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Borden S. Veeder
Volume 56 Number 2
The Journal o/ P E D I A T R I C S
139
Borden S Veeder "A *vise man and a scribe" 1 Chronicles 27..32
K I N O D A V I D ' S U N C L E should have been proud to bear this double title--one which only in part does justice to Borden S. Veeder. He has been and is a wise man, giver and receiver of friendship, lover of the arts, family man, scribe, Compleat Pediatrician in the full Walton-Davison sense, "leader of his generation," and medical statesman. Like his 2-year-old patients, he gets into everything. The one thing cryptic about Borden Veeder is his middle name--Smith. For the sake of what brevity my subject will allow, be will hereinafter appear as BSV. " W H A T M A N N E R OF M A N " . . .
?"
Matthew 8:27 BSV was born in Fonda, New York, Aug. 21, 1883, the son of James Lansing and Jenny Smith Veeder. His Dutch background may account for his determination to get things done. Yet, throughout a career which it is an understatement to call successful, BSV has all too often had to manifest "the serenity to accept the things he could not change" (attributed to Reinhold Niebuhr). His father died when BSV was 6 years old--his first unavoidable adjustment. Although his mother remarried later, she bore the responsibility for his earlier years. One of BSV's stepbrothers was George Spearl, who became one of St. Louis' best-known architects; with James P. Jamieson he designed many of Washington University's finest build-
ings. A stepsister, Charlotte, a nurse, shared ownership of a camp in the Adirondacks with BSV. They were most congenial and gave each other much-needed companionship. All too soon, tragedy struck again. She died at 40; and another major adjustment was required of BSV. Shortly after finishing his medical training, illness compelled BSV to be inactive for 2 years. Recovery fortunately was complete, but so thorough was his adjustment that he has been able to master the philosophy of living from day to day. BSV remained a popular bachelor until he was 47, living most of the time at the St. Louis University Club from 1919 until his marriage Sept. 15, 1930, to Mrs. Vera Giannini Angert, widow of Eugene Angert, prominent St. Louis attorney. He was the pediatrician for her son and two daughters until they "outgrew him" medically. It was characteristic of his sensitivity to the various aspects of a situation that, in the summer he and Mrs. Angert became engaged, they "all got together" for a month at a ranch in New Mexico. BSV wanted to be sure that he and the children would get along well before he married their mother. (This was told me by one of the Angert girls.) ,The matter of their getting along was never in doubt! It is safe to say that the same is true of the four grandchildren who have since appeared upon the family scene. During recent years, Mrs. Veeder's crippling spinal disorder kept her from the ac-
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February 1960
Fig. 1. The Veeder-Angert family, I946. rive, gracious social life for which she was so well known. As one might expect, she and BSV coped gallantly with the situation, BSV simply letting it be known that he was not available for outside activities, especially in the evening. Ever an outdoor man, BSV not only played golf, but also fared into the wilds to hunt and to fish. His intimate friend, Edwin H. Steedman of St. Louis, writes: "On a trip to Alaska, we were accompanied by Mrs. Steedman and Edward Mallinckrodt, J r . Unknowingly we killed a mother bear. She left two young cubs which we adopted. Borden was not only doctor but nurse. The development of a satisfactory
formula for these cubs I am sure taxed all of his ingenuity. The fact that these two Kodiaks were on view at the St. Louis Zoo until just recently proved the success of his efforts." They died of old age. Like Osler, Graeme Mitchell, and all too few others, BSV has much extracurricular knowledge and many varied interests. So far as I know, he plays no musical instrument, yet he has been an inveterate concert goer and a keen appreciator and critic of music. He has not turned out the amazingly good paintings and etchings which the remarkable "Dr. Pottlesmith" (Graeme Mitchell) produced, but his collections, especially of etchings, and his knowledge of and interest
Volume 56
Number 2
Borden S. Feeder
in the g r a p h i c arts, " p u t h i m up there" with Graeme, a n d would have d r a w n the two together even h a d they not h a d so m a n y other things in common, including their talents as raconteurs. I n " h u m a n e letters," B S V has been not only the critic, but the excising editor. H e is a creative writer " t h a t needeth not to be a s h a m e d . " H e is one of those who have things to say, a n d who can both say a n d write t h e m in a way inviting attention. Like Jefferson, Lincoln, a n d Franklin, BSV has not, in his a d u l t life, been church centered, or even a church m e m b e r . H e was brought u p in the D u t c h R e f o r m e d Church. Like the m e n mentioned, he has p u t complete h o n e s t y - - t r u t h - - a t the center of his l i f e - - n o t a b a d idea; a n d one r a t h e r likely to be " a p p r o v e d of G o d . " H e has shown himself to be both judicial a n d judicious and might well be called " T h e Just." BSV: COMPLEAT
PEDIATRICIAN Walton-Davison
"After graduation from Colgate Academy and College, N. Y. (Colgate University gave him the honorary degree of Sc.D. in 1929) BSV received his M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania in I907. He interned in the University Hospital, then went to Berlin for a year of study. Upon his return, he became demonstrator in pathology, University of Pennsylvania, and Pathologist at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children. "In 1911 he went to St. Louis to develop with Dr. Howland a Department of Pediatrics at Washington University. He carried not only the charge of the entire department after Dr. Howland's departure, but reorganized the Children's 9 Hospital. "Blessed with a sane, common-sense outlook on life, Borden Veeder has developed a remarkably successful combination of practitioner and educator." These p a r a g r a p h s are taken from the semicentennial v o l u m e o f the A m e r i c a n Pediatric Society, 1938. I n his most interesting book, Adventures in Medical Education, Dr. G. C a n b y Robinson ~ (p. 102) describes the reorganization of the W a s h i n g t o n University School of Medicine (1909-1910) as "one of the most . . .
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d r a m a t i c events in the history of A m e r i c a n education," paying tribute to the generosity a n d foresight of R o b e r t S. Brookings (a friend of B S V ) , the businessman so largely responsible for it. Dr. Robinson continues: "In April, 1909, [page 102] Dr. Abraham Flexner, under the general direction of Henry S. Pritchett, president of the Carnegie Foundation, inspected the medical department of Washington University as part of his national study of medical e d u c a t i o n . . . "Flexner's report came as a shock to Mr. Brookings. He 'Found the school a little better than the worst I had seen elsewhere, but absolutely inadequate in every respect.' " "The St. Louis Children's Hospital, then occupying an antiquated building, was (like Barnes Hospital) also interested in a new plant, and in affiliating with the University." (p. 113.) "The Children's Hospital had as the President of its Board Mrs. Robert McKittrick Jones, who combined unusual qualities of leadership with vision, energy, and charm comparable with those of Brookings." (p. 117.)
