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Application of comprehensive water-saving irrigation development level model based on FCE in a regional area
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eaef
Application of comprehensive water-saving irrigation development level model based on FCE in a regional area
T
Lujun Ding∗, Yuhong Liu Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, 618000, China
A R T I C LE I N FO
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Development level of water-saving irrigation Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) Weight Index system
It is of great practical significance to evaluate the development level of water-saving irrigation objectively and rationally for promoting the utilization of water resources and the development of water-saving irrigation. On the premise of analyzing the influencing factors of water-saving irrigation comprehensively, this paper establishes the index of water-saving irrigation technology development level, determines the index weight, establishes the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, and carries out the multi-level, multi-index and multi-factor comprehensive evaluation on the development level of water-saving irrigation in Sichuan Province and various cities and states. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation results of the regional water-saving irrigation development level in Sichuan Province are in a poor level. Under the circumstances of taking reasonable measures, Sichuan Province has a great potential to develop water-saving irrigation.
1. Introduction Water saving irrigation means maximum production benefit and economic benefit with less irrigation water volume. Water-saving irrigation technology system generally includes water resources development and utilization technology, water-saving irrigation engineering technology, water-saving and efficient agronomic technology and water-saving management technology (Lou et al., 2014). Water-saving irrigation is the main way to alleviate the current shortage of water resources in China and a long-term strategic measure to achieve sustainable development. The objective evaluation of the development level of regional water-saving irrigation can provide scientific basis for the scientific and rational formulation of regional water-saving agricultural development plan, regional water-saving policies and watersaving measures, effectively alleviate the water shortage in the region, promote the efficient utilization of water resources and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production. Comprehensive evaluation of regional water-saving irrigation development level is a multi-level, multi-index and multi-factor evaluation process. Comprehensive evaluation of regional water-saving irrigation development level is to construct multiple indexes reflecting different properties and different levels of research objects into different levels. Quantitative indexes are used to reflect the overall development level of evaluation objects. Comprehensive evaluation of development level is conducive to grasping the development level of
∗
research objects in similar things and is conducive to the macro-level. At the level of view, we should grasp the level and trend of the development of things. In recent years, the comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation development has developed from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation. The evaluation system has developed from simple evaluation system to comprehensive evaluation system. The evaluation content has developed from single project benefit evaluation to multi-measures comprehensive evaluation (Wu et al., 2009). Wen Bohai (Wen, 1992) set up a comprehensive evaluation index system from the aspects of technical and economic index, water source type, construction management and investment level, and studied the sprinkler micro-irrigation project planning. Peng Zhigong (Peng et al., 2009) set up an irrigation management index system from six aspects: irrigation efficiency, regional water consumption, development and utilization degree of water resources, water quality, water productivity of main crops, and regional water consumption, and evaluated the level of irrigation management by using principal component analysis method. The irrigation management system under different water management modes was obtained. Rational evaluation and classification. Jiang Xinhui (Jiang and Xu, 2012) has set up indexes of utilization ratio, irrigation rate and saving irrigation rate to evaluate six areas in northern Henan. It is concluded that there is a certain watersaving potential in northern Henan, which is in the transitional stage of water-saving irrigation development. Based on the concept of efficient utilization of water resources, Zhu Meiling constructed a field-scale
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Ding).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2018.10.002 Received 21 October 2017; Received in revised form 14 August 2018; Accepted 21 October 2018 Available online 23 October 2018 1881-8366/ © 2018 Asian Agricultural and Biological Engineering Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
2. Evaluation index system of water-saving irrigation development level
evaluation index system for agricultural water use efficiency, which provided a measurement tool for the evaluation of the application effect of field water-saving technology (Zhu, 2012). Zhang Xin (Zhang and Cai, 2009) combines entropy theory with fuzzy matter-element modeling to construct a fuzzy matter-element comprehensive evaluation model for agricultural water-saving projects based on entropy weight. However, this method is prone to information omission in the process of index selection and simplification. Cui Ningbo (Cui et al., 2016) established a comprehensive evaluation index system of regional agricultural water-saving development level composed of three secondary indexes and 33 tertiary indexes. Principal component analysis was used to simplify it into an evaluation index system composed of 14 indexes. To a certain extent, the influence of the correlation of the evaluation indexes on the evaluation results was eliminated. The index system can better evaluate the development level of regional agricultural watersaving irrigation. According to matter-element model, correlation function theory and extension mathematic method, Wen Xianming established a comprehensive evaluation model of county agricultural economic development. Through the model, the multi-index evaluation is summed up as a single-objective decision-making, and Ningyuan County of Hunan Province is selected as an evaluation example to measure the state of county agricultural economic development, which has a strong practical value (Wen and He, 2005). Lou Yuhong constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of water-saving irrigation development level from three 2-level indexes of water-saving, agronomic water-saving and management water-saving, and 33 3-level indexes of irrigation water utilization coefficient. By using principal component analysis method, the above index system was simplified into 14 principal component factors, and the set pair analysis method was adopted to carry out in Sichuan Province. The evaluation of the development level of regional water-saving irrigation has achieved scientific and reasonable evaluation results. In the 1990s, Chen Shoudeng established the engineering fuzzy set theory matrix on the basis of relative membership degree and relative membership degree function, and then created the variable fuzzy set theory based on engineering fuzzy set theory. Su Yanna and others constructed the evaluation index system from three aspects of human impact degree, natural ecological background and farmland environmental condition. The variable fuzzy evaluation model was used to evaluate the agricultural ecological environment of Changshu city. The evaluation results were consistent with those of Liu Xinwei and others using the grey clustering evaluation method based on triangular whitening weight function. It shows the applicability of the model (Su et al., 2007). Wang Wenchuan used variable fuzzy evaluation model to evaluate the water quality of irrigation water samples in Qianxiang, Pingluo County, Ningxia. The evaluation results were consistent with those of grey clustering method and multivariate numerical analysis method, which proved that the method had high reliability and was an effective method for complex multifactor evaluation (Wang et al., 2009). Fang Chong used the ant colony projection pursuit regression model to comprehensively evaluate the benefit of water-saving transformation of large irrigation districts in Inner Mongolia (ChongCai and Zhang, 2010). Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is a common method which integrates qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. It has been widely used in engineering technology, economic management and social life. Taking Sichuan Province as an example, this paper uses fuzzy set theory to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of regional water-saving irrigation development level, and through changing model and parameters, the evaluation grade of sample water-saving irrigation development level is reasonably determined, which provides scientific guidance for regional water-saving irrigation development level evaluation.
