- Email: [email protected]
Breakfast cereal consumption and incident obesity: 12 years analyses of the Australian longitudinal study on women's health
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Abstracts / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (2017) 60e121
acid (EPA, 20:5u3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6u3) improve tissue DHA levels and reduce cardiovascular risk, whereas the influence of plant oils rich in stearidonic acid (SDA) on increasing tissue DHA is limited. We aimed to evaluate whether EO promotes tissue uptake of DHA when long-chain (LC) u3PUFA is present in the diet. Methods: Rats were fed diets containing 5% fat (w/w) as lard (control), SDA-rich echium oil (EO), fish oil (FO), or EO:FO blends (EO at 2, 3 and 4% mixed with FO at 3, 2 and 1% w/w respectively). After 12 weeks plasma, liver, heart and kidney fatty acid composition was determined. Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA and a Tukey post hoc test. Results: Both EO and FO (5% w/w) supplementation increased EPA in all tissues (p < 0.05). FO increased DHA levels, but EO only increased EPA and DPA (docosapentaenoic acid; 22:5u3), not DHA. Blending FO with EO enhanced tissue DHA levels, with as little as 1% FO doubling the level of DHA in heart tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary SDA (as EO) did not increase tissue DHA levels, as its elongation/desaturation terminated at DPA. However, this limitation can be corrected by the co-provision of a small amount of FO. Funding source(s): CSIRO Health and Biosecurity
Poster session 2: Dietary strategies for chronic disease P16 FRUIT INTAKE AND ABDOMINAL AORTIC CALCIFICATION IN ELDERLY WOMEN: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY N.P. Bondonno 1, J.R. Lewis 1, R.L. Prince 1, W.H. Lim 1, G. Wong 2, J.T. Schousboe 3, R.J. Woodman 4, D.P. Kiel 5, C.P. Bondonno 1, N.C. Ward 1, K.D. Croft 1, J.M. Hodgson 1. 1 Medicine & Pharmacology, UWA, Australia; 2 Centre for Kidney Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; 3 Park Nicollet Osteoporosis Centre, USA; 4 Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Flinders Uni., Australia; 5 Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, USA E-mail address: [email protected] (N.P. Bondonno). Background/Aims: There is a consistent inverse relationship between fruit intake and CVD events and mortality in cross-sectional and prospective observational studies. The effects of fruit intake on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker for subclinical intimal and medial atherosclerotic vascular disease, have not been studied previously. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship of total and individual fruit (apple, pear, orange and other citrus, and banana) intake with AAC, scored between 0 and 24. Methods: The current study assessed baseline data for a cohort of 1,052 women over 70 years of age (mean age ¼ 75.1 ± 2.7 years) who completed both a food frequency questionnaire assessing fruit intake, and underwent AAC measurement using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average total fruit intake at baseline was 230.9 ± 205.5 g/day. Results: AAC scores were significantly negatively correlated with total fruit and apple intakes (p < 0.05), but not with pear, orange or banana intakes (p > 0.25). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, each SD (50 g/day) increase in apple intake was associated with a 24% lower odds of having severe AAC (AAC score >5), odd ratio (OR): 0.76, 95%CI: 0.62, 0.93; p ¼ 0.009. Total and other individual fruit intake were not associated with increased odds of having severe AAC. Conclusions: Apple but not total or other fruit intake is independently negatively associated with AAC in older women. Funding source(s): Kidney Health Australia; Healthway Health Promotion Foundation of Western Australia; NHMRC P17 DIETARY PATTERNS BY REDUCED RANK REGRESSION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION IN AUSTRALIAN ADULTS K.M. Livingstone, S.A. McNaughton. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (K.M. Livingstone). Background/Aims: Evidence linking dietary patterns (DPs) and obesity and hypertension risk is inconsistent. This cross-sectional study aimed to derive DPs, using reduced rank regression, and investigate their
associations with obesity and hypertension. Methods: Adults (n ¼ 4,908; aged 19 years) were included from the nationally representative Australian Health Survey 2011/13. Reduced rank regression derived DPs from two 24-hour recalls, with dietary energy density (DED), fibre density, and total sugars intake as response variables for obesity, and sodium : potassium, saturated fat (SFA): polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) and fibre density for hypertension. Poisson regression (RR) investigated relationships between DPs and obesity and hypertension. Results: Individuals in the highest tertile of Obesity-DP1 (positively correlated with fibre density and sugars intake and inversely with DED) and Obesity-DP2 (positively correlated with sugars intake and inversely with fibre density) had lower (RR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.81, 0.95) and higher (RR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.18) risk of obesity compared with the lowest tertile, respectively. Hypertension risk was higher in the highest tertile of Hypertension-DP1 (positively correlated with sodium: potassium and SFA: PUFA) compared with the lowest in men only (RR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.69). Hypertension-DP2 was not associated with hypertension. Conclusions: Obesity risk was inversely associated with low-DED, highfibre and sugars diet and positively associated with low-fibre, high-sugars diet. Hypertension risk was higher with high-sodium and SFA diet. These findings highlight the differential obesogenic effects between a diet high in natural sugars and fibre and high in added sugars. Funding source(s): Deakin University, NHMRC P18 BREAKFAST CEREAL CONSUMPTION AND INCIDENT OBESITY: 12 YEARS ANALYSES OF THE AUSTRALIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON WOMEN'S HEALTH A. Quatela 1, A. Patterson 1, R. Callister 2, M. McEvoy 3, L. MacDonaldWicks 1. 