Fig. 2. BSV at Sunlight Ranch, Cody, Wyoming, summer of 1932.
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Mrs. Jones worked intensively with BSV and later (1915) with M c K i m Marriott to develop the Children's Hospital into the leading institution which it became. "In 1910, George Dock was made Professor of Medicine and Dean, with such great men as Opie, Erlanger, Shaffer, and Terry on the Executive Faculty. The Rockefeller Institute and the Johns Hopkins Medical School were two of the main sources of recruitment of the younger men. John Howland (Hopkins) was Professor of Pediatrics. (He resigned after a few months to return to Baltimore, and BSV took over the department until 1915.) In Biochemistry, Dr. Philip A. Shaffer, then not yet 30, brought with him from Cornell Dr. W. McKim Marriott. Among the 'other young men' was Borden Veeder, from Philadelphia, in Clinical Pediatrics." (p. 119.) "In 1915, E. L. Opie resigned as Dean, and Dr. Philip A. Shaffer succeeded him, and the Medical School was under his guidance when the Departments of Medicine and Surgery and Pediatrics 'went on full time' and required adjustment and extension." (p. 137.) It was then that M c K i m Marriott turned from biochemistry to pediatrics, after a brief training period in its clinical aspects, and became full-time professor. Philip C. Jeans, Jean V. Cooke, and Samuel W. C l a u s e n - a great trio---were appointed as full-time assistants. BSV's "power to adjust" was called upon, and he responded. Here was a clinician whose organizing ability and whose knack at pioneering new enterprises were clear to all and who was big enough and sufficiently trained to see the importance of full-time laboratory research men to medical education and progress. H e has never been one to look askance at such research and teaching or to mislabel it "ivory-tower" in contrast to "practical" medicine. As elsewhere, the Veeder type and the Marriott type were and are both needed in pediatrics. Both men realized this and "went along" in intimate friendship, to the great and lasting benefit of pediatrics in the Middle West and throughout the nation. Compleat pediatrician? With all his extracurricular activities, we are likely to overlook the fact that throughout his life in St. Louis,
February 1960
except for his service in World W a r I and until retirement about 2 years ago, BSV has been a private practitioner. It is true that he could not permit himself to be as hyperactively involved in practice as others. A "huge" practice, all-consuming as it is, would actually have been wrong for him. H e has been fortunate in having as his associate Dr. " E d " Rohlfing, who has done so m u c h to prolong BSV's professional and temporal life. As his stepdaughter relates, BSV was so interested in his patients that he "often spent hours discussing marital problems with couples, at times preventing divorce, and probably even suicide." "THOU
MORE
THAN
SOLDIER" Thomas Moore
T h e entry of the United States into World War I in April, 1917, required of BSV as of m a n y others, a further major adjustment. O n M a y 16, 1917, American Red Cross Unit No.
Fig. 3. BSV, World War I.
Volume 56
Number 2
21 was called to active duty as U. S. A r m y Base H o s p i t a l U n i t No. 21, often referred to as the " W a s h i n g t o n University U n i t . " O n June 12, the U n i t took over British General Hospital No. 12, Rouen, France, a n d saw continuous duty for a year. B S V was at first a C a p t a i n M.C. A note in the U n i t ' s "Cale n d a r ''2 d a t e d M a y 15, 1918, reads: " M a j o r ( F r e d ) M u r p h y left. M a j o r V e e d e r in Comm a n d . " B S V soon became L i e u t e n a n t - C o l onel, then Colonel. Miss J u l i a Stimson, ~ Chief Nurse of the Unit, wrote to her family July 8, 1917, as follows : "Dr. Veeder can do no medical work at all just now . . . . At present he is spending his time quartermastering. He is responsible for the Officers' mess, does all the buying, planning, arranging about cooks, cleaning up, etc., and he is doing it well, too, and with mighty good grace . . . performing all sorts of miracles that only a very persistent and determined man can do . . . . It is so absolutely different from what he was trained for and what he would prefer." I n "Activities, Base H o s p i t a l 21, France," p. 24, 4 we read, "Lt. Col. V e e d e r was m a d e a C o m p a n i o n of the o r d e r of St. M i c h a e l a n d St. George ( C . M . G . ) by the British Government." F i n a l "vignettes" from a letter by Dr. James B. Costen of St. Louis, now a distinguished otolaryngologist, then a "non-com with the outfit": "As C.O. of the outfit, Veeder came in for all the gripes that the boys in the army indulge in. If the rations (all British) got skinny and we fell back on stewed Australian jack-rabbit, it was all his fault." Dr. Costen bears witness, as do many, to BSV's tendency to befriend a n d to c h a m p i o n the underdog. "It was de[endu to send a certain snapshot of myself and others to Carolyn, my wife. However, I did. The censor discovered it, and made a big case of it. Veeder interceded, had the whole thing pitched out, saved my neck. "Veeder administered the 'Officers' Fund,' a sum collected from all the officers and reserved to help the men of the outfit in later years. Dr.