2.1. Connotation and influencing factors of water saving irrigation Water-saving irrigation is a general term for various measures taken to make full use of natural precipitation and irrigation water to obtain the best economic, social and ecological benefits of agriculture according to the law of crop water demand and local water supply conditions. Its core is to reduce the ineffective loss of water resources in the process of irrigation water use, minimize the loss of water evaporation and leakage in reservoirs and canals, reduce the ineffective soil evaporation and deep leakage in farmland, reduce the transpiration water consumption of crops, and achieve the purpose of maximizing the effective utilization of water resources. The connotation of water-saving irrigation includes rational development and utilization of water resources, water-saving of water distribution system, water-saving of field irrigation process, water management and technical measures of agronomic water-saving and yield-increasing. The development level of water-saving irrigation is to evaluate the water-saving level of a region scientifically and rationally through the analysis of various factors affecting the development of water-saving irrigation, at present, there are many indexes describing the development level of water-saving irrigation, but they can not reflect the development level of regional watersaving irrigation comprehensively and reasonably. At present, most of the evaluation of water-saving irrigation level is mainly based on the size of agricultural comprehensive gross irrigation quota. Although this evaluation method is simple and feasible, there are obvious shortcomings. The main reason is that the output of crops is not reflected. There are many factors affecting water-saving irrigation, such as the type and scale of irrigation area, the natural conditions such as precipitation and evaporation, the management level of irrigation area, crop types, economic development level and so on.
2.1.1. Development index of water-saving irrigation projects To develop water-saving irrigation, engineering construction is very important. Agronomy, management and policy measures of watersaving irrigation are realized through a series of Engineering measures. Engineering construction is the material basis of water-saving irrigation development, and engineering measures are the main content of watersaving irrigation construction. Indicators reflecting the development level of water-saving irrigation projects in a region are as follows: the proportion of water-saving irrigation area to total irrigation area, the proportion of sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation area to watersaving irrigation area, the utilization coefficient of irrigation water, the comprehensive benefit of water-saving irrigation per mu, the seepage control rate of main and branch canals, the seepage control rate of field canals, The average water use per hm2, per capita water resources (m3), and water resources development degree of farmland irrigation are all.
2.1.2. Development index of water-saving irrigation measures Agronomic water saving technology is the main measure to improve the water use efficiency of farmland. It can reduce the water consumption in the growing period of crops and increase the yield of crops by choosing suitable crop species, varieties and planting methods, as well as adopting reasonable irrigation, fertilization, tillage, mulching, chemical control and regulation measures, and ultimately achieve the goal of water saving, high yield and high efficiency. Indicators reflecting the development level of water-saving irrigation agronomic measures are: rice water productivity, wheat water productivity, rice “dry seedling” area and planting area ratio, rice “shallow wet sun” irrigation area and planting area ratio, dry farming agricultural technology extension area, and per capita income level of agricultural population. 99
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
2.3.1. Accumulation factor in analytic hierarchy process Because the product factor assignment method has certain subjectivity, this paper uses the product factor hierarchical analysis improved method - product factor bit assignment method to calculate the index weight. Product factor bit assignment method to construct a hierarchical structure model and preprocess the index layer data, according to practical problems, the index layer factors are recorded as c1, c2,c3, …, cn, the data of each index are processed with the same trend, that is to say, the elements of each index are in the same direction when reflecting the quality of the index. The processed data are recorded as x1, x2, x3, …, xn, then x1, x2, x3, …, xn are the basic datas for decision analysis. Secondly, starting from the index layer, it is necessary to determine the attribute values of the factors in each layer, that is, to reflect the degree of importance of each scheme to the factors. The ranking value after xi is used to reflect the degree of importance, that is, the corresponding attribute value. In order to prevent excessive fluctuation, the factors are determined to be 1–9 with 9 grades, i.e. the maximum value corresponds to 9 grades, the minimum value corresponds to 1 grades, and the others are filled in 1–9 according to the data size, the result is recorded as xi ', which is the attribute value of the i index. The attribute values of each scheme in the sub criteria layer are calculated, and the contribution coefficient is also given. The attribute values of each scheme can be obtained by taking the arithmetic average of the attribute values of each index layer corresponding to the scheme, then dividing the interval of the minimum and maximum of the arithmetic average into nine parts according to the length, the minimum corresponding to the first level, the maximum corresponding to the ninth level, and Other data are filled in 1–9, the result is recorded as uj', which is the attribute value of the j index. The contribution coefficient of each index layer is calculated by using the product factor method. Taking the logarithm of both sides of n u′j = ∏i = 1 x ijαi (j = 1,2, ⋯, m) at the same time and transforming it into linear regression, the regression coefficient αi is calculated by the least square method, then αi reflects the contribution of xij to the sub-criterion layer of i, so it is called the contribution coefficient of index xij to I sub criterion level (i = 1, 2, …, n), then nαi is the index weight of xij
2.1.3. Water saving irrigation management measures development level index The task of irrigation management is to maintain the normal and safe operation of the project and equipment. Through the management of irrigation facilities and the rational allocation and utilization of water resources in irrigation areas, the scientific management work aimed at promoting stable and high yield of agriculture is carried out. Irrigation management includes four parts: organization management, engineering facilities management, water management and management. Indicators affecting the development level of water-saving irrigation management measures include: policies and regulations, watersaving strategies, investment mechanism, property rights system reform, technology extension system, government support, publicity and education, public participation, water-saving incentives, planning and design, supporting projects, project management and maintenance, graded management of projects, and irrigation system. There are 20 indexes for determining, monitoring soil moisture, popularizing water measuring technology, automatic control technology, planned water use, metering and charging, and setting reasonable water price.
