Bending Characteristics of Open Cell Polymer Foam Sandwich Structure

Bending Characteristics of Open Cell Polymer Foam Sandwich Structure

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914 ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQX...

1MB Sizes 127 Downloads 131 Views

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DWHULDOV(QJLQHHULQJ $00(

%HQGLQJ &KDUDFWHULVWLFV RI 2SHQFHOO 3RO\PHU)RDP6DQGZLFK 6WUXFWXUH .61DUD\DQDVZDP\D +19LG\DVDJDUE 1 5DQDSUDWDS5HGG\F DF E

5HYD,QVWLWXWHRIWHFKQRORJ\DQG0DQDJHPHQW%DQJDORUH ,QGLD 8QLYHUVLW\9LVYHVZDUDLD&ROOHJHRIHQJLQHHULQJ%DQJDORUH ,QGLD

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

.H\ZRUGV3RO\PHUIRDPV6DQGZLFK6WUHFWXUHV'HERQGLQJ%HQGLQJ0HFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHV

&RUURVSHQGLQJDXWKRU7HO)D[(PDLOQDUD\DQVZDP\V#JPDLOFRP ‹  7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU /WG

© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI 2UJDQL]LQJ &RPPLWWHHRI$00( (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014

2211-8128 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.512

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

1907

 ,QWURGXFWLRQ 6HYHUDO W\SHV RI OLJKW ZHLJKW SRO\PHU FRPSRVLWHV DUH EHLQJ GHYHORSHG IRU XVH LQ DSSOLFDWLRQV UDQJLQJ IURP DHURVSDFH VWUXFWXUHV PDULQH FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI EXLOGLQJ VWUXFWXUHV VSRUW LQGXVWU\ WR DXWRPRELOH FRPSRQHQWV +RZHYHU KROORZ IRDP FRPSRVLWHV RU V\QWDFWLF IRDPV KDYH UHFHQWO\ JDLQHG D ORW RI DWWHQWLRQ DV WKH\ SURYLGH WKH VDPH VWUHQJWK FKDUDFWHULVWLFV DQG PXFK ORZHU GHQVLW\ WKDQ WKDW RI WKH VROLG IRDP +RZHYHU VHYHUDO VWXGLHV KDYH EHHQIRFXVHGRQWKHIDEULFDWLRQRI SRO\PHUIRDP%XWRQO\DIHZUHVHDUFKHUVKDYHZRUNHGRQWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRI ORZFRVWRSHQFHOOSRO\PHUIRDPEDVHGVDQGZLFKVWUXFWXUHV7KHREMHFWLYHRIWKLVUHVHDUFKZDVWRIDEULFDWHRSHQFHOO SRO\PHUIRDPVDQGZLFKVWUXFWXUHXVLQJWKHVDPHIRDPDQGWKHLU FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RQ EHQGLQJVWUHQJWK  %\VDQGZLFKLQJDORZGHQVLW\FRUHEHWZHHQVWLIIIDFHVKHHWVHIIHFWLYHO\SURYLGHDOLJKWZHLJKWVWLIIHUDQGVWURQJHU VDQGZLFK VWUXFWXUH 7KH IDFH VKHHWV DUH EDVLFDOO\ XQLGLUHFWLRQDO ILEHU UHLQIRUFHG ODPLQDWHG FRPSRVLWHV ZKLOH WKH FRUH LV D WKLFN OD\HU RI ORZGHQVLW\ PDWHULDO OLNH IRDP RU D KRQH\FRPE PDWHULDO>@7KH FRUH PDWHULDOV ZHUH WUDGLWLRQDOO\PDQXIDFWXUHGXVLQJVWRFKDVWLFPHWDORUSRO\PHUIRDPV>@FRUUXJDWHG>@KRQH\FRPE >@DQG WUXVVPDWHULDOV>@ 7KHVH FRPELQDWLRQVRI SURSHUWLHV DUHYHU\LPSRUWDQWLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI