- Email: [email protected]
ash contamination. Sewage treatment plants need to assess radioactivity
15
Environment (pollution, health protection, safetyl
95to3091 Ranking mine fires Kissell, F. N. er al.,
factora
impacting
survival
during
coal
Trans. Sot. Min. Metall, Explor., 1994, 294,
1077-1083. This study ranks the factors impacting survival during a coal mine fire. It has already been established that reducing time delays is the most important factor in saving lives. Consequently, every event during a fire is measured in terms of its duration, and the effectiveness of any action taken to improve survival is measured in terms of the time it saves. The authors found that by ranking actions according to time saved, a combination of actions was most effective. This combination was to install lifelines, moderately decreasing air leakage, and decreasing the fire growth rate. Changing ventilation leakage alone was much less effective, as was altering the carbon monoxide, sensor alarm threshold. 95/03092 Removal of H S from fuel gases at hlgh temperatures using MnO/gamma-A7 0 Atakul, H. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1593, 74, (2), 187-191. High temperature desulphurization of gases from coal gasification processes has important aspects for many industrial applications and electrical power generation plants. MnO, su ported by gamma-Al,O, (MnO/gamma-Al,O,), was used as a regenerab Pe sorbent for high temperature removal of H,S from gases. The sorbent was prepared by wet impregnation and tested by successive sulphidation regeneration cycles. Sulphidation was carried out at 600°C with an Nfi#I,S mixture containing 1.41-4.48% H,S. Removal of volatlle metals from synthesis gas 95103093 Baker, D. C. and Gognat, J. W. (Assigned to) Shell Oil Co., PCT. Int.
95lO3101 Slnks and rnvlronmental Impacts for atmospheric carbon monoxide Badr, 0. and Probert, S. D. Applied Energy, 1995, 50, (4), 339-372. Carbon monoxide is one of the main reactive trace. gases in the earth’s atmosphere: it influences the atmospheric chemistry as well as the climate. In order to evaluate the atmospheric budget for carbon monoxide, a knowledge of its destruction/uptake rates by the individual sinks is required. In this study, the authors’ current understanding of sinks for atmospheric carbon monoxide is discussed. Although the major sinks have been rdentified, estimates for their strengths are still uncertain. Experimental data are avatlable for only a few locations? and more measurements in representative regions world-wide are reqmred in order to evaluate the CO global budget more accurately. The author’s current understanding of the environmental impacts of carbon monoxide is reviewed.
Sludge/ash contamlnstlon. Sewage treatment 95103102 plants need to assess rsdloactlvlty Zeyher, A. Nuclear News, Mar. 1995, 38, (3), 55-56. The author reports on the extent of radioactive contamination at sewage treatment plants. The contamination at plants remains unknown, and most sewage treaters are still unaware of the problem, according to a report from the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO).
95103103
Solld low-level waste management
guldellnes
TR.104583, Final Report RP2414-66, $lO,OOO.OO,EPRI Distribution Center, 207 Coggins Dr., PO Box 23205, Pleasant Hill, CA.94523.
WO.94,22,563, Oct. 1994. 95103104
Research and respects on clean utlllratlon of coal 95103094 Cen, K. et al., Meitan Zhuan Rua, 1994, 17, (3), 16-22. (In Chinese) The paper discusses clean coal technology. Role of facllltated transport In the emlsslons 95/03095 secondary raw materials Steketee, J. J. et al., Stud Environ. Sci., 1994, 60, 507-517.