2.2. Selection of evaluation indicators The selection of water-saving irrigation development indicators and the determination of the structural relationship between the indicators are the basis for the comprehensive evaluation of regional water-saving irrigation development level. The evaluation index system should fully reflect the content of water-saving irrigation construction and meet the requirements of water-saving irrigation construction. Generally, the comprehensive evaluation index system consists of target layer, system layer and evaluation index layer. The selection of comprehensive evaluation indicators can be divided into quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative analysis is mainly based on the purpose and principle of evaluation, considering the sufficiency, feasibility, stability of evaluation indicators and the coordination of evaluation methods and other factors. The system analysts and decision makers determine the indicators and index structure subjectively. Quantitative research refers to a series of tests to make the index system more scientific and reasonable. Based on the principles of practicability, comparability, representativeness and easy quantification, and in view of the characteristics of water-saving irrigation, which are closely related to engineering, agronomy and management, this study determined three thematic indicators, namely, engineering, agronomy and management, and 34 single indicators, which belong to thematic indicators. The index constitutes the index system for comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation development level, and the index system is shown in Table 1.
∑i = 1 αi
to its corresponding sub criteria layer (i = 1, 2, …, n). 2.3.2. Index method Index method is a simple method for calculating weights, and it is more suitable for calculating the weight of qualitative indexes, according to the importance, each index is divided into Large, larger, general, small, less five grades, the relative importance index was used to quantitatively analyze the influence degree of each factor, and the relative importance index of each factor was calculated, and the index was sorted according to the index. the index of relative importance = F1W1 + F2W2 + F3W3 + F4W4 + F5W5 (1)
2.3. Determination of index weight The determination of the weight of the evaluation index is directly related to the accuracy of the final evaluation result. Weight is the recognition of the importance of the evaluation index in the system and the importance of the decision maker to the index. It is a relative concept and is usually expressed by a numerical value in [0,1]. At present, there are many methods for calculating the weight of each index in multi-index comprehensive evaluation, such as Delphi, index method, AHP, product factor rank assignment method, entropy method and so on. Because of the strong dependence of AHP on subjective judgment, selection and preference of human beings, and combined with the characteristics of the index system in this paper, the weights of qualitative and quantitative indicators are determined by product factor rank assignment method and index method respectively. The calculated weights are shown in Table 1.
Where, W1∼W5—quantitative index of corresponding grade, that is, the corresponding quantitative indicators of "large", "larger", "general", "small" and "less", W1 = 1.0, W2 = 0.8, W3 = 0.6, W4 = 0.4, W5 = 0.2; F1∼F5 —the sample size of the corresponding frequency class; N —the total number of samples. According to formula (1), quantitative analysis of the degree of impact survey data, and according to the size of the index (the magnitude of the impact) sort. Let the total weight of N influencing factors be 1, According to the relative importance index of each influencing factor, the weight value of each influencing factor can be calculated by 100
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
Table 1 Weights of regional water saving development level comprehensive evaluation index. Aim layer
System layer
Weight
Index layer
Weight
Evaluation of water saving irrigation development level
engineering water-saving
0.33
the proportion of saving irrigation area to effective irrigation area the proportion of sprinkling irrigation area to saving irrigation area utilization coefficient of Irrigate water average benefit of water saving irrigation per mu seeping proof rate of main channel seeping proof rate of field channel Irrigation water consumption per mu of farmland (m3) water resource per capita (m3) water resources development extent the proportion of dry seedling area to total paddy area the proportion of water saving irrigation area to total paddy area crop water production rate of paddy crop water production rate of wheat annual income of farmer per capita investment mechanism government support policies and regulations project management and protection water saving strategy formulation of irrigation system planning and design related engineering planning water use formulation of reasonable water price measurement charge public participation property right system reform engineering classification management technology extensive system universal water metering technology water-saving reward propaganda and education soil moisture monitoring automatic control technology
0.069
agronomic water saving
0.33
management water-saving (Sorted)
0.125 0.095 0.139 0.136 0.084 0.178 0.085 0.111 0.147 0.226 0.221 0.296 0.059 0.056 0.054 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.052 0.050 0.05 0.050 0.049 0.049 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.046 0.043 0.42
each index and corresponding comments are shown in Table 2.
formula (2).
The weight of an influential factor the relative importance coefficient of an influential factor = 20 ∑i = 1 relative importance coefficient of influencing factors
0.33
0.088
3. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water saving irrigation development level
(2)
3.1. Set up evaluation index set and comment set 2.4. Determining the grading standard of evaluation indexes The index of water saving irrigation development level in Sichuan is divided into criteria level and index level. The standard level includes three aspects: Engineering, agronomy and management. The commentary set is divided into “very good”, “good”, “general”,
Based on the relevant planning, norms, standards and the fractal form of experts, the five-level evaluation criteria for quantitative and qualitative indexes are established respectively. The grading criteria of
Table 2 Classification standard of regional water saving development level evaluation indexes. Evaluation indexs
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
The proportion of saving irrigation area to effective irrigation area/% The proportion of sprinkling irrigation area to saving irrigation area/% Seeping proof rate of main channel/% Annual income of farmer per capita/yuan Irrigation water per hectare/m3·hm-2 Crop water production rate of wheat The proportion of Water saving irrigation area to total paddy area/% comprehensive benefit per hectare Construction level of water saving technology extension system Government support level Water saving engineering design quality Soil moisture monitoring and popularization rate Popularization rate of metering water technology Incentive mechanism for water-saving irrigation Comment
> 55 > 20 > 75 > 8000 > 75 > 2.0 > 50 > 2250 > 0.86 > 7.85 > 7.94 > 0.50 > 0.12 > 5.41 very good
40–55 13–20 60–75 6000–8000 50–75 1.5–2.0 35–50 1650–2250 0.86–0.71 7.85–7.05 7.94–7.02 0.50–0.40 0.12–0.10 5.41–4.78 good
25–40 5–13 50–60 4000–6000 30–50 1.0–1.5 15–35 1050–1650 0.71–0.56 7.05–6.24 7.02–6.10 0.40–0.30 0.10–0.07 4.78–4.15 general
10–25 1–5 35–50 2000–4000 10–30 0.8–1.0 5–15 450–1050 0.56–0.40 6.24–5.44 6.10–5.18 0.30–0.20 0.07–0.04 4.15–3.52 poor
≤10 ≤1 ≤35 ≤2000 < 10 ≤0.8 ≤5 ≤450 < 0.40 < 5.44 < 5.18 < 0.20 < 0.04 < 3.52 very poor
101
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of water saving irrigation development level in various areas of Sichuan province. Region
Sichuan
Chendu
Mianyang
Zigong
Panzhihua
Deyang
Luzhou
Leshan
Guangyuan
Nanchon
Suinin
Evaluation result Region Evaluation result
very poor Guangan very poor
good Neijiang poor
poor Meishan very poor
very poor Dazhou poor
good Yibin very poor
general Ziyang poor
general Yaan poor
poor Bazhong very poor
general Aba very poor
poor Ganzi very poor
poor Liangshan very poor
“poor” and “very poor” according to the rating. The grading criteria of each index and corresponding comments are shown in Table 2.
agricultural water conservation, invests more in agricultural and forestry water infrastructure construction, and strengthens the construction and management of water conservancy and other infrastructure. These powerful measures make the development level of water-saving irrigation in the two areas. In the forefront of the province.