1 School of Health Sciences, Australia; 2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Australia; 3 School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Quatela). Background/Aims: The obesity rate among Australian women is 27.5%. Breakfast cereal consumption is thought to be protective against obesity. This study investigated the effect of breakfast cereal consumption on the risk of developing obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2) over 12 years among participants of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health (ALSWH). Methods: Data from Survey 3 (S3) to Survey 7 (S7) inclusive, from the 1946-51 ALSWH cohort were analysed. Dietary data (DQESv2 FFQ) were available at S3 and S7, obesity at S4-S7. Women were excluded if: dietary data were incomplete; they reported existing overweight and obesity cases; or if total energy intake was < 4,500 or > 20,000 kJ. Logistic regression models investigated the association between breakfast cereal intake (yes/no) and incident obesity. Models were adjusted for: education, income, physical activity, smoking, hypertension and dietary intakes. Results: There were 255 (7.8%) incident cases of obesity. Total breakfast cereal intake was not associated with incident obesity (OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.52, 1.21; p ¼ 0.284). There were no significant associations with most individual breakfast cereal types. Muesli consumption was associated with a strong and significant reduction in the risk of developing obesity (OR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.50, 0.92; p ¼ 0.014). Conclusions: Among mid-age Australian women muesli consumption, but no other breakfast cereals, was associated with a reduction in obesity. This effect may be due to a particular profile of muesli eaters that we have not be able to fully adjust for, but the relationship warrants further investigation. Funding source(s): The University of Newcastle P20 IS BREAKFAST CEREAL CONSUMPTION AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY TO PREVENT DIABETES FOR MID-AGE AUSTRALIAN WOMEN? A. Quatela 1, A. Patterson 1, R. Callister 2, M. McEvoy 3, L. MacDonaldWicks 1. 1 School of Health Sciences, Australia; 2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Australia; 3 School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
Abstracts / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (2017) 60e121
acid (EPA, 20:5u3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6u3) improve tissue DHA levels and reduce cardiovascular risk, whereas the influence of plant oils rich in stearidonic acid (SDA) on increasing tissue DHA is limited. We aimed to evaluate whether EO promotes tissue uptake of DHA when long-chain (LC) u3PUFA is present in the diet. Methods: Rats were fed diets containing 5% fat (w/w) as lard (control), SDA-rich echium oil (EO), fish oil (FO), or EO:FO blends (EO at 2, 3 and 4% mixed with FO at 3, 2 and 1% w/w respectively). After 12 weeks plasma, liver, heart and kidney fatty acid composition was determined. Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA and a Tukey post hoc test. Results: Both EO and FO (5% w/w) supplementation increased EPA in all tissues (p < 0.05). FO increased DHA levels, but EO only increased EPA and DPA (docosapentaenoic acid; 22:5u3), not DHA. Blending FO with EO enhanced tissue DHA levels, with as little as 1% FO doubling the level of DHA in heart tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary SDA (as EO) did not increase tissue DHA levels, as its elongation/desaturation terminated at DPA. However, this limitation can be corrected by the co-provision of a small amount of FO. Funding source(s): CSIRO Health and Biosecurity
Poster session 2: Dietary strategies for chronic disease P16 FRUIT INTAKE AND ABDOMINAL AORTIC CALCIFICATION IN ELDERLY WOMEN: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY N.P. Bondonno 1, J.R. Lewis 1, R.L. Prince 1, W.H. Lim 1, G. Wong 2, J.T. Schousboe 3, R.J. Woodman 4, D.P. Kiel 5, C.P. Bondonno 1, N.C. Ward 1, K.D. Croft 1, J.M. Hodgson 1. 1 Medicine & Pharmacology, UWA, Australia; 2 Centre for Kidney Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; 3 Park Nicollet Osteoporosis Centre, USA; 4 Centre for Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Flinders Uni., Australia; 5 Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, USA E-mail address: [email protected] (N.P. Bondonno). Background/Aims: There is a consistent inverse relationship between fruit intake and CVD events and mortality in cross-sectional and prospective observational studies. The effects of fruit intake on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a marker for subclinical intimal and medial atherosclerotic vascular disease, have not been studied previously. The aim of this study was to examine the cross-sectional relationship of total and individual fruit (apple, pear, orange and other citrus, and banana) intake with AAC, scored between 0 and 24. Methods: The current study assessed baseline data for a cohort of 