PDQ\ FRQWHPSRUDU\ YHKLFOHVDQGVWUXFWXUHV 6DQGZLFKVWUXFWXUHVJHQHUDOO\DOORZ DQDGGLWLRQDOZHLJKWUHGXFWLRQZLWKRXWMHRSDUGL]LQJWKH VWUHQJWK DQG SHUIRUPDQFH RI WKH VWUXFWXUH E\ XVLQJ ILEHU UHLQIRUFHG FRPSRVLWHV LQ LW +HQFH VDQGZLFK VWUXFWXUHV PDGHRIILEHUUHLQIRUFHGFRPSRVLWHVDUHDWWUDFWLYH IRUEXLOGLQJXOWUDOLJKWDQGKLJKVWUHQJWKFRPSRQHQWVVSHFLDOO\IRU WKHDHURVSDFHLQGXVWU\DQGILJKWVWUXFWXUHV>@ /DUJHUVL]HGPDVVSURGXFHGVDQGZLFKSDQHOVKDYHPDQ\SRWHQWLDO DSSOLFDWLRQVLQEXLOGLQJODUJHVFDOH VWUXFWXUHV ,QDGGLWLRQWKH\DUHHQHUJ\DEVRUEHQW>@ 7KH VWXG\ RQ EHQGLQJ SURSHUWLHV LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW LQ GHVLJQ RI OLJKWZHLJKW VDQGZLFK EHDPV 7KHUH LV PXFK OLWHUDWXUHLVDYDLODEOHSHUWDLQLQJWREHQGLQJEHKDYLRU RIVDQGZLFK EHDPVZLWKYDULRXVNLQGVRIFRUHV/LXHWDO  SUHVHQWHGDVHPLDQDO\WLFDOPHWKRGIRUWKHEHQGLQJ DQDO\VLVRIVDQGZLFKSDQHOVZLWKVTXDUHKRQH\FRPEFRUHV -LQHW DO  FRQGXFWHGEHQGLQJWHVWVLQRUGHUWRUHYHDOWKHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUW\DQGWKHIDLOXUHPHFKDQLVPRILQWHJUDWHG ZRYHQ FRUUXJDWHG VDQGZLFK FRPSRVLWHV =RN HW DO  UHSRUWHG D SURWRFRO IRU FKDUDFWHUL]LQJ WKH EHQGLQJ SHUIRUPDQFH RI PHWDO VDQGZLFK SDQHOV ZLWK S\UDPLGDO WUXVV FRUHV 9DOGHYLW HW DO  SUHVHQWHG WKH RSWLPLVHG UHVXOWV UHJDUGLQJVDQGZLFKSDQHOVZLWKSULVPDWLFFRUHVXQGHUEHQGLQJORDG5DWKEXQ HWDO  KDYHLQYHVWLJDWHG WKHEHQGLQJ EHKDYLRXU RIOLJKWZHLJKWPHWDOOLFVDQGZLFKVWUXFWXUHVZLWKWHWUDKHGUDOWUXVVFRUHV7\SLFDOO\FRUHVDUH WKHZHDNHVWSDUWRIVDQGZLFKVWUXFWXUHVDQGWKH\IDLOGXHWRVKHDU 6HQGOHLQHWDO  UHSRUWHGWKDWXQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKHVKHDUVWUHQJWKSURSHUWLHVRIVDQGZLFKFRUHSOD\VDQLPSRUWDQWUROHLQWKHGHVLJQRIVDQGZLFKVWUXFWXUHVVXEMHFWHG WRIOH[XUDOORDGLQJ)URVWLQJHWDO  7KHUHIRUHWKUHHSRLQWEHQGLQJWHVWVDUHRIWHQSHUIRUPHGWRILQGWKHIOH[XUDO DQG VKHDU ULJLGLWLHV RI VDQGZLFK EHDPV  )DQ HW  DO   KDYH UHSRUWHG WKH EHQGLQJ SURSHUWLHV RI  NDJRPH DQG LPSURYHG FDUERQ ILEHU UHLQIRUFHG ODWWLFHFRUH VDQGZLFK EHDPV ZHUH LQYHVWLJDWHG 7R GDWH KRZHYHU WKHUH LV QR UHVHDUFKZRUNRQWKHEHQGLQJ EHKDYLRXU RIVDQGZLFKEHDPZLWKRSHQFHOOSRO\PHUIRDPDVFRUHPDWHULDOVLQFHWKLV LQQRYDWLYH FRUH DUFKLWHFWXUH  DSSHDUHG UHFHQWO\ IRU GHVLJQLQJ OLJKWZHLJKW DQG PXOWLIXQFWLRQDO VDQGZLFK VWUXFWXUH 7KHSURSHUWLHVRIWKHSDUHQWPDWHULDODUHOLVWHGLQ7DEHO,QWKHSUHVHQWSDSHUWKHEHQGLQJSURSHUWLHVDQGWKHIDLOXUH PHFKDQLVP RIJODVVILEHUFRPSRVLWHVDQGZLFKEHDPZLWKRSHQFHOOSRO\PHUIRDPFRUHVKDYHEHHQUHVHDUFKHGXVLQJ H[SHULPHQWDO WHVWVWKH 333 SRVVHVV DV KLJKHU YDOXH RI EHQGLQJ VWUHVV FRPSDUHG WR ILYH VSHFLPHQV ((3 SRVVHVV KLJKHUYDOXHRIFRUHVWUHVVDQGVDQGZLFKEHDPGHIOHFWLRQFRPSDUHGWRRWKHUVDQGZLFKVSHFLPHQ