3.2. Establishing the weight set of evaluation indexes In order to reflect the importance of each factor, each factor is given a corresponding weight W, get a set of weights W = (wl, w2, …, wn).
5. Conclusion 1) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method takes into account the influence of various factors on the problems studied, synthesizes the opinions of multiple evaluation subjects, combines qualitative evaluation with quantitative calculation, effectively solves the fuzzy problems in the process of water-saving irrigation evaluation, and greatly strengthens the scientificity and effectiveness of the evaluation process. 2) The evaluation results show that the development level of watersaving irrigation in Sichuan Province is at a "very poor" level, indicating that the overall development level of water-saving irrigation in Sichuan Province is not high, and the water-saving potential is huge. 3) When evaluating the development level of water saving irrigation, the evaluation method should not be distinguished from the level of water saving irrigation in the area, Such as "Guangan"and"Yibin" rating levels are "very poor", but can not distinguish between the two cities, whose level of development is high.
3.3. Establishment of fuzzy judgment matrix R
⎡ R1 ⎤ ⎡ r11 r21 ⎢R ⎥ R = ⎢ 2⎥ = ⎢ ⋮ ⎢⋮ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ rn1 ⎣ Rn ⎦ ⎣
r12 r22 ⋮ rn2
⋯ r1m ⎤ ⋯ r2m ⎥ ⋱ ⋮ ⎥ ⋯ rnm ⎥ ⎦
(3)
Where, R—fuzzy judgement matrix; rij—membership degree of index set U relative to comment set V, rij∈[0, 1]. The index membership degree is divided into two parts: quantitative index and qualitative index. The qualitative index can be directly evaluated by experts and the membership degree is calculated, for the quantitative index, membership function should be used to calculate the membership degree of each index. In this paper, the membership function of semi trapezoidal distribution is constructed according to the characteristics of various factors affecting the development level of water-saving irrigation [13].
Appendix A. Supplementary data
3.4. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2018.10.002.
There are index weight set and fuzzy evaluation matrix., fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of evaluation objects B=W·R=(b1, b2, …, bn), M(*, +) model for composition operation, the M(*, +) model retains all the information of individual evaluation, and can take into account the role of various factors. The comprehensive evaluation of this research is carried out independently by the evaluators, and the individual evaluation information is not abundant, therefore, M(*, +) model is used to retain all the information of the individual evaluation. Finally, according to the principle of maximum membership degree, take bj=max(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5) corresponding comment set element vj as the final evaluation results.
References Chong, Fang, Cai, Xiaochao, Zhang, Chunle, 2010. A comprehensive evaluation of projection pursuit evaluation based on antcolony algorithm in water-saving improvement in irrigation districts. China Rural Water and Hydropower 3, 62–65. Cui, Ningbo, Zhang, Zhenping, Lou, Yuhong, Gong, Daozhi, Liu, Xiaozhi, 2016. Evaluation model of comprehensive agricultural water-saving development level based on TOPSIS in a regional area. J. Basic Sci. Eng. 24 (5), 978–994. Jiang, Xinhui, Xu, Qishi, 2012. Evaluation on water-saving potentiality of agricultural irrigation. J. North China Inst. Water Conserv. Hydroelectric Power 33 (3), 27–29. Lou, Yuhong, Kang, Shaozhong, Cui, Ningbo, 2014. Application of set pair analysis in the comprehensive water-saving irrigation development level evaluation. J. Sichuan Univ. (Eng. Sci. Ed.) 46 (2) 201-28. Peng, Zhigong, Liu, Yu, Xu, Di, Wang, Lei, 2009. Construction of evaluation index system for irrigation water management and its comprehensive evaluation. Eng. J. Wuhan Univ. 42 (5), 644–648. Su, Yanna, Chai, Chunling, Yang, Yamei, Shen, Peng, 2007. Variable fuzzy assessment on agricultural eco-environmental quality of Changshu City. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 23 (11), 245–248. Wang, Wenchuan, Ma, Jianqin, Qiu, Lin, 2009. Variable fuzzy assessment approach for evaluation of irrigation water quality. J. Irrig. Drainage 28 (3), 129–131. Wen, Bohai, 1992. Decision making of irrigation and drainage planning and design with analytic hierarchy process. sprinkler irrigation technique 4, 11–13. Wen, Xianming, He, Zhengchu, 2005. Extension multi-factor evaluation method of the countywide agriculture economy development. Syst. Eng. 23 (5), 115–119. Wu, Qianming, Yang, Luhua, Ning, Zhai, et al., 2009. The research progress on the assessment of development level of watersaving irrigation. J. Anhui Agri. Sci. 37 (6), 2795–2797. Zhang, Xin, Cai, Huanjie, 2009. Application of fuzzy matter-element model based on coefficients of entropy in comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation project investment. J. Water Saving Irrigation 1, 5–7. Zhu, Meiling, 2012. A study on agricultural field high efficient water use evaluation index system for arid oasis irrigation district. Water Saving Irrigation 11, 58–60+63.