Borden S. Veeder
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Clopton gave a large sum. For at least 40 years after the war, Dr. Veeder dispensed it to the boys for sickness, unemployment, and for funerals. He and Harold Jolley finally decided to spend the last few hundred dollars for a big dinner, inviting every one of the enlisted men still living. It was a fine affair at the University Club." "ORGANIZATION
MAN"
I well recall when I came to St. Louis from N e w York in 1920 it was BSV who was in charge of the well-baby clinics of the city a n d who bore the b r u n t of the criticism of private practitioners t h a t such clinics represented "socialized m e d i c i n e " and interfered with their rights. I n time, some of those loudest in opposition came to see the need for such clinics, especially as the i m m u n i z a t i o n p r o g r a m developed for those unable to pay. Perhaps the most notable of BSV's contributions to St. L o u i s - - a n d they have been m a n y - - i s his work for the St. Louis C h a p t e r of the R e d Cross. Mr. O ' C o n n o r of the R e d Cross tells m e t h a t B S V has been active at practically every peace-time meeting of the Board since 1919. H e was C h a p t e r C h a i r m a n in 1945 a n d 1946 a n d has been on the Board until the present time. D u r i n g a n d for three days after "St. Louis' second-worst t o r n a d o " in 1927, BSV, says Dr. Rohlfing, "simply d i s a p p e a r e d from his practice a n d from everything e l s e " - - e x c e p t directing the work of R e d Cross relief. I t was a job which h a d to be done. I t is p r o b a b l y in n a t i o n a l pediatric organization work t h a t BSV's judicial a n d judicious t e m p e r a m e n t a n d his statesmanship have been most evident. H e has long been a m e m b e r of the pioneer pediatric g r o u p ( f o u n d e d in 1883 when he was 5 years o l d ) , the A m e r i c a n Pediatric Society. Almost ipso facto he was its President in 1934. I n the History of the American A c a d e m y of Pediatrics, by Dr. Marshall C. Pease, 5 1951, B S V is m e n t i o n e d 34 times, a n u m b e r exceeded only by his intimate friend throughout the years, "Cliff" Grulee, with 48 references. T h e "embryology" of the A c a d e m y dates
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back to the difficulties between the Pediatric Section of the A.M.A. and its ever-conservative House of Delegates over the SheppardTowner Act in 1922. T h e Academy's period of gestation seems to have been 9 years instead of months, for it was not born until 1931 : "To create reciprocal and friendly relations with all professional and lay organizations interested in the health and protection of children; "To foster and encourage pediatric investigation, both clinically and in the laboratory, by individuals and groups. ''~ Such a group and BSV were made for each other. As Pease succinctly puts it (p. 6 3 ) : "Almost the first act of the Executive Board was to set in motion the machinery which resulted in less than 3 years in the formation of the American Board of Pediatrics (1933). "Dr. Veeder, through his previous connection with the National Board of Medical Examiners, brought to the American Board of Pediatrics a reservoir of practical experience. He had induced the National Board in 1932 to include a separate examination in Pediatrics." (p. 111.) BSV was C h a i r m a n of the Academy's Committee on Medical Education from 1931 to 1941. H e was President from 1942 to t943. I n December, 1937, the Academy 5 "accepted an offer of an honorarium from M e a d Johnson & Co. for research." A Committee was formed to draw up rules of operation. The Chairman? BSV. T h e JOURNAL OF PEI)IATRIGSwas launched in July, 1932, ~ only 2 years after the adoption of the Academy's Constitution in Detroit. "Compliance with the request of The C. V. Mosby Co. in 1931 for the appointment of an Editor from among the pediatricians of St. Louis was a simple matter . . . . Borden Veeder and Hugh McCulloch were inevitable selections for the post. ''5 They were co-editors from 1932 to 1947, and with a distinguished Editorial Board made it an important and valuable journal for pediatric practitioners, investigators, and students.BSV carried on alone as Editor until 1958, when he shared the editorship with Dr. Waldo E. Nelson, who has since taken
February 1960
over, with the enthusiastic support of BSV. "The failure of the Academy to own its official organ of expression was by 1946-1947 a matter of growing concern. ''5 At the annual meeting in Pittsburgh in 1947, it was BSV who offered a resolution to publish the Academy-owned Journal, to be named "Pediatrics." The resolution passed, and H u g h McCulloch became Editor of the new Journal, with its own new Editorial Board. Its first issue appeared in January, 1948. BSV's articles and editorials, bearing the stamp of his judicial mind, cannot be listed here. His books are Preventive Pediatrics, and, with Sidney I. Schwab, The Adolescent,
his Conflicts and Escapes. "EMIC," CONTROVERSY, AND "THE ACADEMY STUDY"
In 1943, Congress passed the Emergency (Wartime) Maternity and I n f a n t Care Act, commonly known as E M I C . This was in response to a pressing need for care of expectant mothers and of infants in the families of servicemen in the various branches of the armed forces. Between 1943 and 1945, the Children's Bureau, under Dr. M a r t h a M. Eliot, expended $70 million, which brought forth a storm of criticism, plus the usual cries of "socialized medicine," "paper work," "low pay," and the like. A committee was appointed. Your guess is wrong, as was mine. BSV was not chairman, but Joseph Wall (President of the Academy from 1944 to 1945) was. BSV was of course a member; all shades of opinion were duly and democratically represented. Dr. Eliot, around w h o m m u c h of the criticism swirled, was one of the Committee. Objections were listed, written, and heard. T h e result was m u c h "coming r o u n d " by all concerned, with ultimate benefit to the children. In 1946 came the National Health Bill (Wagner-Murray-Dingell) and the "Pepper Bill," providing for substantial expansion of existing State programs of Child Health and Welfare, which were opposed, to the amazement of the conservative element, by that admittedly honest radical, Allan Butler of
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Boston. T h e latter gave no less t h a n 13 reasons for his opposition. BSV, who h a d come to be regarded as the elder statesman, joined him in opposition to what appeared to be extension of wartime emergency methods into peacetime. F r o m the vantage of fifteen years' retrospect, Dr. M a r t h a Eliot, who at the time had to take bitter criticism from m a n y of pediatrics' officialdom, all close associates of BSV, now writes the following: "Borden was very helpful and understanding, though perhaps not 100 per cent in agreement with the Children's Bureau (or maybe I should say my) point of view when the A.A.P. Executive Board was so upset over EMIC and the Pepper Bill. He showed this most thoughtfully when'Henry Helmholz approached him first at the meeting of the American Pediatric Society in Atlantic City in 1944. . . . Henry had had the idea of a "Child Health Study" . . . and I of course concurred most warmly. Henry went first to Borden Veeder, and between them the plan began to take shape. Borden was always most friendly to the Children's Bureau because he saw and wanted to see what it was slowly accomplishing for children. . . . "I was fond of him from the days when I used to see him occasionally in the St. Louis Children's Hospital when I was Assistant Resident with Dr. Marriott."
