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Carbon film coating abutment surface: Effect on the screw detorque
e33
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 8 S ( 2 0 1 2 ) e1–e70
Results: Dental implants (N = 43)
MBL at 6 months
MBL at 12 months
Surgical flap (N = 10) Flapless (N = 18) Post-extractive (N = 15)
1.1 ± 0.5 mm 0.7 ± 0.5 mm 0.9 ± 0.5 mm
1.3 ± 0.5 mm 0.7 ± 0.5 mm 1.0 ± 0.5 mm
Conclusions: The implant system used in this study showed success rate similar to the mean values reported in literature. Flapless implant placement generally showed minor values of marginal bone loss than both post-extraction and with surgical flap. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.081 75 Color stability and conversion degree of luting after thermal aging L.T. Prieto ∗ , C.T.P. Araujo, D.C.R.S. Oliveira, E.K. Coppini, E.J. Souza Junior, L.A.M.S. Paulillo University State of Campinas, Brazil Objectives: The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate color stability and degree of conversion of luting agents in dental substrate. Materials and methods: Thus, 30 human mandibular incisors were randomly divided in five groups (n = 6) according to different luting systems (RelyX Veneer/Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); RelyX ARC/Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); Filtek flowable/Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); Variolink II/Tetric NBond (Ivoclar-Vivadent); Tetric N-Flow/Tetric N-Bond (IvoclarVivadent)). An enamel wear of 0.6 mm was made to simulate a veneer prepare. Facets were fabricated in IPS Empress Direct resin composite, which were luted according to the experimental groups. 24 h after luting, the initial color was measured using CM-700D spectrophotometer (Minolta Sensing Americas, USA) coupled to a cabin of light (MM-1eUV/D65). After 2000 thermal aging cycles a new color assessment was performed. To evaluate the degree of conversion, 50 specimens (n = 10) of each cement and bond system were made (d = 5 mm and 0.5 mm thick) and measured after 24 h by a spectrometer 100 Spectrum FTIR (Perkin Elmer). Results (Tables 1 and 2):
Table 1 – Spectrophotometry. Resin cement Z350 XT Flow RelyX ARC RelyX Veneer Tetric N Flow Variolink II
Delta E 5.5 (2.9) A 3.9 (1.4) A 3.6 (4.3) A 4.1 (2.2) A 3.6 (2.1) A
b* 8.0 (2.4) A 8.2 (2.0) A 8.0 (1.3) A 4.2 (2.3) A 8.0 (1.2) A
Success rate 100% 100% 100%
Table 2 – Degree of conversion. Resin cement Z350 XT Flow RelyX ARC RelyX Veneer Tetric N Flow Variolink II
DC (%) 57.9 (4.3) B 68.4 (1.6) A 57.5 (3.2) B 56.8 (1.9) B 54.1 (2.6) B
Conclusions: No statistical difference was observed between the color at baseline and after thermal aging of each luting system. On the other hand, the degree of conversion of RelyX ARC showed higher values compared to the other luting systems, which showed no statistical difference between each other. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.082 76 Carbon film coating abutment surface: Effect on the screw detorque J.R.C. Queiroz ∗ , P.H. Corazza, A.M. Silva, S.M.S. Marocho, R.O.A. Souza, M.A. Bottino São Paulo State University, Brazil Objectives: Mechanical complications, as screw loosening, can result from instability of the joint implant/abutment, mainly for single-tooth prostheses (Chaar et al. J Oral Rehabil 2011;38:697). In addition, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been used with success in screw abutments to maintain the preload (Kim et al. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32:346). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DLC coating prefabricated implant abutment on the titanium screw detorque values before and after mechanical cycling. Materials and methods: 40 prefabricated external hex abutments (Conexão Prosthesis System, Arujá, Brazil) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to two factors (“DLC coating” and “mechanical cycling”): G1: control; G2: coated with DLC film; G3: G1 cycled; G4: G2 cycled. DLC film was deposited on abutments (G2 and G4) by chemical vapor deposition method. 40 implants (Conexão Prosthesis System, Arujá, Brazil) were embedded in polyurethane blocks. The application of a 30 N cm abutment seating torque (titanium screw) was carried out twice, at a 10 min interval. Removal torque measurements were performed after 2 months (G1 and G2) and after 106 mechanical cycles (G3 and G4). Abutments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were evaluated with ANOVA and Dunnet’s test (5%). Results: ANOVA (p = 0.0291) showed that data of detorque were influenced by deposition of DLC film and mechanical cycling. The control group (G1) presented 14.11 ± 4.83 N cm.
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d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 8 S ( 2 0 1 2 ) e1–e70
G3 presented the lowest value of detorque (7.22 ± 6.08 N cm) and was the only group that showed a statistically significant difference. SEM analysis showed that the DLC film with a thickness of 3 m coated uniformly the hexagon abutment. Conclusions: Diamond-like carbon film deposited on the abutment could be an alternative procedure for preventing abutment screw loosening.
