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Autonomic nervous system manifestations in epilepsy
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Abstracts from the Japanese Journal: The autonomic nervous system 171 (2012) 89–91
a
Research Division of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka 590-0482, Japan b Department of Acupuncture, Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka 559-8611, Japan c Department of Acupuncture, Faculty of Health Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Hyogo 665-0803, Japan d Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College Hospital, Osaka 569-8686, Japan e Course of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Department of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, Ibaraki 305-8521, Japan
which peaked at 62 in 2001 and decreased afterwards. The decrease of the incidence in vagal nerve stimulation may have been due to an apparently reduced use. The percentage of ictal descriptions out of the total was highest in the gastrointestinal field, followed by the cardiovascular, vaso/sudomotor, and pupillary fields. The Panayiotopoulos syndrome, characterized by recurrent, repetitive, violent ictal vomiting, was conspicuous among the ictal studies. We recommend that clinicians pay greater attention to abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system in subjects with epilepsy. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 48: 377-381, 2011) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.009
We evaluated chilly constitution in young women by observing their vascular lower-limb reactions in postural change tests. Subjects were 43 women (average age: 21.2 years). The postural change test involved standing for 5 min after a 10 min adaptation period lying on the back (dorsal position). Lower-limb skin temperature was measured by thermography, before and after standing. The subjects filled out questionnaires on chilly constitution and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-8 Survey (SF-8). Subjects were subdivided into a “normal” (n= 23) and an “abnormal” (n= 20) group. The normal group showed decreased toe skin temperature on standing, while the abnormal group showed increased skin temperature in the toe of one or both sides on standing. The abnormal subjects showed a significantly lower toe skin temperature before standing and scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. The SF-8 body pain score of the abnormal subjects was low compared to that of the normal subjects. The abnormal subjects thus appear to have vasomotor hypertonus/ imbalance reflecting a chilly constitution. Our results suggest that vascular lower-limb reaction in a postural change test is useful in evaluating the occurrence of a chilly constitution in young women. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 48: 372-376, 2011) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.008
#4 Autonomic nervous system manifestations in epilepsy Kazumasa Sudoa, Kunio Tashirob a Department of Neurology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan b Hokuyukai Neurological Hospital, Hokkaido 063-0802, Japan
Although epileptic seizures with violent physical movement affect several processes controlled by the autonomic nervous system, there is an involvement of the autonomic nervous system also when seizures are not accompanied by conspicuous physical movement. Effects on the autonomic nervous system are observed even during the inter-ictal periods. We studied published data of epilepsy-related autonomic nervous system manifestations through a PubMed search. After excluding unsuitable publications, we had 712 papers that contained 997 epilepsy-related descriptions. We divided these into (i) vagus nerve stimulation events, 461; (ii) cardiovascular events, 210; (ii) respiratory events, 40; (iv) pupillary events, 81; (v) vaso/sudomotor–peripheral blood circulation, perspiration, and thermoregulatory‐events, 94; (vi) gastrointestinal events, 54; (vii) sphincteric tone-bladder and bowel‐events, 8; (viii) endocrine events, 27; (ix) sexual function events, 5; and (x) miscellaneous events, 17. The incidence of reported anomalies related to the autonomic nervous system increased over time, peaking with 62 cases in 2001, and gradually decreased thereafter. The pattern of reports of autonomic nervous system involvements reflected the transition in vagal nerve stimulation event descriptions,
#5 Widespread increases in cerebral blood flow in forebrain neocortical areas induced by innocuous somatosensory stimulation: Contribution of nucleus basalis of Meynert Sanae Haraa,b, Mathieu Pichéa,c, Sae Uchidaa, Yoshihiro Aikawab, Harumi Hottaa a Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan b Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan c Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois — Rivières, QC, Canada
In urethane-anesthetized rats, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the frontal, parietal and occipital neocortical areas and of the olfactory bulb was measured simultaneously in both hemispheres, and rCBF changes in response to somatosensory stimulation (innocuous brushing of the hindlimb) were examined by laser speckle contrast imaging. The contribution of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) to this response was examined by comparing rCBF changes during somatosensory stimulation, before and after NBM inactivation by injection of the GABAergic agonist, muscimol. During unilateral brushing of the hindlimb at 3 Hz for 3 min, the largest rCBF increase was produced in the contralateral parietal cortex in the region corresponding to the representation of that hindlimb. Moderate rCBF increases were elicited in all other neocortical areas, such as the frontal and occipital lobes of both sides and the ipsilateral parietal lobe, but not in the olfactory bulb. After unilateral (right) NBM inactivation, all neocortical rCBF responses were reduced selectively in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the inactivated NBM. These results suggest that somatosensory stimulation of the hindlimb produces widespread increases in neocortical rCBF through activation of the NBM neurons projecting to each neocortical area. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 48: 382-388, 2011) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.010
#6 Measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, and autonomic nerve activity during a lottery with reward Nobuko Akutsu Shiseido Research Center, Kanagawa 236-8643, Japan
Heart rate, blood pressure, and autonomic nerve activity during a lottery with a reward were measured to determine what effect a change in the level of attention or interest has on cardiovascular functions. Ten healthy female subjects were told they would win a prize if they