Borden S. Veeder
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character of the physician, second, his education. And it is not dependent on the method by which the doctor is paid." T h e Academy Study of Child H e a l t h Services, b e g u n in 1946, was the most comprehensive survey of its kind ever u n d e r t a k e n - a n d c o m p l e t e d - - b y medical m e n a n d women. T h r e e groups, which of course had to cooperate, did so, smoothly, a n d creditably: the Academy, the U n i t e d States Public Health Service, a n d the Children's Bureau (both staff a n d Medical Advisory C o m m i t t e e ) . A Steering Committee of nine pediatricians was appointed from the Academy, the A m e r i c a n Pediatric Society, a n d the Advisory C o m m i t tee of the Children's Bureau. BSV was one of the three from the American Pediatric Society. At the local level, we who were responsible for the "Missouri Study," leaned heavily on BSV for advice a n d encouragement, a n d got both. "A MAN MUST
THAT
SHOW
HATH
HIMSELF
FRIENDS FRIENDLY" Proverbs 18:24
At friendship, BSV is indeed proverbial. T o do justice to "Letters From His Friends" would require more space than all of the foregoing. I have already quoted from three. With apologies to the writers for the necessarily merciless abridgment, here are excerpts from only 11 more :
About 1947, my own notion a n d that of so m a n y others, that BSV was a statesman who could be counted on to take the enlightened view, was confirmed. I t was during the " c a m p a i g n " to break d o w n racial barriers in the Missouri State Medical Association, the St. Louis Medical Society, a n d in the Academy of Pediatrics itself. All concerned knew that he was on the right, the unprejudiced, side, although he never took the role of agitator. Educated, scientific m e n a n d women being what they are, the outcome was of course inevitable as it was desirable. This quality of statesmanship is recognized by Dr. Pease? I n b e g i n n i n g the Section on the Academy Study of Child H e a l t h Services he quotes from BSV:
Dr. Lee Forrest Hill: "I have been most impressed by his tremendous capacity to make friends, both here and abroad."
"It is my sincere belief that medical care for the child is dependent on 2 things: first, the
Dr. Grover F. Powers: "He is known throughout the pediatric world, and justly held in
Dr. Clifford ("Cliff") Grulee: "I remember one incident very clearly . . . . We all engaged in conversation for the good of the order. It was of this crowd that Borden was one. . . . We decided to recommend Andy Aldrich for Secretary of the American Board of Pediatrics--an excellent choice . . . . Later in Washington Tom Cooley and I ran into Borden and one or two others. They informed us that the group was going to recommend a man we alI disliked. Tom and I immediately began to imitate Vesuvius in eruption. It was quite a while before we learned that it was all a hoax by Borden."
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high esteem as clinician, practitioner, editor, teacher . . . . Even more notable . . . generosity and wisdom in counseling those in need of guidance . . . . Dedicated leadership in the organizational aspects of his profession." Dr. Edwin H. Rohlfing (BSV's associate in private practice for many years, thus definitely in a position to know): "BSV is a gentleman. I never saw him lose his composure--always pretty sure of himself, but a good listener when he was trying to get the other fellow's exact position." Dr. M. Hayward Post (Ophthalmologist, one of BSV's closest associates in St. Louis): "Much as I love Borden, I find it very hard to give any specific instances illustrative of his personality. The things I might say, such as his devotion to Vera and to his friends, would not help except as indications of his lovable character." Dr. Warren R. Sisson: " H e was a pupil of my father at Colgate, and a classmate of my brothers. I was the younger nuisance-brother . . . . He has been the most popular member of our pediatric group. Borden is so respected . . . because of his intelligence, his willingness to see all sides of a question." Dr. Edward B. Shaw: " I think I first knew him when the Board of Pediatrics was organized . . . . It was decided that most of the Board could be flunked if they were asked the right questions . . . . I quickly learned that it was a mistake to ask his opinion of anything unless you were prepared to hear it." Dr. Edwards A. Park: "Borden has ever been a liberal and a progressive, but always within the limits of practicality and common sense . . . . He has always been actuated by the needs of the child, not . . . by advantages to the pediatrician . . . . He is the Eider Statesman of child welfare in this country." Dr. Alexis F. Hartmann: "Borden has been of the greatest help in the difficult job of succeeding M c K i m Marriott in our department at Washington University. I have always looked forward to his dropping in to discuss an articIe for the JOURNAL or anything else. He has made me feel that he has a warm regard for both me and the Department."
,Dr. Park ]. White: "When I came to St. Louis from New York in 1920, a space-occupying lesion presuma.bly benign, BSV made me feel more and more like a pediatrician; he got me jobs which even paid--a little; in an article which we wrote on congenital syphilis, he demonstrated his amazing ability to get more out of statistics than
February 1960
anyone I had met. H e helped me get started, just as he did the Academy. It was his advice (and Alexis Hartmann's) I asked when I began considering retirement from private practice." T e s t i m o n i a l s ? T h e s e are but a v e r y small sample ! So we m u s t agree, for once, w i t h M a c b e t h , w h e n he says t h a t h o n o r , love, . . . troops of friends should a c c o m p a n y old age. " O l d a g e " is at least d e b a t a b l e as a p p l i e d to B S V . W i t h h o n o r , love, a n d friends he is b o u n t i fully supplied. A n d h e deserves it.
V e r a A n g e r t V e e d e r died this m o r n i n g , Sept. 23, 1959, h e r s u d d e n a n d m e r c i f u l d e a t h b r i n g i n g to a close a long p e r i o d of suffering, b r a v e l y a n d e v e n c h e e r f u l l y b o r n e by b o t h herself a n d h e r d e v o t e d h u s b a n d . T h i s e v e n i n g I spent a h a l f h o u r w i t h B S V , before t o m o r r o w ' s r u s h of friends a n d relatives. I c a n describe it o n l y a s - - t o m e - - a n inspiration. As I left, I t h o u g h t a g a i n of T h o m a s M o o r e ' s line, " T h o u m o r e t h a n soldier." My thanks are due Mrs. Veeder for her help. Plutarch was wrong when (via Cato) he repented trusting a secret to a woman. He did not know Vera Veeder who helped me compile data on BSV during her last itlness and never disclosed to him her knowledge of this FESTSCHRIFT.
Also to Drs. Philip A. Shaffer and Alexis F. Hartmann go my thanks for their help. PARK
J.
W H I T E , M.D.
ST. LOUIS,
MO.
REFERENCES 1. Robinson, G. Canby: Adventures in Medical Education, Cambridge, Mass., 1957, Harvard University Press. 2. Calendar of U. S. Army Base Hospital Unit No. 21, kindly furnished by Mr. Justin J. Jackson of St. Ann, Mo., through Dr. Wm. H. Olmsted of St. Louis, in World War I a First Lieutenant With Unit 21. 3. Stlmson, Julia: Finding Themselves, New York, 1918, The Macmillan Co. Mr. Jackson and Dr. Olmsted loaned me this book also. 4. Activities, Base Hospital 21, France, May, 1917-April, 1919, p. 24. Also obtained from Mr. Jackson and Dr. Olmsted. 5. Pease, Marshall C.: History of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1951, Americar/ Academy of Pediatrics.
The Journal o/ P E D I A T R I C S
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Borden S Veeder "A *vise man and a scribe" 1 Chronicles 27..32
K I N O D A V I D ' S U N C L E should have been proud to bear this double title--one which only in part does justice to Borden S. Veeder. He has been and is a wise man, giver and receiver of friendship, lover of the arts, family man, scribe, Compleat Pediatrician in the full Walton-Davison sense, "leader of his generation," and medical statesman. Like his 2-year-old patients, he gets into everything. The one thing cryptic about Borden Veeder is his middle name--Smith. For the sake of what brevity my subject will allow, be will hereinafter appear as BSV. " W H A T M A N N E R OF M A N " . . .
?"
Matthew 8:27 BSV was born in Fonda, New York, Aug. 21, 1883, the son of James Lansing and Jenny Smith Veeder. His Dutch background may account for his determination to get things done. Yet, throughout a career which it is an understatement to call successful, BSV has all too often had to manifest "the serenity to accept the things he could not change" (attributed to Reinhold Niebuhr). His father died when BSV was 6 years old--his first unavoidable adjustment. Although his mother remarried later, she bore the responsibility for his earlier years. One of BSV's stepbrothers was George Spearl, who became one of St. Louis' best-known architects; with James P. Jamieson he designed many of Washington University's finest build-
ings. A stepsister, Charlotte, a nurse, shared ownership of a camp in the Adirondacks with BSV. They were most congenial and gave each other much-needed companionship. All too soon, tragedy struck again. She died at 40; and another major adjustment was required of BSV. Shortly after finishing his medical training, illness compelled BSV to be inactive for 2 years. Recovery fortunately was complete, but so thorough was his adjustment that he has been able to master the philosophy of living from day to day. BSV remained a popular bachelor until he was 47, living most of the time at the St. Louis University Club from 1919 until his marriage Sept. 15, 1930, to Mrs. Vera Giannini Angert, widow of Eugene Angert, prominent St. Louis attorney. He was the pediatrician for her son and two daughters until they "outgrew him" medically. It was characteristic of his sensitivity to the various aspects of a situation that, in the summer he and Mrs. Angert became engaged, they "all got together" for a month at a ranch in New Mexico. BSV wanted to be sure that he and the children would get along well before he married their mother. (This was told me by one of the Angert girls.) ,The matter of their getting along was never in doubt! It is safe to say that the same is true of the four grandchildren who have since appeared upon the family scene. During recent years, Mrs. Veeder's crippling spinal disorder kept her from the ac-
1 40
White
February 1960
Fig. 1. The Veeder-Angert family, I946. rive, gracious social life for which she was so well known. As one might expect, she and BSV coped gallantly with the situation, BSV simply letting it be known that he was not available for outside activities, especially in the evening. Ever an outdoor man, BSV not only played golf, but also fared into the wilds to hunt and to fish. His intimate friend, Edwin H. Steedman of St. Louis, writes: "On a trip to Alaska, we were accompanied by Mrs. Steedman and Edward Mallinckrodt, J r . Unknowingly we killed a mother bear. She left two young cubs which we adopted. Borden was not only doctor but nurse. The development of a satisfactory
formula for these cubs I am sure taxed all of his ingenuity. The fact that these two Kodiaks were on view at the St. Louis Zoo until just recently proved the success of his efforts." They died of old age. Like Osler, Graeme Mitchell, and all too few others, BSV has much extracurricular knowledge and many varied interests. So far as I know, he plays no musical instrument, yet he has been an inveterate concert goer and a keen appreciator and critic of music. He has not turned out the amazingly good paintings and etchings which the remarkable "Dr. Pottlesmith" (Graeme Mitchell) produced, but his collections, especially of etchings, and his knowledge of and interest
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Number 2
Borden S. Feeder
in the g r a p h i c arts, " p u t h i m up there" with Graeme, a n d would have d r a w n the two together even h a d they not h a d so m a n y other things in common, including their talents as raconteurs. I n " h u m a n e letters," B S V has been not only the critic, but the excising editor. H e is a creative writer " t h a t needeth not to be a s h a m e d . " H e is one of those who have things to say, a n d who can both say a n d write t h e m in a way inviting attention. Like Jefferson, Lincoln, a n d Franklin, BSV has not, in his a d u l t life, been church centered, or even a church m e m b e r . H e was brought u p in the D u t c h R e f o r m e d Church. Like the m e n mentioned, he has p u t complete h o n e s t y - - t r u t h - - a t the center of his l i f e - - n o t a b a d idea; a n d one r a t h e r likely to be " a p p r o v e d of G o d . " H e has shown himself to be both judicial a n d judicious and might well be called " T h e Just." BSV: COMPLEAT
PEDIATRICIAN Walton-Davison
"After graduation from Colgate Academy and College, N. Y. (Colgate University gave him the honorary degree of Sc.D. in 1929) BSV received his M.D. degree from the University of Pennsylvania in I907. He interned in the University Hospital, then went to Berlin for a year of study. Upon his return, he became demonstrator in pathology, University of Pennsylvania, and Pathologist at St. Christopher's Hospital for Children. "In 1911 he went to St. Louis to develop with Dr. Howland a Department of Pediatrics at Washington University. He carried not only the charge of the entire department after Dr. Howland's departure, but reorganized the Children's 9 Hospital. "Blessed with a sane, common-sense outlook on life, Borden Veeder has developed a remarkably successful combination of practitioner and educator." These p a r a g r a p h s are taken from the semicentennial v o l u m e o f the A m e r i c a n Pediatric Society, 1938. I n his most interesting book, Adventures in Medical Education, Dr. G. C a n b y Robinson ~ (p. 102) describes the reorganization of the W a s h i n g t o n University School of Medicine (1909-1910) as "one of the most . . .
14 1
d r a m a t i c events in the history of A m e r i c a n education," paying tribute to the generosity a n d foresight of R o b e r t S. Brookings (a friend of B S V ) , the businessman so largely responsible for it. Dr. Robinson continues: "In April, 1909, [page 102] Dr. Abraham Flexner, under the general direction of Henry S. Pritchett, president of the Carnegie Foundation, inspected the medical department of Washington University as part of his national study of medical e d u c a t i o n . . . "Flexner's report came as a shock to Mr. Brookings. He 'Found the school a little better than the worst I had seen elsewhere, but absolutely inadequate in every respect.' " "The St. Louis Children's Hospital, then occupying an antiquated building, was (like Barnes Hospital) also interested in a new plant, and in affiliating with the University." (p. 113.) "The Children's Hospital had as the President of its Board Mrs. Robert McKittrick Jones, who combined unusual qualities of leadership with vision, energy, and charm comparable with those of Brookings." (p. 117.)
Fig. 2. BSV at Sunlight Ranch, Cody, Wyoming, summer of 1932.
14 2
White
Mrs. Jones worked intensively with BSV and later (1915) with M c K i m Marriott to develop the Children's Hospital into the leading institution which it became. "In 1910, George Dock was made Professor of Medicine and Dean, with such great men as Opie, Erlanger, Shaffer, and Terry on the Executive Faculty. The Rockefeller Institute and the Johns Hopkins Medical School were two of the main sources of recruitment of the younger men. John Howland (Hopkins) was Professor of Pediatrics. (He resigned after a few months to return to Baltimore, and BSV took over the department until 1915.) In Biochemistry, Dr. Philip A. Shaffer, then not yet 30, brought with him from Cornell Dr. W. McKim Marriott. Among the 'other young men' was Borden Veeder, from Philadelphia, in Clinical Pediatrics." (p. 119.) "In 1915, E. L. Opie resigned as Dean, and Dr. Philip A. Shaffer succeeded him, and the Medical School was under his guidance when the Departments of Medicine and Surgery and Pediatrics 'went on full time' and required adjustment and extension." (p. 137.) It was then that M c K i m Marriott turned from biochemistry to pediatrics, after a brief training period in its clinical aspects, and became full-time professor. Philip C. Jeans, Jean V. Cooke, and Samuel W. C l a u s e n - a great trio---were appointed as full-time assistants. BSV's "power to adjust" was called upon, and he responded. Here was a clinician whose organizing ability and whose knack at pioneering new enterprises were clear to all and who was big enough and sufficiently trained to see the importance of full-time laboratory research men to medical education and progress. H e has never been one to look askance at such research and teaching or to mislabel it "ivory-tower" in contrast to "practical" medicine. As elsewhere, the Veeder type and the Marriott type were and are both needed in pediatrics. Both men realized this and "went along" in intimate friendship, to the great and lasting benefit of pediatrics in the Middle West and throughout the nation. Compleat pediatrician? With all his extracurricular activities, we are likely to overlook the fact that throughout his life in St. Louis,
February 1960
except for his service in World W a r I and until retirement about 2 years ago, BSV has been a private practitioner. It is true that he could not permit himself to be as hyperactively involved in practice as others. A "huge" practice, all-consuming as it is, would actually have been wrong for him. H e has been fortunate in having as his associate Dr. " E d " Rohlfing, who has done so m u c h to prolong BSV's professional and temporal life. As his stepdaughter relates, BSV was so interested in his patients that he "often spent hours discussing marital problems with couples, at times preventing divorce, and probably even suicide." "THOU
MORE
THAN
SOLDIER" Thomas Moore
T h e entry of the United States into World War I in April, 1917, required of BSV as of m a n y others, a further major adjustment. O n M a y 16, 1917, American Red Cross Unit No.
Fig. 3. BSV, World War I.
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Number 2
21 was called to active duty as U. S. A r m y Base H o s p i t a l U n i t No. 21, often referred to as the " W a s h i n g t o n University U n i t . " O n June 12, the U n i t took over British General Hospital No. 12, Rouen, France, a n d saw continuous duty for a year. B S V was at first a C a p t a i n M.C. A note in the U n i t ' s "Cale n d a r ''2 d a t e d M a y 15, 1918, reads: " M a j o r ( F r e d ) M u r p h y left. M a j o r V e e d e r in Comm a n d . " B S V soon became L i e u t e n a n t - C o l onel, then Colonel. Miss J u l i a Stimson, ~ Chief Nurse of the Unit, wrote to her family July 8, 1917, as follows : "Dr. Veeder can do no medical work at all just now . . . . At present he is spending his time quartermastering. He is responsible for the Officers' mess, does all the buying, planning, arranging about cooks, cleaning up, etc., and he is doing it well, too, and with mighty good grace . . . performing all sorts of miracles that only a very persistent and determined man can do . . . . It is so absolutely different from what he was trained for and what he would prefer." I n "Activities, Base H o s p i t a l 21, France," p. 24, 4 we read, "Lt. Col. V e e d e r was m a d e a C o m p a n i o n of the o r d e r of St. M i c h a e l a n d St. George ( C . M . G . ) by the British Government." F i n a l "vignettes" from a letter by Dr. James B. Costen of St. Louis, now a distinguished otolaryngologist, then a "non-com with the outfit": "As C.O. of the outfit, Veeder came in for all the gripes that the boys in the army indulge in. If the rations (all British) got skinny and we fell back on stewed Australian jack-rabbit, it was all his fault." Dr. Costen bears witness, as do many, to BSV's tendency to befriend a n d to c h a m p i o n the underdog. "It was de[endu to send a certain snapshot of myself and others to Carolyn, my wife. However, I did. The censor discovered it, and made a big case of it. Veeder interceded, had the whole thing pitched out, saved my neck. "Veeder administered the 'Officers' Fund,' a sum collected from all the officers and reserved to help the men of the outfit in later years. Dr.