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

1908

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

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

7DEOH 0DWHULDO XVHGDQGWKHLU SURSHUWLHV 0DWHULDO

'HQVLW\ JFP

(SR[\



9ROXPHIUDFWLRQ  

(JODVVILEUH 







3RO\HVWHU







( *SD 

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





:KHUH 3 LVORDG G LVVDQGZLFKWKLFNQHVV F LVWKHFRUHWKLFNQHVVDQG E LVWKHVDQGZLFKZLGWK)DFHVKHHWEHQGLQJ VWUHVV ı LVREWDLQHGE\WKHHTXDWLRQ  :KHUH W LVIDFHVKHHWWKLFNQHVVDQG / LVWKHVSDQOHQJWK7KHGLPHQVLRQVPHQWLRQHGDERYHFDQEHVHHQLQ)LJXUH 

)L J 6DQGZLFKVWUXFWXUHGLPHQVLRQV

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

1909

3DQHOEHQGLQJVWLIIQHVV ' LVREWDLQHGE\WKHIRUPXODJLYHQHTXDWLRQ  ( LVWKHIDFHVKHHWPRGXOXV 6DQGZLFKEHDP GHIOHFWLRQLVDOVRFDOFXODWHGLQWKLVWHVWPHWKRGE\HTXDWLRQ

ο 



ǻLVWKHWRWDOEHDPPLGVSDQGHIOHFWLRQ,QWKLVIRUPXOD 8 LVWKHSDQHOEHQGLQJULJLGLW\DQGLW LVFDOFXODWHGE\WKH HTXDWLRQ   * LVWKHFRUHVKHDUPRGXOXV

)L J 7KUHHSRLQWEHQGLQJWHVWRQVDQGZLFKVSHFLPHQ

5HVXOWVDQG'LVFXVVLRQ 7KUHHSRLQW ORDGLQJ WHVWV H[SHULPHQWV DUH FDUULHG RXW DFFRUGLQJ WR $670 &  7KH PDFKLQH ZDV SURJUDPPHG WR DSSO\ WKH ORDG DW D FRQVWDQW FURVVKHDG UDWH  &KRRVH WKH WHVW VSDQ OHQJWK  “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