Abstracts from the Japanese Journal: The autonomic nervous system 171 (2012) 89–91
a
Research Division of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Kansai University of Health Sciences, Osaka 590-0482, Japan b Department of Acupuncture, Faculty of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka 559-8611, Japan c Department of Acupuncture, Faculty of Health Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Hyogo 665-0803, Japan d Anesthesiology, Osaka Medical College Hospital, Osaka 569-8686, Japan e Course of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Department of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, Ibaraki 305-8521, Japan
which peaked at 62 in 2001 and decreased afterwards. The decrease of the incidence in vagal nerve stimulation may have been due to an apparently reduced use. The percentage of ictal descriptions out of the total was highest in the gastrointestinal field, followed by the cardiovascular, vaso/sudomotor, and pupillary fields. The Panayiotopoulos syndrome, characterized by recurrent, repetitive, violent ictal vomiting, was conspicuous among the ictal studies. We recommend that clinicians pay greater attention to abnormalities in the autonomic nervous system in subjects with epilepsy. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 48: 377-381, 2011) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.009
We evaluated chilly constitution in young women by observing their vascular lower-limb reactions in postural change tests. Subjects were 43 women (average age: 21.2 years). The postural change test involved standing for 5 min after a 10 min adaptation period lying on the back (dorsal position). Lower-limb skin temperature was measured by thermography, before and after standing. The subjects filled out questionnaires on chilly constitution and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form-8 Survey (SF-8). Subjects were subdivided into a “normal” (n= 23) and an “abnormal” (n= 20) group. The normal group showed decreased toe skin temperature on standing, while the abnormal group showed increased skin temperature in the toe of one or both sides on standing. The abnormal subjects showed a significantly lower toe skin temperature before standing and scored significantly higher on the questionnaire. The SF-8 body pain score of the abnormal subjects was low compared to that of the normal subjects. The abnormal subjects thus appear to have vasomotor hypertonus/ imbalance reflecting a chilly constitution. Our results suggest that vascular lower-limb reaction in a postural change test is useful in evaluating the occurrence of a chilly constitution in young women. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 48: 372-376, 2011) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.008
#4 Autonomic nervous system manifestations in epilepsy Kazumasa Sudoa, Kunio Tashirob a Department of Neurology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Hokkaido 060-8604, Japan b Hokuyukai Neurological Hospital, Hokkaido 063-0802, Japan
Although epileptic seizures with violent physical movement affect several processes controlled by the autonomic nervous system, there is an involvement of the autonomic nervous system also when seizures are not accompanied by conspicuous physical movement. Effects on the autonomic nervous system are observed even during the inter-ictal periods. We studied published data of epilepsy-related autonomic nervous system manifestations through a PubMed search. After excluding unsuitable publications, we had 712 papers that contained 997 epilepsy-related descriptions. We divided these into (i) vagus nerve stimulation events, 461; (ii) cardiovascular events, 210; (ii) respiratory events, 40; (iv) pupillary events, 81; (v) vaso/sudomotor–peripheral blood circulation, perspiration, and thermoregulatory‐events, 94; (vi) gastrointestinal events, 54; (vii) sphincteric tone-bladder and bowel‐events, 8; (viii) endocrine events, 27; (ix) sexual function events, 5; and (x) miscellaneous events, 17. The incidence of reported anomalies related to the autonomic nervous system increased over time, peaking with 62 cases in 2001, and gradually decreased thereafter. The pattern of reports of autonomic nervous system involvements reflected the transition in vagal nerve stimulation event descriptions,
#5 Widespread increases in cerebral blood flow in forebrain neocortical areas induced by innocuous somatosensory stimulation: Contribution of nucleus basalis of Meynert Sanae Haraa,b, Mathieu Pichéa,c, Sae Uchidaa, Yoshihiro Aikawab, Harumi Hottaa a Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan b Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan c Department of Chiropractic, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois — Rivières, QC, Canada
In urethane-anesthetized rats, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the frontal, parietal and occipital neocortical areas and of the olfactory bulb was measured simultaneously in both hemispheres, and rCBF changes in response to somatosensory stimulation (innocuous brushing of the hindlimb) were examined by laser speckle contrast imaging. The contribution of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) to this response was examined by comparing rCBF changes during somatosensory stimulation, before and after NBM inactivation by injection of the GABAergic agonist, muscimol. During unilateral brushing of the hindlimb at 3 Hz for 3 min, the largest rCBF increase was produced in the contralateral parietal cortex in the region corresponding to the representation of that hindlimb. Moderate rCBF increases were elicited in all other neocortical areas, such as the frontal and occipital lobes of both sides and the ipsilateral parietal lobe, but not in the olfactory bulb. After unilateral (right) NBM inactivation, all neocortical rCBF responses were reduced selectively in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the inactivated NBM. These results suggest that somatosensory stimulation of the hindlimb produces widespread increases in neocortical rCBF through activation of the NBM neurons projecting to each neocortical area. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 48: 382-388, 2011) doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2012.08.010
#6 Measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, and autonomic nerve activity during a lottery with reward Nobuko Akutsu Shiseido Research Center, Kanagawa 236-8643, Japan
Heart rate, blood pressure, and autonomic nerve activity during a lottery with a reward were measured to determine what effect a change in the level of attention or interest has on cardiovascular functions. Ten healthy female subjects were told they would win a prize if they