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Antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract of Satureja khuzistanica
Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 768 – 770 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract of Satureja khuzistanica M. Amanloua, M.R. Fazelib, A. Arvinb, H.G. Aminc, H. Farsama,* a
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran Received 4 July 2003; accepted 6 September 2004 Available online 5 November 2004
Abstract The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica was investigated for its antimicrobial activity. The maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Satureja khuzistanica; Antimicrobial activity
1. Plant Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad (Labiateae), aerial parts collected in Iran (Khoramabad, Lorestan Province) in August 2002. A voucher specimen is deposited in the National Garden Herbarium (No. 57416) and identified by one of authors (G. Amin).
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 21 6112928; fax: +98 21 6461178. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Farsam). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.09.005
M. Amanlou et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 768–770
769
2. Uses in traditional medicine Infusion of aerial parts of this recently identified plant [1] is credited in folk medicine to relieve toothache.
3. Previously isolated constituents Essential oil [2].
4. Tested materials Aqueous MeOH (90%) extract of dried and powdered aerial parts (yields: 2.7% and 3.1% for wild and cultivated plant, respectively).
5. Studied activity Antibacterial and antifungal activities by agar disc diffusion method and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution method [3,4].
6. Used microorganisms Listed in Tables 1 and 2. All microorganisms were obtained from the collection of Tolid Daru, Tehran, Iran. Table 1 Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the cultivated and wild S. khuzistanica methanolic extracts Tested organism
G(+) Staphylococcus aureues Staphylococcus epidermidis G( ) Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Fungi Aspergillus niger Candida albicans
Zone of inhibition (mm)a Cb
Wb
Gentamycin
Nystatin
19 15
23 17
25 24
– –
15 12 12
16 15 14
20 15 20
– – –
12 15
15 16
– –
15 29
–: Not tested. a Values are the average of triplicate. b C, cultivated plant extract (2.7 mg/ml); W, wild plant extract (2.7 mg/ml); Gentamycin (10 Ag/disc), Nystatin (20 Ag/disc).
770
M. Amanlou et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 768–770
Table 2 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the cultivated and wild S. khuzistanica methanolic extracts Tested organism
MIC Ca
Gram(+) Staphylococcus aureues Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram ( ) Escherichia col Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Fungi Aspergillus niger Candida albicans
Wa (mg/ml)
Ampicillin (Ag/ml)
Amphotericin B (Ag/ml)
2 2
2 2
0.5 1
– –
20 50 20
4 10 10
0.12 5 0.12
– – –
8 4
2 1
– –
3 1
–: Not tested. a C, cultivated plant extract; W, wild plant extract.
7. Results Reported in Tables 1 and 2.
8. Conclusions The methanolic extracts of cultivated and native S. khuzistanica displayed inhibitory activity against G(+) and G( ) bacteria and were also active against the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The maximum activity was shown by native plant extract against Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans. The results seem to indicate that native plant extract may be more effective. A stronger antimicrobial activity in general was seen by the methanolic extract of native plant, probably due to the presence of isoeugenol [2]. Loss in activity in cultivated plant also suggests synergistic effects of different constituents in native plant rather than in cultivated one. The obtained results show a spectrum of antimicrobial activities which provides a support to some traditional uses of S. khuzistanica.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Dr. A.N. Salehinia for providing wild and cultivated plant and also Mr. H. Jamalifar for his help in microbiology assays.
References [1] Jamzad Z. Iran J Bot 1994;6:2. [2] Farsam H, Amanlou M, Radpour MR, Salehinia AN, Shafiee A. Flavour Fragr J 2004;19:308. [3] Greenwood D. In: Greenwood D, editor. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. New York7 Oxford University Press, 1989. [4] Vincent JG, Vincent HW. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994;55:162.
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of crude methanolic extract of Satureja khuzistanica M. Amanloua, M.R. Fazelib, A. Arvinb, H.G. Aminc, H. Farsama,* a
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran c Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14155-6451, Iran Received 4 July 2003; accepted 6 September 2004 Available online 5 November 2004
Abstract The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Satureja khuzistanica was investigated for its antimicrobial activity. The maximum antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Satureja khuzistanica; Antimicrobial activity
1. Plant Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad (Labiateae), aerial parts collected in Iran (Khoramabad, Lorestan Province) in August 2002. A voucher specimen is deposited in the National Garden Herbarium (No. 57416) and identified by one of authors (G. Amin).
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +98 21 6112928; fax: +98 21 6461178. E-mail address: [email protected] (H. Farsam). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.09.005
M. Amanlou et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 768–770
769
2. Uses in traditional medicine Infusion of aerial parts of this recently identified plant [1] is credited in folk medicine to relieve toothache.
3. Previously isolated constituents Essential oil [2].
4. Tested materials Aqueous MeOH (90%) extract of dried and powdered aerial parts (yields: 2.7% and 3.1% for wild and cultivated plant, respectively).
5. Studied activity Antibacterial and antifungal activities by agar disc diffusion method and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by broth dilution method [3,4].
6. Used microorganisms Listed in Tables 1 and 2. All microorganisms were obtained from the collection of Tolid Daru, Tehran, Iran. Table 1 Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the cultivated and wild S. khuzistanica methanolic extracts Tested organism
G(+) Staphylococcus aureues Staphylococcus epidermidis G( ) Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Fungi Aspergillus niger Candida albicans
Zone of inhibition (mm)a Cb
Wb
Gentamycin
Nystatin
19 15
23 17
25 24
– –
15 12 12
16 15 14
20 15 20
– – –
12 15
15 16
– –
15 29
–: Not tested. a Values are the average of triplicate. b C, cultivated plant extract (2.7 mg/ml); W, wild plant extract (2.7 mg/ml); Gentamycin (10 Ag/disc), Nystatin (20 Ag/disc).
770
M. Amanlou et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 768–770
Table 2 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the cultivated and wild S. khuzistanica methanolic extracts Tested organism
MIC Ca
Gram(+) Staphylococcus aureues Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram ( ) Escherichia col Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhi Fungi Aspergillus niger Candida albicans
Wa (mg/ml)
Ampicillin (Ag/ml)
Amphotericin B (Ag/ml)
2 2
2 2
0.5 1
– –
20 50 20
4 10 10
0.12 5 0.12
– – –
8 4
2 1
– –
3 1
–: Not tested. a C, cultivated plant extract; W, wild plant extract.
7. Results Reported in Tables 1 and 2.
8. Conclusions The methanolic extracts of cultivated and native S. khuzistanica displayed inhibitory activity against G(+) and G( ) bacteria and were also active against the fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The maximum activity was shown by native plant extract against Staphylococcus aureus and C. albicans. The results seem to indicate that native plant extract may be more effective. A stronger antimicrobial activity in general was seen by the methanolic extract of native plant, probably due to the presence of isoeugenol [2]. Loss in activity in cultivated plant also suggests synergistic effects of different constituents in native plant rather than in cultivated one. The obtained results show a spectrum of antimicrobial activities which provides a support to some traditional uses of S. khuzistanica.
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Dr. A.N. Salehinia for providing wild and cultivated plant and also Mr. H. Jamalifar for his help in microbiology assays.
References [1] Jamzad Z. Iran J Bot 1994;6:2. [2] Farsam H, Amanlou M, Radpour MR, Salehinia AN, Shafiee A. Flavour Fragr J 2004;19:308. [3] Greenwood D. In: Greenwood D, editor. Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. New York7 Oxford University Press, 1989. [4] Vincent JG, Vincent HW. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994;55:162.