of
The role of multlple regresslon of exploratory data 95103096 analysis In the development of leukemia lncldence risk models for comparison of radlonucllde air stack emissions from nuclear and coal power lndustrles Prybutok, V. R. Environ. PoZlut., 1995, 87, (l), 77-83. Radionuclide air stack emissions for a single coal plant and a single nuclear plant were used to compute single plant leukaemia incidence rtsk and total industry leukaemia incidence risk. Safety assessment of the thermal Influence upon 95103097 the host rock of the planned Konrad repository Berg, H. P. et aZ., Kerntechnik, Feb. 1995, 60, (1). 56-61. The safety assessment of the thermal influence upon the host rock is part of the comprehensive safety assessment for a repository. The effects of the decay heat generated by the emplaced radioactive waste must be thoroughly analysed. Based on the plannings for the Konrad repository, a facility-for the his osal of radioactive waste with negligible heat generation, calculations o P the thermal influence upon the host rock have been carried out, and resulting requirements on the emplacement of waste packages have been derived. The procedure and the results are described in this paper. Safety of Soviet-deslgned nuclear power plants 95103096 Rippon, S. Nuclear News, Jan. 1995, 38, (l), 25-27. A report on the Second Workshop on the Safety of Soviet-Designed Nuclear Power Plants held in Washington, D.C., 11-13 November, prior to the ANS 1994 Winter Meeting. Safety survives prlvatlsatlon 95/03099 Cunningham, P. Mine & Quarry, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 24, (l), 30-31. Much has been written about the likely effects on health and safety of the privatisation of the British Coal Corporation’s deep coal mining operations in the UK. The author from the HSE discusses the implications for health and safety in opencast coal mines. Simultaneous reduction of SO, and NO, In an 95/03100 entralned-flow reactor Wang, W. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1995, 74, (2), 267-272. Simultaneous SO, and NO, reduction in flue gas by the dry furnace sorbent injection process was simulated with an entrained-flow reactor. Several ammonium salts as well as urea were tested. Urea was found to give the highest NO, removal efficiency. By using urea-limestone sorbent, >90% SC+ removal and >SO% NO, removal were obtained at Ca/S and N/NO, rattos both equal to 2. The DeNO, process is more temperature-sensitive than the DeSO process, and 900°C can be chosen as the overall optimum temperature. T!i e N,O formed was ~10 ppmv at 2 s residence time. A reductive path from NO, or NO to N, is proposed to explain the experimental results.
220
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
Sorbent capture of nickel, lead, and cadmium In a laboratory swirl flame lnclnerator Linak, W. P. et al., Combustion & Flame, Jan. 1995, 100, (I), 241-250. The urpose of this research was to investigate sorbent injection processes in w g*tch the high temperatures of practical incinerators might be exploited to transform potentially toxic metals into constituents that are both more easily collected and more environmentally benign than metal effluents in the absence of combustion modifications.
95103105
Sources
and effects of lonlzlng radlatlon
United Nations Publications, Sales Section, 2 United Nations Plaro, Room DC2-853, New York, Ny.10017, USA, $45.00, 272 pp. This 1994 report produces the results from an UNSCEAR sources and effects of ionizing radiation.
review of the
95103106
Stablllzlng of dust formlng surface of spent materlal wlth gossypol resin emulsion Valiev, N. G. IN. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Corn. Zh., 1994, (l), 38-40. (In Russian) Describes how emulsion was applied to open-pit coal mining wastes at a rate of 3 Urn’ to produce a 12 mm layer of solidified material thus preventing dusting. The solidified surface was suitable for recultivation.
Studies on NO, reduction of plate mill furnaces In 95103107 Chlna Steel Corporatlon Teng, H. and Huang, T. S. Jishu Yu Xunlian, 1994, 19, (l), 42-52. (In Chinese) Describes how two furnaces, burning coke-oven gas, were used to heat up slabs in the plate mill of China Steel Corporation. Previous tests showed that NO, emitted from the No. 1 furnace exceeded the 1993 standard, which is 150 ppm at 6% oxygen content. However, NO, emissions for the No. 2 furnace, which was equipped with a flue gas recirculation system was controlled well below the standard value.
Sulfur capture capacity of limestones In combus95/03109 tlon gases: Effect of thermally Induced cracking Liu, Y. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (l), 228-232. The authors examined the dependency of the sulphur capture capacity of two high CaCO, content limestones on particle size. The extent of sorbent utilization is dependent on the extent of sulphur penetration into the particles or sulphur penetration into the individual grains which comprise of single particle. The occurrence of cracking within particles had a strong impact on the sulphur capture behaviour, since it produced significant accessible surface area. The petrographic properties of sorbents play an important role in determining calcination and sulphation behaviour. The cracking pattern is related to gram size, grain-gram interlocking and particle size.
Sulphates, climate and coal 95103109 Adams, D. M. and Smith, I. M. IEA Coal Research, Publications Dept.,
Gemini House, IO-18 Putney Hill, London SW15 6AA, IEAPERI16, f255.00, Jan. 1995, 30 pp.