Borden S. Veeder
14 3
Clopton gave a large sum. For at least 40 years after the war, Dr. Veeder dispensed it to the boys for sickness, unemployment, and for funerals. He and Harold Jolley finally decided to spend the last few hundred dollars for a big dinner, inviting every one of the enlisted men still living. It was a fine affair at the University Club." "ORGANIZATION
MAN"
I well recall when I came to St. Louis from N e w York in 1920 it was BSV who was in charge of the well-baby clinics of the city a n d who bore the b r u n t of the criticism of private practitioners t h a t such clinics represented "socialized m e d i c i n e " and interfered with their rights. I n time, some of those loudest in opposition came to see the need for such clinics, especially as the i m m u n i z a t i o n p r o g r a m developed for those unable to pay. Perhaps the most notable of BSV's contributions to St. L o u i s - - a n d they have been m a n y - - i s his work for the St. Louis C h a p t e r of the R e d Cross. Mr. O ' C o n n o r of the R e d Cross tells m e t h a t B S V has been active at practically every peace-time meeting of the Board since 1919. H e was C h a p t e r C h a i r m a n in 1945 a n d 1946 a n d has been on the Board until the present time. D u r i n g a n d for three days after "St. Louis' second-worst t o r n a d o " in 1927, BSV, says Dr. Rohlfing, "simply d i s a p p e a r e d from his practice a n d from everything e l s e " - - e x c e p t directing the work of R e d Cross relief. I t was a job which h a d to be done. I t is p r o b a b l y in n a t i o n a l pediatric organization work t h a t BSV's judicial a n d judicious t e m p e r a m e n t a n d his statesmanship have been most evident. H e has long been a m e m b e r of the pioneer pediatric g r o u p ( f o u n d e d in 1883 when he was 5 years o l d ) , the A m e r i c a n Pediatric Society. Almost ipso facto he was its President in 1934. I n the History of the American A c a d e m y of Pediatrics, by Dr. Marshall C. Pease, 5 1951, B S V is m e n t i o n e d 34 times, a n u m b e r exceeded only by his intimate friend throughout the years, "Cliff" Grulee, with 48 references. T h e "embryology" of the A c a d e m y dates
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back to the difficulties between the Pediatric Section of the A.M.A. and its ever-conservative House of Delegates over the SheppardTowner Act in 1922. T h e Academy's period of gestation seems to have been 9 years instead of months, for it was not born until 1931 : "To create reciprocal and friendly relations with all professional and lay organizations interested in the health and protection of children; "To foster and encourage pediatric investigation, both clinically and in the laboratory, by individuals and groups. ''~ Such a group and BSV were made for each other. As Pease succinctly puts it (p. 6 3 ) : "Almost the first act of the Executive Board was to set in motion the machinery which resulted in less than 3 years in the formation of the American Board of Pediatrics (1933). "Dr. Veeder, through his previous connection with the National Board of Medical Examiners, brought to the American Board of Pediatrics a reservoir of practical experience. He had induced the National Board in 1932 to include a separate examination in Pediatrics." (p. 111.) BSV was C h a i r m a n of the Academy's Committee on Medical Education from 1931 to 1941. H e was President from 1942 to t943. I n December, 1937, the Academy 5 "accepted an offer of an honorarium from M e a d Johnson & Co. for research." A Committee was formed to draw up rules of operation. The Chairman? BSV. T h e JOURNAL OF PEI)IATRIGSwas launched in July, 1932, ~ only 2 years after the adoption of the Academy's Constitution in Detroit. "Compliance with the request of The C. V. Mosby Co. in 1931 for the appointment of an Editor from among the pediatricians of St. Louis was a simple matter . . . . Borden Veeder and Hugh McCulloch were inevitable selections for the post. ''5 They were co-editors from 1932 to 1947, and with a distinguished Editorial Board made it an important and valuable journal for pediatric practitioners, investigators, and students.BSV carried on alone as Editor until 1958, when he shared the editorship with Dr. Waldo E. Nelson, who has since taken
February 1960
over, with the enthusiastic support of BSV. "The failure of the Academy to own its official organ of expression was by 1946-1947 a matter of growing concern. ''5 At the annual meeting in Pittsburgh in 1947, it was BSV who offered a resolution to publish the Academy-owned Journal, to be named "Pediatrics." The resolution passed, and H u g h McCulloch became Editor of the new Journal, with its own new Editorial Board. Its first issue appeared in January, 1948. BSV's articles and editorials, bearing the stamp of his judicial mind, cannot be listed here. His books are Preventive Pediatrics, and, with Sidney I. Schwab, The Adolescent,
his Conflicts and Escapes. "EMIC," CONTROVERSY, AND "THE ACADEMY STUDY"
In 1943, Congress passed the Emergency (Wartime) Maternity and I n f a n t Care Act, commonly known as E M I C . This was in response to a pressing need for care of expectant mothers and of infants in the families of servicemen in the various branches of the armed forces. Between 1943 and 1945, the Children's Bureau, under Dr. M a r t h a M. Eliot, expended $70 million, which brought forth a storm of criticism, plus the usual cries of "socialized medicine," "paper work," "low pay," and the like. A committee was appointed. Your guess is wrong, as was mine. BSV was not chairman, but Joseph Wall (President of the Academy from 1944 to 1945) was. BSV was of course a member; all shades of opinion were duly and democratically represented. Dr. Eliot, around w h o m m u c h of the criticism swirled, was one of the Committee. Objections were listed, written, and heard. T h e result was m u c h "coming r o u n d " by all concerned, with ultimate benefit to the children. In 1946 came the National Health Bill (Wagner-Murray-Dingell) and the "Pepper Bill," providing for substantial expansion of existing State programs of Child Health and Welfare, which were opposed, to the amazement of the conservative element, by that admittedly honest radical, Allan Butler of
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Number 2
Boston. T h e latter gave no less t h a n 13 reasons for his opposition. BSV, who h a d come to be regarded as the elder statesman, joined him in opposition to what appeared to be extension of wartime emergency methods into peacetime. F r o m the vantage of fifteen years' retrospect, Dr. M a r t h a Eliot, who at the time had to take bitter criticism from m a n y of pediatrics' officialdom, all close associates of BSV, now writes the following: "Borden was very helpful and understanding, though perhaps not 100 per cent in agreement with the Children's Bureau (or maybe I should say my) point of view when the A.A.P. Executive Board was so upset over EMIC and the Pepper Bill. He showed this most thoughtfully when'Henry Helmholz approached him first at the meeting of the American Pediatric Society in Atlantic City in 1944. . . . Henry had had the idea of a "Child Health Study" . . . and I of course concurred most warmly. Henry went first to Borden Veeder, and between them the plan began to take shape. Borden was always most friendly to the Children's Bureau because he saw and wanted to see what it was slowly accomplishing for children. . . . "I was fond of him from the days when I used to see him occasionally in the St. Louis Children's Hospital when I was Assistant Resident with Dr. Marriott."
Borden S. Veeder
14 5
character of the physician, second, his education. And it is not dependent on the method by which the doctor is paid." T h e Academy Study of Child H e a l t h Services, b e g u n in 1946, was the most comprehensive survey of its kind ever u n d e r t a k e n - a n d c o m p l e t e d - - b y medical m e n a n d women. T h r e e groups, which of course had to cooperate, did so, smoothly, a n d creditably: the Academy, the U n i t e d States Public Health Service, a n d the Children's Bureau (both staff a n d Medical Advisory C o m m i t t e e ) . A Steering Committee of nine pediatricians was appointed from the Academy, the A m e r i c a n Pediatric Society, a n d the Advisory C o m m i t tee of the Children's Bureau. BSV was one of the three from the American Pediatric Society. At the local level, we who were responsible for the "Missouri Study," leaned heavily on BSV for advice a n d encouragement, a n d got both. "A MAN MUST
THAT
SHOW
HATH
HIMSELF
FRIENDS FRIENDLY" Proverbs 18:24
At friendship, BSV is indeed proverbial. T o do justice to "Letters From His Friends" would require more space than all of the foregoing. I have already quoted from three. With apologies to the writers for the necessarily merciless abridgment, here are excerpts from only 11 more :
About 1947, my own notion a n d that of so m a n y others, that BSV was a statesman who could be counted on to take the enlightened view, was confirmed. I t was during the " c a m p a i g n " to break d o w n racial barriers in the Missouri State Medical Association, the St. Louis Medical Society, a n d in the Academy of Pediatrics itself. All concerned knew that he was on the right, the unprejudiced, side, although he never took the role of agitator. Educated, scientific m e n a n d women being what they are, the outcome was of course inevitable as it was desirable. This quality of statesmanship is recognized by Dr. Pease? I n b e g i n n i n g the Section on the Academy Study of Child H e a l t h Services he quotes from BSV:
Dr. Lee Forrest Hill: "I have been most impressed by his tremendous capacity to make friends, both here and abroad."
"It is my sincere belief that medical care for the child is dependent on 2 things: first, the
Dr. Grover F. Powers: "He is known throughout the pediatric world, and justly held in
Dr. Clifford ("Cliff") Grulee: "I remember one incident very clearly . . . . We all engaged in conversation for the good of the order. It was of this crowd that Borden was one. . . . We decided to recommend Andy Aldrich for Secretary of the American Board of Pediatrics--an excellent choice . . . . Later in Washington Tom Cooley and I ran into Borden and one or two others. They informed us that the group was going to recommend a man we alI disliked. Tom and I immediately began to imitate Vesuvius in eruption. It was quite a while before we learned that it was all a hoax by Borden."
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high esteem as clinician, practitioner, editor, teacher . . . . Even more notable . . . generosity and wisdom in counseling those in need of guidance . . . . Dedicated leadership in the organizational aspects of his profession." Dr. Edwin H. Rohlfing (BSV's associate in private practice for many years, thus definitely in a position to know): "BSV is a gentleman. I never saw him lose his composure--always pretty sure of himself, but a good listener when he was trying to get the other fellow's exact position." Dr. M. Hayward Post (Ophthalmologist, one of BSV's closest associates in St. Louis): "Much as I love Borden, I find it very hard to give any specific instances illustrative of his personality. The things I might say, such as his devotion to Vera and to his friends, would not help except as indications of his lovable character." Dr. Warren R. Sisson: " H e was a pupil of my father at Colgate, and a classmate of my brothers. I was the younger nuisance-brother . . . . He has been the most popular member of our pediatric group. Borden is so respected . . . because of his intelligence, his willingness to see all sides of a question." Dr. Edward B. Shaw: " I think I first knew him when the Board of Pediatrics was organized . . . . It was decided that most of the Board could be flunked if they were asked the right questions . . . . I quickly learned that it was a mistake to ask his opinion of anything unless you were prepared to hear it." Dr. Edwards A. Park: "Borden has ever been a liberal and a progressive, but always within the limits of practicality and common sense . . . . He has always been actuated by the needs of the child, not . . . by advantages to the pediatrician . . . . He is the Eider Statesman of child welfare in this country." Dr. Alexis F. Hartmann: "Borden has been of the greatest help in the difficult job of succeeding M c K i m Marriott in our department at Washington University. I have always looked forward to his dropping in to discuss an articIe for the JOURNAL or anything else. He has made me feel that he has a warm regard for both me and the Department."
,Dr. Park ]. White: "When I came to St. Louis from New York in 1920, a space-occupying lesion presuma.bly benign, BSV made me feel more and more like a pediatrician; he got me jobs which even paid--a little; in an article which we wrote on congenital syphilis, he demonstrated his amazing ability to get more out of statistics than
February 1960
anyone I had met. H e helped me get started, just as he did the Academy. It was his advice (and Alexis Hartmann's) I asked when I began considering retirement from private practice." T e s t i m o n i a l s ? T h e s e are but a v e r y small sample ! So we m u s t agree, for once, w i t h M a c b e t h , w h e n he says t h a t h o n o r , love, . . . troops of friends should a c c o m p a n y old age. " O l d a g e " is at least d e b a t a b l e as a p p l i e d to B S V . W i t h h o n o r , love, a n d friends he is b o u n t i fully supplied. A n d h e deserves it.
V e r a A n g e r t V e e d e r died this m o r n i n g , Sept. 23, 1959, h e r s u d d e n a n d m e r c i f u l d e a t h b r i n g i n g to a close a long p e r i o d of suffering, b r a v e l y a n d e v e n c h e e r f u l l y b o r n e by b o t h herself a n d h e r d e v o t e d h u s b a n d . T h i s e v e n i n g I spent a h a l f h o u r w i t h B S V , before t o m o r r o w ' s r u s h of friends a n d relatives. I c a n describe it o n l y a s - - t o m e - - a n inspiration. As I left, I t h o u g h t a g a i n of T h o m a s M o o r e ' s line, " T h o u m o r e t h a n soldier." My thanks are due Mrs. Veeder for her help. Plutarch was wrong when (via Cato) he repented trusting a secret to a woman. He did not know Vera Veeder who helped me compile data on BSV during her last itlness and never disclosed to him her knowledge of this FESTSCHRIFT.
Also to Drs. Philip A. Shaffer and Alexis F. Hartmann go my thanks for their help. PARK
J.
W H I T E , M.D.
ST. LOUIS,
MO.
REFERENCES 1. Robinson, G. Canby: Adventures in Medical Education, Cambridge, Mass., 1957, Harvard University Press. 2. Calendar of U. S. Army Base Hospital Unit No. 21, kindly furnished by Mr. Justin J. Jackson of St. Ann, Mo., through Dr. Wm. H. Olmsted of St. Louis, in World War I a First Lieutenant With Unit 21. 3. Stlmson, Julia: Finding Themselves, New York, 1918, The Macmillan Co. Mr. Jackson and Dr. Olmsted loaned me this book also. 4. Activities, Base Hospital 21, France, May, 1917-April, 1919, p. 24. Also obtained from Mr. Jackson and Dr. Olmsted. 5. Pease, Marshall C.: History of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 1951, Americar/ Academy of Pediatrics.