4. Evaluation results and analysis of water saving irrigation development level in Sichuan The results of comprehensive evaluation of the development level of water-saving irrigation in different regions of Sichuan are shown in Table 3. From Table 3, we can see that the development level of watersaving irrigation in Sichuan Province is “very poor”, and there are obvious differences in the development level of water-saving irrigation in different regions. Generally speaking, the development level of water-saving irrigation in all regions of Sichuan Province is not very high. The comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation development level in Chengdu and Panzhihua are “good” level, this is mainly due to the high level of regional economic development, the close combination of agricultural planting structure and regional water resources situation, the government attaches great importance to 102
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eaef
Application of comprehensive water-saving irrigation development level model based on FCE in a regional area
T
Lujun Ding∗, Yuhong Liu Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Deyang, 618000, China
A R T I C LE I N FO
A B S T R A C T
Keywords: Development level of water-saving irrigation Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) Weight Index system
It is of great practical significance to evaluate the development level of water-saving irrigation objectively and rationally for promoting the utilization of water resources and the development of water-saving irrigation. On the premise of analyzing the influencing factors of water-saving irrigation comprehensively, this paper establishes the index of water-saving irrigation technology development level, determines the index weight, establishes the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model, and carries out the multi-level, multi-index and multi-factor comprehensive evaluation on the development level of water-saving irrigation in Sichuan Province and various cities and states. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation results of the regional water-saving irrigation development level in Sichuan Province are in a poor level. Under the circumstances of taking reasonable measures, Sichuan Province has a great potential to develop water-saving irrigation.
1. Introduction Water saving irrigation means maximum production benefit and economic benefit with less irrigation water volume. Water-saving irrigation technology system generally includes water resources development and utilization technology, water-saving irrigation engineering technology, water-saving and efficient agronomic technology and water-saving management technology (Lou et al., 2014). Water-saving irrigation is the main way to alleviate the current shortage of water resources in China and a long-term strategic measure to achieve sustainable development. The objective evaluation of the development level of regional water-saving irrigation can provide scientific basis for the scientific and rational formulation of regional water-saving agricultural development plan, regional water-saving policies and watersaving measures, effectively alleviate the water shortage in the region, promote the efficient utilization of water resources and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production. Comprehensive evaluation of regional water-saving irrigation development level is a multi-level, multi-index and multi-factor evaluation process. Comprehensive evaluation of regional water-saving irrigation development level is to construct multiple indexes reflecting different properties and different levels of research objects into different levels. Quantitative indexes are used to reflect the overall development level of evaluation objects. Comprehensive evaluation of development level is conducive to grasping the development level of
∗
research objects in similar things and is conducive to the macro-level. At the level of view, we should grasp the level and trend of the development of things. In recent years, the comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation development has developed from qualitative evaluation to quantitative evaluation. The evaluation system has developed from simple evaluation system to comprehensive evaluation system. The evaluation content has developed from single project benefit evaluation to multi-measures comprehensive evaluation (Wu et al., 2009). Wen Bohai (Wen, 1992) set up a comprehensive evaluation index system from the aspects of technical and economic index, water source type, construction management and investment level, and studied the sprinkler micro-irrigation project planning. Peng Zhigong (Peng et al., 2009) set up an irrigation management index system from six aspects: irrigation efficiency, regional water consumption, development and utilization degree of water resources, water quality, water productivity of main crops, and regional water consumption, and evaluated the level of irrigation management by using principal component analysis method. The irrigation management system under different water management modes was obtained. Rational evaluation and classification. Jiang Xinhui (Jiang and Xu, 2012) has set up indexes of utilization ratio, irrigation rate and saving irrigation rate to evaluate six areas in northern Henan. It is concluded that there is a certain watersaving potential in northern Henan, which is in the transitional stage of water-saving irrigation development. Based on the concept of efficient utilization of water resources, Zhu Meiling constructed a field-scale
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (L. Ding).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2018.10.002 Received 21 October 2017; Received in revised form 14 August 2018; Accepted 21 October 2018 Available online 23 October 2018 1881-8366/ © 2018 Asian Agricultural and Biological Engineering Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
2. Evaluation index system of water-saving irrigation development level
evaluation index system for agricultural water use efficiency, which provided a measurement tool for the evaluation of the application effect of field water-saving technology (Zhu, 2012). Zhang Xin (Zhang and Cai, 2009) combines entropy theory with fuzzy matter-element modeling to construct a fuzzy matter-element comprehensive evaluation model for agricultural water-saving projects based on entropy weight. However, this method is prone to information omission in the process of index selection and simplification. Cui Ningbo (Cui et al., 2016) established a comprehensive evaluation index system of regional agricultural water-saving development level composed of three secondary indexes and 33 tertiary indexes. Principal component analysis was used to simplify it into an evaluation index system composed of 14 indexes. To a certain extent, the influence of the correlation of the evaluation indexes on the evaluation results was eliminated. The index system can better evaluate the development level of regional agricultural watersaving irrigation. According to matter-element model, correlation function theory and extension mathematic method, Wen Xianming established a comprehensive evaluation model of county agricultural economic development. Through the model, the multi-index evaluation is summed up as a single-objective decision-making, and Ningyuan County of Hunan Province is selected as an evaluation example to measure the state of county agricultural economic development, which has a strong practical value (Wen and He, 2005). Lou Yuhong constructed a comprehensive evaluation index system of water-saving irrigation development level from three 2-level indexes of water-saving, agronomic water-saving and management water-saving, and 33 3-level indexes of irrigation water utilization coefficient. By using principal component analysis method, the above index system was simplified into 14 principal component factors, and the set pair analysis method was adopted to carry out in Sichuan Province. The evaluation of the development level of regional water-saving irrigation has achieved scientific and reasonable evaluation results. In the 1990s, Chen Shoudeng established the engineering fuzzy set theory matrix on the basis of relative membership degree and relative membership degree function, and then created the variable fuzzy set theory based on engineering fuzzy set theory. Su Yanna and others constructed the evaluation index system from three aspects of human impact degree, natural ecological background and farmland environmental condition. The variable fuzzy evaluation model was used to evaluate the agricultural ecological environment of Changshu city. The evaluation results were consistent with those of Liu Xinwei and others using the grey clustering evaluation method based on triangular whitening weight function. It shows the applicability of the model (Su et al., 2007). Wang Wenchuan used variable fuzzy evaluation model to evaluate the water quality of irrigation water samples in Qianxiang, Pingluo County, Ningxia. The evaluation results were consistent with those of grey clustering method and multivariate numerical analysis method, which proved that the method had high reliability and was an effective method for complex multifactor evaluation (Wang et al., 2009). Fang Chong used the ant colony projection pursuit regression model to comprehensively evaluate the benefit of water-saving transformation of large irrigation districts in Inner Mongolia (ChongCai and Zhang, 2010). Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is a common method which integrates qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. It has been widely used in engineering technology, economic management and social life. Taking Sichuan Province as an example, this paper uses fuzzy set theory to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of regional water-saving irrigation development level, and through changing model and parameters, the evaluation grade of sample water-saving irrigation development level is reasonably determined, which provides scientific guidance for regional water-saving irrigation development level evaluation.