1,052 women over 70 years of age (mean age ¼ 75.1 ± 2.7 years) who completed both a food frequency questionnaire assessing fruit intake, and underwent AAC measurement using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The average total fruit intake at baseline was 230.9 ± 205.5 g/day. Results: AAC scores were significantly negatively correlated with total fruit and apple intakes (p < 0.05), but not with pear, orange or banana intakes (p > 0.25). In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, each SD (50 g/day) increase in apple intake was associated with a 24% lower odds of having severe AAC (AAC score >5), odd ratio (OR): 0.76, 95%CI: 0.62, 0.93; p ¼ 0.009. Total and other individual fruit intake were not associated with increased odds of having severe AAC. Conclusions: Apple but not total or other fruit intake is independently negatively associated with AAC in older women. Funding source(s): Kidney Health Australia; Healthway Health Promotion Foundation of Western Australia; NHMRC P17 DIETARY PATTERNS BY REDUCED RANK REGRESSION ARE ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY AND HYPERTENSION IN AUSTRALIAN ADULTS K.M. Livingstone, S.A. McNaughton. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (K.M. Livingstone). Background/Aims: Evidence linking dietary patterns (DPs) and obesity and hypertension risk is inconsistent. This cross-sectional study aimed to derive DPs, using reduced rank regression, and investigate their
associations with obesity and hypertension. Methods: Adults (n ¼ 4,908; aged 19 years) were included from the nationally representative Australian Health Survey 2011/13. Reduced rank regression derived DPs from two 24-hour recalls, with dietary energy density (DED), fibre density, and total sugars intake as response variables for obesity, and sodium : potassium, saturated fat (SFA): polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) and fibre density for hypertension. Poisson regression (RR) investigated relationships between DPs and obesity and hypertension. Results: Individuals in the highest tertile of Obesity-DP1 (positively correlated with fibre density and sugars intake and inversely with DED) and Obesity-DP2 (positively correlated with sugars intake and inversely with fibre density) had lower (RR: 0.88; 95%CI: 0.81, 0.95) and higher (RR: 1.09; 95%CI: 1.01, 1.18) risk of obesity compared with the lowest tertile, respectively. Hypertension risk was higher in the highest tertile of Hypertension-DP1 (positively correlated with sodium: potassium and SFA: PUFA) compared with the lowest in men only (RR: 1.33; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.69). Hypertension-DP2 was not associated with hypertension. Conclusions: Obesity risk was inversely associated with low-DED, highfibre and sugars diet and positively associated with low-fibre, high-sugars diet. Hypertension risk was higher with high-sodium and SFA diet. These findings highlight the differential obesogenic effects between a diet high in natural sugars and fibre and high in added sugars. Funding source(s): Deakin University, NHMRC P18 BREAKFAST CEREAL CONSUMPTION AND INCIDENT OBESITY: 12 YEARS ANALYSES OF THE AUSTRALIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON WOMEN'S HEALTH A. Quatela 1, A. Patterson 1, R. Callister 2, M. McEvoy 3, L. MacDonaldWicks 1. 1 School of Health Sciences, Australia; 2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Australia; 3 School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Quatela). Background/Aims: The obesity rate among Australian women is 27.5%. Breakfast cereal consumption is thought to be protective against obesity. This study investigated the effect of breakfast cereal consumption on the risk of developing obesity (BMI 30 kg/m2) over 12 years among participants of the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health (ALSWH). Methods: Data from Survey 3 (S3) to Survey 7 (S7) inclusive, from the 1946-51 ALSWH cohort were analysed. Dietary data (DQESv2 FFQ) were available at S3 and S7, obesity at S4-S7. Women were excluded if: dietary data were incomplete; they reported existing overweight and obesity cases; or if total energy intake was < 4,500 or > 20,000 kJ. Logistic regression models investigated the association between breakfast cereal intake (yes/no) and incident obesity. Models were adjusted for: education, income, physical activity, smoking, hypertension and dietary intakes. Results: There were 255 (7.8%) incident cases of obesity. Total breakfast cereal intake was not associated with incident obesity (OR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.52, 1.21; p ¼ 0.284). There were no significant associations with most individual breakfast cereal types. Muesli consumption was associated with a strong and significant reduction in the risk of developing obesity (OR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.50, 0.92; p ¼ 0.014). Conclusions: Among mid-age Australian women muesli consumption, but no other breakfast cereals, was associated with a reduction in obesity. This effect may be due to a particular profile of muesli eaters that we have not be able to fully adjust for, but the relationship warrants further investigation. Funding source(s): The University of Newcastle P20 IS BREAKFAST CEREAL CONSUMPTION AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY TO PREVENT DIABETES FOR MID-AGE AUSTRALIAN WOMEN? A. Quatela 1, A. Patterson 1, R. Callister 2, M. McEvoy 3, L. MacDonaldWicks 1. 1 School of Health Sciences, Australia; 2 School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Australia; 3 School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia