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Beneficial effects of adiponectin and its combination with EMD
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 0 S ( 2 0 1 4 ) e1–e180
gene expression in SBAE and SBAEH compared to the respective smoother surfaces, M and AEH. Again, the expression pattern was similar in gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that both, the hydrophilicity and the roughness of implant surfaces may play a role in determining gene expression patterns of gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro. Further investigations are required to understand how these findings translate into the clinical application, particularily on the soft tissue response to dental implants.Acknowledgments: The study was supported by ITI Research Grant No. 852 2012. The Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland for providing the titanium discs. G. Ghiacci holds a fellowship from the European Lifelong Learning Program – Erasmus Placement. Keywords: Dental implants; Hydrophilicity; Roughness; Gene expression http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.277 277 Beneficial effects of adiponectin and its combination with EMD J. Deschner 1,∗ , S. Keser 1 , A.V.B. Nogueira 2 , J.A. Cirelli 2 , S. Jepsen 1 , A. Jaeger 1 , S. Eick 3 , M. Nokhbehsaim 1 1
University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil 3 University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2
Purpose: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the irreversible destruction of the
periodontium. In order to promote periodontal regenerative healing, bioactive molecules, such as enamel matrix derivative (EMD), are often applied during periodontal surgery. EMD stimulates periodontal ligament (PDL) cells to produce growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF) 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix molecules, such as collagen type 1 (COL1) and periostin (POSTN), and osteogenesis-related factors, such as runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) 2. Moreover, EMD increases PDL cell
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proliferation and accelerates wound closure. Interestingly, periodontitis and compromised periodontal healing are linked to obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are characterized by reduced serum levels of adiponectin, suggesting a beneficial role of this molecule in periodontal homeostasis and healing. Adiponectin is mainly produced in the adipose tissue and has both metabolic and immunoregulatory functions. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of adiponectin either alone or in combination with EMD on PDL cells. Methods and materials: PDL cells from 18 donors were incubated with adiponectin and/or EMD gel (emdogain) for up to 3 days. The expression of VEGF, TGF1, COL1, POSTN, RUNX2 and Ki67, a proliferation marker, was determined by real-time PCR. The protein synthesis was analyzed by ELISA, the wound fill rate by an in vitro wound healing assay and the SMAD1/5/8 nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence. For statistical analysis, parametric (ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s or Tukey’s tests) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney-U) tests were applied. Results: Adiponectin upregulated significantly (p < 0.05) the TGF1, VEGF and POSTN expressions and also enhanced the TGF1 and VEGF protein syntheses. Furthermore, adiponectin increased significantly (p < 0.05) the cell proliferation and in vitro wound fill rate, and activated the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Interestingly, adiponectin enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the EMD-induced upregulation of TGF1 and RUNX2. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings suggest that adiponectin can stimulate a number of PDL cell functions critical for periodontal homeostasis and regenerative healing. Furthermore, adiponectin may support the beneficial actions of EMD on PDL cells. Therefore, the combination of adiponectin with the EMD gel might open up new treatment strategies in the future.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG/KFO208/TP4) and the University of Bonn. Keywords: Enamel matrix derivative; Adiponectin; Periodontal regeneration http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.278
gene expression in SBAE and SBAEH compared to the respective smoother surfaces, M and AEH. Again, the expression pattern was similar in gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that both, the hydrophilicity and the roughness of implant surfaces may play a role in determining gene expression patterns of gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells in vitro. Further investigations are required to understand how these findings translate into the clinical application, particularily on the soft tissue response to dental implants.Acknowledgments: The study was supported by ITI Research Grant No. 852 2012. The Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland for providing the titanium discs. G. Ghiacci holds a fellowship from the European Lifelong Learning Program – Erasmus Placement. Keywords: Dental implants; Hydrophilicity; Roughness; Gene expression http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.277 277 Beneficial effects of adiponectin and its combination with EMD J. Deschner 1,∗ , S. Keser 1 , A.V.B. Nogueira 2 , J.A. Cirelli 2 , S. Jepsen 1 , A. Jaeger 1 , S. Eick 3 , M. Nokhbehsaim 1 1
University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Univ Estadual Paulista – UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil 3 University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 2
Purpose: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the irreversible destruction of the
periodontium. In order to promote periodontal regenerative healing, bioactive molecules, such as enamel matrix derivative (EMD), are often applied during periodontal surgery. EMD stimulates periodontal ligament (PDL) cells to produce growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF) 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix molecules, such as collagen type 1 (COL1) and periostin (POSTN), and osteogenesis-related factors, such as runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) 2. Moreover, EMD increases PDL cell
e135
proliferation and accelerates wound closure. Interestingly, periodontitis and compromised periodontal healing are linked to obesity and diabetes mellitus, which are characterized by reduced serum levels of adiponectin, suggesting a beneficial role of this molecule in periodontal homeostasis and healing. Adiponectin is mainly produced in the adipose tissue and has both metabolic and immunoregulatory functions. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effects of adiponectin either alone or in combination with EMD on PDL cells. Methods and materials: PDL cells from 18 donors were incubated with adiponectin and/or EMD gel (emdogain) for up to 3 days. The expression of VEGF, TGF1, COL1, POSTN, RUNX2 and Ki67, a proliferation marker, was determined by real-time PCR. The protein synthesis was analyzed by ELISA, the wound fill rate by an in vitro wound healing assay and the SMAD1/5/8 nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence. For statistical analysis, parametric (ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s or Tukey’s tests) and non-parametric (Mann-Whitney-U) tests were applied. Results: Adiponectin upregulated significantly (p < 0.05) the TGF1, VEGF and POSTN expressions and also enhanced the TGF1 and VEGF protein syntheses. Furthermore, adiponectin increased significantly (p < 0.05) the cell proliferation and in vitro wound fill rate, and activated the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway. Interestingly, adiponectin enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the EMD-induced upregulation of TGF1 and RUNX2. Conclusion: In conclusion, our findings suggest that adiponectin can stimulate a number of PDL cell functions critical for periodontal homeostasis and regenerative healing. Furthermore, adiponectin may support the beneficial actions of EMD on PDL cells. Therefore, the combination of adiponectin with the EMD gel might open up new treatment strategies in the future.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG/KFO208/TP4) and the University of Bonn. Keywords: Enamel matrix derivative; Adiponectin; Periodontal regeneration http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.278