2.1. Connotation and influencing factors of water saving irrigation Water-saving irrigation is a general term for various measures taken to make full use of natural precipitation and irrigation water to obtain the best economic, social and ecological benefits of agriculture according to the law of crop water demand and local water supply conditions. Its core is to reduce the ineffective loss of water resources in the process of irrigation water use, minimize the loss of water evaporation and leakage in reservoirs and canals, reduce the ineffective soil evaporation and deep leakage in farmland, reduce the transpiration water consumption of crops, and achieve the purpose of maximizing the effective utilization of water resources. The connotation of water-saving irrigation includes rational development and utilization of water resources, water-saving of water distribution system, water-saving of field irrigation process, water management and technical measures of agronomic water-saving and yield-increasing. The development level of water-saving irrigation is to evaluate the water-saving level of a region scientifically and rationally through the analysis of various factors affecting the development of water-saving irrigation, at present, there are many indexes describing the development level of water-saving irrigation, but they can not reflect the development level of regional watersaving irrigation comprehensively and reasonably. At present, most of the evaluation of water-saving irrigation level is mainly based on the size of agricultural comprehensive gross irrigation quota. Although this evaluation method is simple and feasible, there are obvious shortcomings. The main reason is that the output of crops is not reflected. There are many factors affecting water-saving irrigation, such as the type and scale of irrigation area, the natural conditions such as precipitation and evaporation, the management level of irrigation area, crop types, economic development level and so on.
2.1.1. Development index of water-saving irrigation projects To develop water-saving irrigation, engineering construction is very important. Agronomy, management and policy measures of watersaving irrigation are realized through a series of Engineering measures. Engineering construction is the material basis of water-saving irrigation development, and engineering measures are the main content of watersaving irrigation construction. Indicators reflecting the development level of water-saving irrigation projects in a region are as follows: the proportion of water-saving irrigation area to total irrigation area, the proportion of sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation area to watersaving irrigation area, the utilization coefficient of irrigation water, the comprehensive benefit of water-saving irrigation per mu, the seepage control rate of main and branch canals, the seepage control rate of field canals, The average water use per hm2, per capita water resources (m3), and water resources development degree of farmland irrigation are all.
2.1.2. Development index of water-saving irrigation measures Agronomic water saving technology is the main measure to improve the water use efficiency of farmland. It can reduce the water consumption in the growing period of crops and increase the yield of crops by choosing suitable crop species, varieties and planting methods, as well as adopting reasonable irrigation, fertilization, tillage, mulching, chemical control and regulation measures, and ultimately achieve the goal of water saving, high yield and high efficiency. Indicators reflecting the development level of water-saving irrigation agronomic measures are: rice water productivity, wheat water productivity, rice “dry seedling” area and planting area ratio, rice “shallow wet sun” irrigation area and planting area ratio, dry farming agricultural technology extension area, and per capita income level of agricultural population. 99
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
2.3.1. Accumulation factor in analytic hierarchy process Because the product factor assignment method has certain subjectivity, this paper uses the product factor hierarchical analysis improved method - product factor bit assignment method to calculate the index weight. Product factor bit assignment method to construct a hierarchical structure model and preprocess the index layer data, according to practical problems, the index layer factors are recorded as c1, c2,c3, …, cn, the data of each index are processed with the same trend, that is to say, the elements of each index are in the same direction when reflecting the quality of the index. The processed data are recorded as x1, x2, x3, …, xn, then x1, x2, x3, …, xn are the basic datas for decision analysis. Secondly, starting from the index layer, it is necessary to determine the attribute values of the factors in each layer, that is, to reflect the degree of importance of each scheme to the factors. The ranking value after xi is used to reflect the degree of importance, that is, the corresponding attribute value. In order to prevent excessive fluctuation, the factors are determined to be 1–9 with 9 grades, i.e. the maximum value corresponds to 9 grades, the minimum value corresponds to 1 grades, and the others are filled in 1–9 according to the data size, the result is recorded as xi ', which is the attribute value of the i index. The attribute values of each scheme in the sub criteria layer are calculated, and the contribution coefficient is also given. The attribute values of each scheme can be obtained by taking the arithmetic average of the attribute values of each index layer corresponding to the scheme, then dividing the interval of the minimum and maximum of the arithmetic average into nine parts according to the length, the minimum corresponding to the first level, the maximum corresponding to the ninth level, and Other data are filled in 1–9, the result is recorded as uj', which is the attribute value of the j index. The contribution coefficient of each index layer is calculated by using the product factor method. Taking the logarithm of both sides of n u′j = ∏i = 1 x ijαi (j = 1,2, ⋯, m) at the same time and transforming it into linear regression, the regression coefficient αi is calculated by the least square method, then αi reflects the contribution of xij to the sub-criterion layer of i, so it is called the contribution coefficient of index xij to I sub criterion level (i = 1, 2, …, n), then nαi is the index weight of xij
2.1.3. Water saving irrigation management measures development level index The task of irrigation management is to maintain the normal and safe operation of the project and equipment. Through the management of irrigation facilities and the rational allocation and utilization of water resources in irrigation areas, the scientific management work aimed at promoting stable and high yield of agriculture is carried out. Irrigation management includes four parts: organization management, engineering facilities management, water management and management. Indicators affecting the development level of water-saving irrigation management measures include: policies and regulations, watersaving strategies, investment mechanism, property rights system reform, technology extension system, government support, publicity and education, public participation, water-saving incentives, planning and design, supporting projects, project management and maintenance, graded management of projects, and irrigation system. There are 20 indexes for determining, monitoring soil moisture, popularizing water measuring technology, automatic control technology, planned water use, metering and charging, and setting reasonable water price.
