oospores of Pyfhium (Drechsler, 1938). While surveying the Hyphomycetes of Taiwan originating from fallen, decaying stems or leaves, many new or interesting fungi have been encountered. Among these, at least three strains of Trinacrium have been obtained and identified - T. subtile Riess, T. parvisporurn Mats. and one undescribed strain. T h e latter is described as a new species because of its unique features. Trinacrium robustum Tzean & Chen, sp. nov.
(Figs 1-9)
Coloniae tardae crescentes in CMA (Zea mays L. farinosis agaribus), adeptines 1-1.5 cm diam, in 14-20 diebus, ad 25 OC. Coloniae effusae, aurantiacae albae ad aurantiacae, reversae in pallidis aurantiacis albae umbrae. Mycelium fere immersum ramosum, septatum 1.6-6 vm laturn. Conidiophora micronematosa, mononematosa, stricta vel flexuosa, laevia, hyalina. Cellulae conidiogenae pleurogenae vel acrogenae, determinatae vel sympodiales, laeves, hyalinae. Conidia Y-formia laevia, hyalina, pallide brunnea in massa, principalis axis clavata 1-6 sed fere 2-3 septata, 15-20 pm longs 3.84.3 prn lata, fere cum 2, sed raro 3-4 divergens 1-5 (fere 2-3) brachium septata. Brachia contracta et rotundata in finibus, 9.625 vm longa 4 6 + 3 pm lata, leviter constricta ad septis. In caulis lapsis emortuis, Penhu, Taiwan, R.O.C., 13 Nov. 1986, holotypus PPH5.
Colonies slow-growing o n CMA (corn meal agar), obtaining a diam of 1-1.5 cm in 14-20 d at 25'. Colonies effuse, orange white t o orange, reverse in shades of pale orange white. Mycelium mostly immersed, branched, septate 1.6-6 pm wide. Conidiophores micronematous, mononematous, straight or flexuous, smooth, hyaline. Conidiogenous cells pleurogenous or acrogenous, determinate or sympodial, smooth, hyaline.
Fig. I. Conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia of Trinacrium robwtum.