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Calcium cyanamide production
264
CURRENT T o P I c s ,
[J. F. I.
A p p r o x i m a t e M e l t i n g - P o i n t s of S o m e C o m m e r c i a l Copper Alloys. H . W . GILBERT and A. B. I'N'tORTON.(Amer. Inst. of Metals, Oct., I 9 1 3 . ) - - T h e alloys (except manganese bronze, in which case the previously made alloy was melted) were all made by melting together the constituents in the carborundum crucible in which the determinations were made. H e a t i n g and cooling curves were plotted, and the temperature at which solidification began or fusion was completed was taken as the melting-point. The composition given is that aimed at, and actual analysis, in all cases where it was made, showed that this was very nearly attained. The results are as follows : - Percentage composition Alloy
Zn.
Gun-metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leaded gun-metal . . . . . . . . . . Red brass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low-grade red brass . . . . . . . Leaded bronze . . . . . . . . . . . . Bronze with zinc . . . . . . . . . . Cast yellow brass . . . . . . . . . . Naval brass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manganese bronze . . . . . . . . .
88 85½ 85 8z 80 85 67 { 56 Fe 1.5
Sn.
!'b-
2
IO
--
2 tSo
. 9~ 5 3
--
IO
5 io 3~ -37 IVz 4t 0.9 ~ A1 0.45 Mno.I5
3 5 5 IO
-2 -__
Meltingpoint, °C.
995 98o 97o 98o 945 98o 895 855 87o
E x p e r i m e n t s on Rafts. ANON. (Amer. Mech., xxxvii, 3, 125.) - - J u s t at present many experiments are being made to produce a rail that will be more resistant to wear than those now in use. According to the United States Geological Survey, over I5O,ooo tons of nickel and nickel-chromium steel rails were rolled in 19IO, besides about 80,000 tons of chromium, manganese, vanadium, and other similar steels. Most of the experimenting, however, was done on titanium steels, 250,000 long tons of which were rolled. There need be no titanium left in the steel: its value lies in its absorptive power for nitrogen, oxygen, and other impurities. C a l c i u m Cyanamide Production. ANON. (Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter, July 29, I 9 1 2 . ) - - T h e American Cyanamide Company has contracted for the extension of its calcium cyanamide plant at Niagara Falls, Ont., in addition to new machinery, at an approximate cost of $500,000, which will more than double the present capacity of the factory. This company uses the F r a n k and Caro process. Now the company uses 6ooo electric horsepower. It began the manufacture of cyanamide in January, 191o; and during that year exported to the United States product valued at $211,2o2. In 1911 the value of the cyanamide shipped to the United States was $338,774, and, judging from exports during the present year, the increase will be much greater.
CURRENT T o P I c s ,
[J. F. I.
A p p r o x i m a t e M e l t i n g - P o i n t s of S o m e C o m m e r c i a l Copper Alloys. H . W . GILBERT and A. B. I'N'tORTON.(Amer. Inst. of Metals, Oct., I 9 1 3 . ) - - T h e alloys (except manganese bronze, in which case the previously made alloy was melted) were all made by melting together the constituents in the carborundum crucible in which the determinations were made. H e a t i n g and cooling curves were plotted, and the temperature at which solidification began or fusion was completed was taken as the melting-point. The composition given is that aimed at, and actual analysis, in all cases where it was made, showed that this was very nearly attained. The results are as follows : - Percentage composition Alloy
Zn.
Gun-metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leaded gun-metal . . . . . . . . . . Red brass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low-grade red brass . . . . . . . Leaded bronze . . . . . . . . . . . . Bronze with zinc . . . . . . . . . . Cast yellow brass . . . . . . . . . . Naval brass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manganese bronze . . . . . . . . .
88 85½ 85 8z 80 85 67 { 56 Fe 1.5
Sn.
!'b-
2
IO
--
2 tSo
. 9~ 5 3
--
IO
5 io 3~ -37 IVz 4t 0.9 ~ A1 0.45 Mno.I5
3 5 5 IO
-2 -__
Meltingpoint, °C.
995 98o 97o 98o 945 98o 895 855 87o
E x p e r i m e n t s on Rafts. ANON. (Amer. Mech., xxxvii, 3, 125.) - - J u s t at present many experiments are being made to produce a rail that will be more resistant to wear than those now in use. According to the United States Geological Survey, over I5O,ooo tons of nickel and nickel-chromium steel rails were rolled in 19IO, besides about 80,000 tons of chromium, manganese, vanadium, and other similar steels. Most of the experimenting, however, was done on titanium steels, 250,000 long tons of which were rolled. There need be no titanium left in the steel: its value lies in its absorptive power for nitrogen, oxygen, and other impurities. C a l c i u m Cyanamide Production. ANON. (Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter, July 29, I 9 1 2 . ) - - T h e American Cyanamide Company has contracted for the extension of its calcium cyanamide plant at Niagara Falls, Ont., in addition to new machinery, at an approximate cost of $500,000, which will more than double the present capacity of the factory. This company uses the F r a n k and Caro process. Now the company uses 6ooo electric horsepower. It began the manufacture of cyanamide in January, 191o; and during that year exported to the United States product valued at $211,2o2. In 1911 the value of the cyanamide shipped to the United States was $338,774, and, judging from exports during the present year, the increase will be much greater.