2.2. Selection of evaluation indicators The selection of water-saving irrigation development indicators and the determination of the structural relationship between the indicators are the basis for the comprehensive evaluation of regional water-saving irrigation development level. The evaluation index system should fully reflect the content of water-saving irrigation construction and meet the requirements of water-saving irrigation construction. Generally, the comprehensive evaluation index system consists of target layer, system layer and evaluation index layer. The selection of comprehensive evaluation indicators can be divided into quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative analysis is mainly based on the purpose and principle of evaluation, considering the sufficiency, feasibility, stability of evaluation indicators and the coordination of evaluation methods and other factors. The system analysts and decision makers determine the indicators and index structure subjectively. Quantitative research refers to a series of tests to make the index system more scientific and reasonable. Based on the principles of practicability, comparability, representativeness and easy quantification, and in view of the characteristics of water-saving irrigation, which are closely related to engineering, agronomy and management, this study determined three thematic indicators, namely, engineering, agronomy and management, and 34 single indicators, which belong to thematic indicators. The index constitutes the index system for comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation development level, and the index system is shown in Table 1.
∑i = 1 αi
to its corresponding sub criteria layer (i = 1, 2, …, n). 2.3.2. Index method Index method is a simple method for calculating weights, and it is more suitable for calculating the weight of qualitative indexes, according to the importance, each index is divided into Large, larger, general, small, less five grades, the relative importance index was used to quantitatively analyze the influence degree of each factor, and the relative importance index of each factor was calculated, and the index was sorted according to the index. the index of relative importance = F1W1 + F2W2 + F3W3 + F4W4 + F5W5 (1)
2.3. Determination of index weight The determination of the weight of the evaluation index is directly related to the accuracy of the final evaluation result. Weight is the recognition of the importance of the evaluation index in the system and the importance of the decision maker to the index. It is a relative concept and is usually expressed by a numerical value in [0,1]. At present, there are many methods for calculating the weight of each index in multi-index comprehensive evaluation, such as Delphi, index method, AHP, product factor rank assignment method, entropy method and so on. Because of the strong dependence of AHP on subjective judgment, selection and preference of human beings, and combined with the characteristics of the index system in this paper, the weights of qualitative and quantitative indicators are determined by product factor rank assignment method and index method respectively. The calculated weights are shown in Table 1.
Where, W1∼W5—quantitative index of corresponding grade, that is, the corresponding quantitative indicators of "large", "larger", "general", "small" and "less", W1 = 1.0, W2 = 0.8, W3 = 0.6, W4 = 0.4, W5 = 0.2; F1∼F5 —the sample size of the corresponding frequency class; N —the total number of samples. According to formula (1), quantitative analysis of the degree of impact survey data, and according to the size of the index (the magnitude of the impact) sort. Let the total weight of N influencing factors be 1, According to the relative importance index of each influencing factor, the weight value of each influencing factor can be calculated by 100
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
Table 1 Weights of regional water saving development level comprehensive evaluation index. Aim layer
System layer
Weight
Index layer
Weight
Evaluation of water saving irrigation development level
engineering water-saving
0.33
the proportion of saving irrigation area to effective irrigation area the proportion of sprinkling irrigation area to saving irrigation area utilization coefficient of Irrigate water average benefit of water saving irrigation per mu seeping proof rate of main channel seeping proof rate of field channel Irrigation water consumption per mu of farmland (m3) water resource per capita (m3) water resources development extent the proportion of dry seedling area to total paddy area the proportion of water saving irrigation area to total paddy area crop water production rate of paddy crop water production rate of wheat annual income of farmer per capita investment mechanism government support policies and regulations project management and protection water saving strategy formulation of irrigation system planning and design related engineering planning water use formulation of reasonable water price measurement charge public participation property right system reform engineering classification management technology extensive system universal water metering technology water-saving reward propaganda and education soil moisture monitoring automatic control technology
0.069
agronomic water saving
0.33
management water-saving (Sorted)
0.125 0.095 0.139 0.136 0.084 0.178 0.085 0.111 0.147 0.226 0.221 0.296 0.059 0.056 0.054 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.053 0.052 0.050 0.05 0.050 0.049 0.049 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.047 0.046 0.043 0.42
each index and corresponding comments are shown in Table 2.
formula (2).
The weight of an influential factor the relative importance coefficient of an influential factor = 20 ∑i = 1 relative importance coefficient of influencing factors
0.33
0.088
3. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water saving irrigation development level
(2)
3.1. Set up evaluation index set and comment set 2.4. Determining the grading standard of evaluation indexes The index of water saving irrigation development level in Sichuan is divided into criteria level and index level. The standard level includes three aspects: Engineering, agronomy and management. The commentary set is divided into “very good”, “good”, “general”,
Based on the relevant planning, norms, standards and the fractal form of experts, the five-level evaluation criteria for quantitative and qualitative indexes are established respectively. The grading criteria of
Table 2 Classification standard of regional water saving development level evaluation indexes. Evaluation indexs
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
The proportion of saving irrigation area to effective irrigation area/% The proportion of sprinkling irrigation area to saving irrigation area/% Seeping proof rate of main channel/% Annual income of farmer per capita/yuan Irrigation water per hectare/m3·hm-2 Crop water production rate of wheat The proportion of Water saving irrigation area to total paddy area/% comprehensive benefit per hectare Construction level of water saving technology extension system Government support level Water saving engineering design quality Soil moisture monitoring and popularization rate Popularization rate of metering water technology Incentive mechanism for water-saving irrigation Comment
> 55 > 20 > 75 > 8000 > 75 > 2.0 > 50 > 2250 > 0.86 > 7.85 > 7.94 > 0.50 > 0.12 > 5.41 very good
40–55 13–20 60–75 6000–8000 50–75 1.5–2.0 35–50 1650–2250 0.86–0.71 7.85–7.05 7.94–7.02 0.50–0.40 0.12–0.10 5.41–4.78 good
25–40 5–13 50–60 4000–6000 30–50 1.0–1.5 15–35 1050–1650 0.71–0.56 7.05–6.24 7.02–6.10 0.40–0.30 0.10–0.07 4.78–4.15 general
10–25 1–5 35–50 2000–4000 10–30 0.8–1.0 5–15 450–1050 0.56–0.40 6.24–5.44 6.10–5.18 0.30–0.20 0.07–0.04 4.15–3.52 poor
≤10 ≤1 ≤35 ≤2000 < 10 ≤0.8 ≤5 ≤450 < 0.40 < 5.44 < 5.18 < 0.20 < 0.04 < 3.52 very poor
101
Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food 12 (2019) 98–102
L. Ding, Y. Liu
Table 3 Comprehensive evaluation of water saving irrigation development level in various areas of Sichuan province. Region
Sichuan
Chendu
Mianyang
Zigong
Panzhihua
Deyang
Luzhou
Leshan
Guangyuan
Nanchon
Suinin
Evaluation result Region Evaluation result
very poor Guangan very poor
good Neijiang poor
poor Meishan very poor
very poor Dazhou poor
good Yibin very poor
general Ziyang poor
general Yaan poor
poor Bazhong very poor
general Aba very poor
poor Ganzi very poor
poor Liangshan very poor
“poor” and “very poor” according to the rating. The grading criteria of each index and corresponding comments are shown in Table 2.
agricultural water conservation, invests more in agricultural and forestry water infrastructure construction, and strengthens the construction and management of water conservancy and other infrastructure. These powerful measures make the development level of water-saving irrigation in the two areas. In the forefront of the province.
3.2. Establishing the weight set of evaluation indexes In order to reflect the importance of each factor, each factor is given a corresponding weight W, get a set of weights W = (wl, w2, …, wn).
5. Conclusion 1) Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method takes into account the influence of various factors on the problems studied, synthesizes the opinions of multiple evaluation subjects, combines qualitative evaluation with quantitative calculation, effectively solves the fuzzy problems in the process of water-saving irrigation evaluation, and greatly strengthens the scientificity and effectiveness of the evaluation process. 2) The evaluation results show that the development level of watersaving irrigation in Sichuan Province is at a "very poor" level, indicating that the overall development level of water-saving irrigation in Sichuan Province is not high, and the water-saving potential is huge. 3) When evaluating the development level of water saving irrigation, the evaluation method should not be distinguished from the level of water saving irrigation in the area, Such as "Guangan"and"Yibin" rating levels are "very poor", but can not distinguish between the two cities, whose level of development is high.
3.3. Establishment of fuzzy judgment matrix R
⎡ R1 ⎤ ⎡ r11 r21 ⎢R ⎥ R = ⎢ 2⎥ = ⎢ ⋮ ⎢⋮ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ rn1 ⎣ Rn ⎦ ⎣
r12 r22 ⋮ rn2
⋯ r1m ⎤ ⋯ r2m ⎥ ⋱ ⋮ ⎥ ⋯ rnm ⎥ ⎦
(3)
Where, R—fuzzy judgement matrix; rij—membership degree of index set U relative to comment set V, rij∈[0, 1]. The index membership degree is divided into two parts: quantitative index and qualitative index. The qualitative index can be directly evaluated by experts and the membership degree is calculated, for the quantitative index, membership function should be used to calculate the membership degree of each index. In this paper, the membership function of semi trapezoidal distribution is constructed according to the characteristics of various factors affecting the development level of water-saving irrigation [13].
Appendix A. Supplementary data
3.4. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.eaef.2018.10.002.
There are index weight set and fuzzy evaluation matrix., fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of evaluation objects B=W·R=(b1, b2, …, bn), M(*, +) model for composition operation, the M(*, +) model retains all the information of individual evaluation, and can take into account the role of various factors. The comprehensive evaluation of this research is carried out independently by the evaluators, and the individual evaluation information is not abundant, therefore, M(*, +) model is used to retain all the information of the individual evaluation. Finally, according to the principle of maximum membership degree, take bj=max(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5) corresponding comment set element vj as the final evaluation results.
References Chong, Fang, Cai, Xiaochao, Zhang, Chunle, 2010. A comprehensive evaluation of projection pursuit evaluation based on antcolony algorithm in water-saving improvement in irrigation districts. China Rural Water and Hydropower 3, 62–65. Cui, Ningbo, Zhang, Zhenping, Lou, Yuhong, Gong, Daozhi, Liu, Xiaozhi, 2016. Evaluation model of comprehensive agricultural water-saving development level based on TOPSIS in a regional area. J. Basic Sci. Eng. 24 (5), 978–994. Jiang, Xinhui, Xu, Qishi, 2012. Evaluation on water-saving potentiality of agricultural irrigation. J. North China Inst. Water Conserv. Hydroelectric Power 33 (3), 27–29. Lou, Yuhong, Kang, Shaozhong, Cui, Ningbo, 2014. Application of set pair analysis in the comprehensive water-saving irrigation development level evaluation. J. Sichuan Univ. (Eng. Sci. Ed.) 46 (2) 201-28. Peng, Zhigong, Liu, Yu, Xu, Di, Wang, Lei, 2009. Construction of evaluation index system for irrigation water management and its comprehensive evaluation. Eng. J. Wuhan Univ. 42 (5), 644–648. Su, Yanna, Chai, Chunling, Yang, Yamei, Shen, Peng, 2007. Variable fuzzy assessment on agricultural eco-environmental quality of Changshu City. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. 23 (11), 245–248. Wang, Wenchuan, Ma, Jianqin, Qiu, Lin, 2009. Variable fuzzy assessment approach for evaluation of irrigation water quality. J. Irrig. Drainage 28 (3), 129–131. Wen, Bohai, 1992. Decision making of irrigation and drainage planning and design with analytic hierarchy process. sprinkler irrigation technique 4, 11–13. Wen, Xianming, He, Zhengchu, 2005. Extension multi-factor evaluation method of the countywide agriculture economy development. Syst. Eng. 23 (5), 115–119. Wu, Qianming, Yang, Luhua, Ning, Zhai, et al., 2009. The research progress on the assessment of development level of watersaving irrigation. J. Anhui Agri. Sci. 37 (6), 2795–2797. Zhang, Xin, Cai, Huanjie, 2009. Application of fuzzy matter-element model based on coefficients of entropy in comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation project investment. J. Water Saving Irrigation 1, 5–7. Zhu, Meiling, 2012. A study on agricultural field high efficient water use evaluation index system for arid oasis irrigation district. Water Saving Irrigation 11, 58–60+63.
4. Evaluation results and analysis of water saving irrigation development level in Sichuan The results of comprehensive evaluation of the development level of water-saving irrigation in different regions of Sichuan are shown in Table 3. From Table 3, we can see that the development level of watersaving irrigation in Sichuan Province is “very poor”, and there are obvious differences in the development level of water-saving irrigation in different regions. Generally speaking, the development level of water-saving irrigation in all regions of Sichuan Province is not very high. The comprehensive evaluation of water-saving irrigation development level in Chengdu and Panzhihua are “good” level, this is mainly due to the high level of regional economic development, the close combination of agricultural planting structure and regional water resources situation, the government attaches great importance to 102