Environment (pollution, health protection, safetyl
95to3091 Ranking mine fires Kissell, F. N. er al.,
factora
impacting
survival
during
coal
Trans. Sot. Min. Metall, Explor., 1994, 294,
1077-1083. This study ranks the factors impacting survival during a coal mine fire. It has already been established that reducing time delays is the most important factor in saving lives. Consequently, every event during a fire is measured in terms of its duration, and the effectiveness of any action taken to improve survival is measured in terms of the time it saves. The authors found that by ranking actions according to time saved, a combination of actions was most effective. This combination was to install lifelines, moderately decreasing air leakage, and decreasing the fire growth rate. Changing ventilation leakage alone was much less effective, as was altering the carbon monoxide, sensor alarm threshold. 95/03092 Removal of H S from fuel gases at hlgh temperatures using MnO/gamma-A7 0 Atakul, H. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1593, 74, (2), 187-191. High temperature desulphurization of gases from coal gasification processes has important aspects for many industrial applications and electrical power generation plants. MnO, su ported by gamma-Al,O, (MnO/gamma-Al,O,), was used as a regenerab Pe sorbent for high temperature removal of H,S from gases. The sorbent was prepared by wet impregnation and tested by successive sulphidation regeneration cycles. Sulphidation was carried out at 600°C with an Nfi#I,S mixture containing 1.41-4.48% H,S. Removal of volatlle metals from synthesis gas 95103093 Baker, D. C. and Gognat, J. W. (Assigned to) Shell Oil Co., PCT. Int.
95lO3101 Slnks and rnvlronmental Impacts for atmospheric carbon monoxide Badr, 0. and Probert, S. D. Applied Energy, 1995, 50, (4), 339-372. Carbon monoxide is one of the main reactive trace. gases in the earth’s atmosphere: it influences the atmospheric chemistry as well as the climate. In order to evaluate the atmospheric budget for carbon monoxide, a knowledge of its destruction/uptake rates by the individual sinks is required. In this study, the authors’ current understanding of sinks for atmospheric carbon monoxide is discussed. Although the major sinks have been rdentified, estimates for their strengths are still uncertain. Experimental data are avatlable for only a few locations? and more measurements in representative regions world-wide are reqmred in order to evaluate the CO global budget more accurately. The author’s current understanding of the environmental impacts of carbon monoxide is reviewed.
Sludge/ash contamlnstlon. Sewage treatment 95103102 plants need to assess rsdloactlvlty Zeyher, A. Nuclear News, Mar. 1995, 38, (3), 55-56. The author reports on the extent of radioactive contamination at sewage treatment plants. The contamination at plants remains unknown, and most sewage treaters are still unaware of the problem, according to a report from the U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO).
95103103
Solld low-level waste management
guldellnes
TR.104583, Final Report RP2414-66, $lO,OOO.OO,EPRI Distribution Center, 207 Coggins Dr., PO Box 23205, Pleasant Hill, CA.94523.
WO.94,22,563, Oct. 1994. 95103104
Research and respects on clean utlllratlon of coal 95103094 Cen, K. et al., Meitan Zhuan Rua, 1994, 17, (3), 16-22. (In Chinese) The paper discusses clean coal technology. Role of facllltated transport In the emlsslons 95/03095 secondary raw materials Steketee, J. J. et al., Stud Environ. Sci., 1994, 60, 507-517.