1910

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

IXQFWLRQRIWKHGHIOHFWLRQLVJLYHQ 6WUHVVYDOXHVLQFUHDVHOLQHDUO\LQWKHHODVWLFUHJLRQ0D[LPXPVWUHVVZDVDSSOLHG DWWKHPLGVSDQLQWKUHHSRLQWEHQGLQJFRQILJXUDWLRQ$ERYHWKHPD[LPXPVWUHVVWKHFRPSRVLWHOD\HUVGHODPLQDWH DQG IDLOXUH RFFXUV 7KH ORDGLQJ LQ WKH EHQGLQJ WHVW FRQVLVWV RI FRPSUHVVLRQ IRUFHV 7KH GHODPLQDWLRQ VWDUWV DW WKH PLGGOHRIWKHVSHFLPHQEHFDXVHRIWKHPD[LPXPEHQGLQJPRPHQWLQWKHPLGGOHVHFWLRQRIWKHWHQVLOHVXUIDFHILEHU UXSWXUHRFFXUUHG

)L J  )DF HVKHHWEHQGLQJVKHDUVWUHVV DQG 6DQGZLFK EHDPGHIOHFWLRQ DVDIXQFWLRQRI GHIOHFWLRQ RI HSR[\IRDPEDVHGVDQGZLFKVSHFLPHQ IRU((( VSHFLPHQ

)L J  )DF HVKHHWEHQGLQJVKHDUVWUHVVDQG 6DQGZLFKEHDPGHIOHFWLRQ DVDIXQFWLRQRI GHIOHFWLRQ RI HSR[\IRDPEDVHGVDQGZLFKVSHFLPHQ IRU(( 3 VSHFLPHQ

)L J  )DF HVKHHWEHQGLQJVKHDUVWUHVVDQG 6DQGZLFKEHDPGHIOHFWLRQ DVDIXQFWLRQRI GHIOHFWLRQ RI HSR[\ IRDPEDVHGVDQG ZLFKVSHFLPHQ IRU3( 3VSHFLPHQ

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

)L J  )DF HVKHHWEHQGLQJVKHDUVWUHVVDQG 6DQGZLFKEHDPGHIOHFWLRQ DVDIXQFWLRQRI GHIOHFWLRQ RI HSR[\IRDPEDVHGVDQGZLFKVSHFLPHQ IRU 333V SHFLPHQ

)L J  )DF HVKHHWEHQGLQJVKHDUVWUHVVDQG 6DQGZLFKEHDPGHIOHFWLRQ DVDIXQFWLRQRI GHIOHFWLRQ RI HSR[\ IRDPEDVHGVDQG ZLFKVSHFLPHQ IRU(3(VS HFLPHQ

)L J  )DF HVKHHWEHQGLQJVKHDUVWUHVVDQG 6DQGZLFKEHDPGHIOHFWLRQ DVDIXQFWLRQRI GHIOHFWLRQ RI HSR[\ IRDPEDVHGVDQG ZLFKVSHFLPHQ IRU(33VSHFLPHQ

1911

1912

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

)L J 6KHDU VWUHVV )DF H VKHHW  EHQGLQJ DQG 6DQGZLFK EHDP GHIOHFWLRQ 3HDN ORDG  7\SH RI PDWHULDOS RO\HVW HUDQGHSR[\IRDPEDVHGVDQGZLFKVSHFLPHQ 

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

1913

'HODPLQDWLRQ ZDV REVHUYHG RQ ERWK WHQVLOH DQG FRPSUHVVLYH VXUIDFHV RI WKH VSHFLPHQ¶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
1914

K.S. Narayanaswamy et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 1906 – 1914

=RN)::DOWQHU6$:HL=5DWKEXQ+-0F0HHNLQJ50(YDQV$*$SURWRFDOIRUFKDUDFWHUL]LQJWKHVWUXFWXUDOSHUIRUPDQFH RIPHWDOOLFVDQGZLFKSDQHOVDSSOLFDWLRQWRS\UDPLGDOWUXVVFRUH ,QW-RXUQDORI6ROLGV6WUXFWXUHV