of
The role of multlple regresslon of exploratory data 95103096 analysis In the development of leukemia lncldence risk models for comparison of radlonucllde air stack emissions from nuclear and coal power lndustrles Prybutok, V. R. Environ. PoZlut., 1995, 87, (l), 77-83. Radionuclide air stack emissions for a single coal plant and a single nuclear plant were used to compute single plant leukaemia incidence rtsk and total industry leukaemia incidence risk. Safety assessment of the thermal Influence upon 95103097 the host rock of the planned Konrad repository Berg, H. P. et aZ., Kerntechnik, Feb. 1995, 60, (1). 56-61. The safety assessment of the thermal influence upon the host rock is part of the comprehensive safety assessment for a repository. The effects of the decay heat generated by the emplaced radioactive waste must be thoroughly analysed. Based on the plannings for the Konrad repository, a facility-for the his osal of radioactive waste with negligible heat generation, calculations o P the thermal influence upon the host rock have been carried out, and resulting requirements on the emplacement of waste packages have been derived. The procedure and the results are described in this paper. Safety of Soviet-deslgned nuclear power plants 95103096 Rippon, S. Nuclear News, Jan. 1995, 38, (l), 25-27. A report on the Second Workshop on the Safety of Soviet-Designed Nuclear Power Plants held in Washington, D.C., 11-13 November, prior to the ANS 1994 Winter Meeting. Safety survives prlvatlsatlon 95/03099 Cunningham, P. Mine & Quarry, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 24, (l), 30-31. Much has been written about the likely effects on health and safety of the privatisation of the British Coal Corporation’s deep coal mining operations in the UK. The author from the HSE discusses the implications for health and safety in opencast coal mines. Simultaneous reduction of SO, and NO, In an 95/03100 entralned-flow reactor Wang, W. et al., Fuel, Feb. 1995, 74, (2), 267-272. Simultaneous SO, and NO, reduction in flue gas by the dry furnace sorbent injection process was simulated with an entrained-flow reactor. Several ammonium salts as well as urea were tested. Urea was found to give the highest NO, removal efficiency. By using urea-limestone sorbent, >90% SC+ removal and >SO% NO, removal were obtained at Ca/S and N/NO, rattos both equal to 2. The DeNO, process is more temperature-sensitive than the DeSO process, and 900°C can be chosen as the overall optimum temperature. T!i e N,O formed was ~10 ppmv at 2 s residence time. A reductive path from NO, or NO to N, is proposed to explain the experimental results.
220
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
Sorbent capture of nickel, lead, and cadmium In a laboratory swirl flame lnclnerator Linak, W. P. et al., Combustion & Flame, Jan. 1995, 100, (I), 241-250. The urpose of this research was to investigate sorbent injection processes in w g*tch the high temperatures of practical incinerators might be exploited to transform potentially toxic metals into constituents that are both more easily collected and more environmentally benign than metal effluents in the absence of combustion modifications.
95103105
Sources
and effects of lonlzlng radlatlon
United Nations Publications, Sales Section, 2 United Nations Plaro, Room DC2-853, New York, Ny.10017, USA, $45.00, 272 pp. This 1994 report produces the results from an UNSCEAR sources and effects of ionizing radiation.
review of the
95103106
Stablllzlng of dust formlng surface of spent materlal wlth gossypol resin emulsion Valiev, N. G. IN. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Corn. Zh., 1994, (l), 38-40. (In Russian) Describes how emulsion was applied to open-pit coal mining wastes at a rate of 3 Urn’ to produce a 12 mm layer of solidified material thus preventing dusting. The solidified surface was suitable for recultivation.
Studies on NO, reduction of plate mill furnaces In 95103107 Chlna Steel Corporatlon Teng, H. and Huang, T. S. Jishu Yu Xunlian, 1994, 19, (l), 42-52. (In Chinese) Describes how two furnaces, burning coke-oven gas, were used to heat up slabs in the plate mill of China Steel Corporation. Previous tests showed that NO, emitted from the No. 1 furnace exceeded the 1993 standard, which is 150 ppm at 6% oxygen content. However, NO, emissions for the No. 2 furnace, which was equipped with a flue gas recirculation system was controlled well below the standard value.
Sulfur capture capacity of limestones In combus95/03109 tlon gases: Effect of thermally Induced cracking Liu, Y. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chem. Sot., Div. Fuel Chem., 1994, 39, (l), 228-232. The authors examined the dependency of the sulphur capture capacity of two high CaCO, content limestones on particle size. The extent of sorbent utilization is dependent on the extent of sulphur penetration into the particles or sulphur penetration into the individual grains which comprise of single particle. The occurrence of cracking within particles had a strong impact on the sulphur capture behaviour, since it produced significant accessible surface area. The petrographic properties of sorbents play an important role in determining calcination and sulphation behaviour. The cracking pattern is related to gram size, grain-gram interlocking and particle size.
Sulphates, climate and coal 95103109 Adams, D. M. and Smith, I. M. IEA Coal Research, Publications Dept.,
Gemini House, IO-18 Putney Hill, London SW15 6AA, IEAPERI16, f255.00, Jan. 1995, 30 pp.