The same cements and surface treatments were realized for the resin substrate respectively (R-PAN-AL, R-PAN-SIL, R-PANGLA, R-REL, R-ION, R-PHO). After 24 h, all the samples were aged (thermo-cycling, 5–55 ◦ C, 6000×). For tensile/retention test, the specimens were passively adapted in the special apparatus and the framework was pulled-out from the tooth. The retention data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (alpha = 0.05) for resin substrate and Kruskal–Wallis and Dunnet’s test for the dentin substrate. Results:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.083
Substrate
Resin
Panavia Alcohol
Silicatiz.
Glaze
5.17 (5.32)C
14.25 (6.93)AB
20.50 (7.69)A
Relyx luting
Relyx U100
4.86 (4.21)C
5.40 (5.10)C
Zinc phos.
8.62 (7.48)BC
Mean and standard deviation difference in parentheses. Different letters mean statistical difference. Substrate
Dentin
Panavia Alcohol
Silicatiz.
Glaze
22.24 (10.57)AB
22.52 (11.32)AB
24.70 (20.58)AB
77 Retention of YTZP crowns: Evaluation of different strategies for cementation M.P. Rippe 1,∗ , R. Amaral 1 , B. Bottino 1 , L.F. Valandro 1,2
Oliveira 3 , P.F.
Cesar 3 , M.A.
1
São Paulo State University – UNESP, Brazil Santa Maria Federal University, Brazil 3 São Paulo University, Brazil
Relyx luting
Relyx U100
40.97 (30.24)A
11.61 (10.7)BC
Zinc phos.
0 (0)C
Median and interquartile difference in parentheses. Different letters mean statistical difference. Conclusions: In the resin substrate, the best surface treatment appears to be the silicatization, since the failure occurred between the cement and the resin. In the dentin substrate, the silicatization treatment does not seem to differ from glazing, considering failure analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.084
2
Objectives: To compare the retention-strength of yttriumoxide-stabilized-tetragonal-zirconia crowns as function of cementation protocols (4 cements) and to assess a new alternative of Y-TZP surface-conditioning (glass application + hydrofluoric acid etching + silanization). Materials and methods: The root part of 144 freshly extracted molars was embedded in acrylic-resin and the coronal parts were prepared for full crown. In half of the specimens the coronal part was prepared, moulded and a silicone matrix was executed for the reconstruction of the core in composite resin. Then, the preparation was removed, fiber posts cemented and the core resin composite build-up, with the aid of the matrix. In the other half, the teeth were prepared. All specimens were moulded with polyvinylsiloxane material and 144 master dies were obtained, which were scanned and YTZP frameworks were produced (CAD-CAM system, Sirona). The specimens were divided into 12 groups (n = 12): D-PAN-AL (dentin substrate, Panavia cement, treatment surface: alcohol), D-PAN-SIL (dentin substrate, Panavia cement, treatment surface: silicatization), D-PAN-GLA (dentin substrate, Panavia cement, treatment surface: glaze), D-REL (dentin substrate, Relyx U100), D-ION (dentin substrate, Relyx luting with glass ionomer), D-PHO (dentin substrate, phosphate zinc cement).
78 Measuring the fidelity and stability of denture resin injection systems R.A. Robison 1,∗ , R.H. Schwarting 2 , N. Ellison 1 , G.B. Schaalje 1 1 2
Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA Riverside Dental Laboratory, Orem, UT, USA
Objectives: Resin injection systems have been used in denture construction for some time. Available systems differ in design, materials, and processes. There have been few studies comparing these systems with respect to the fidelity and stability of the final product. The purpose of this study was to compare the Ivoclar Vivadent SR Ivocap (injection system) using Plus (IP) and High Impact (HI) resins with the Densply Success (injection system) using Lucitone 199 resin (DS). Materials and methods: A standard brass cone with the approximate volume of a large denture was used as a standard model. This was invested and manufacturer’s instructions were followed to fabricate 5 resin samples using each product. The samples were coded and stored in water until analysed. Several dimensional parameters were measured on each resin sample including length, width, weight, and volume. Volume measurements were performed using a solid density measurement apparatus (Ohaus microbalance equipped with Ohaus Density Determination Kit). The IP and DS samples were
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 8 S ( 2 0 1 2 ) e1–e70
Results: Dental implants (N = 43)
MBL at 6 months
MBL at 12 months
Surgical flap (N = 10) Flapless (N = 18) Post-extractive (N = 15)
1.1 ± 0.5 mm 0.7 ± 0.5 mm 0.9 ± 0.5 mm
1.3 ± 0.5 mm 0.7 ± 0.5 mm 1.0 ± 0.5 mm
Conclusions: The implant system used in this study showed success rate similar to the mean values reported in literature. Flapless implant placement generally showed minor values of marginal bone loss than both post-extraction and with surgical flap. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.081 75 Color stability and conversion degree of luting after thermal aging L.T. Prieto ∗ , C.T.P. Araujo, D.C.R.S. Oliveira, E.K. Coppini, E.J. Souza Junior, L.A.M.S. Paulillo University State of Campinas, Brazil Objectives: The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate color stability and degree of conversion of luting agents in dental substrate. Materials and methods: Thus, 30 human mandibular incisors were randomly divided in five groups (n = 6) according to different luting systems (RelyX Veneer/Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); RelyX ARC/Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); Filtek flowable/Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); Variolink II/Tetric NBond (Ivoclar-Vivadent); Tetric N-Flow/Tetric N-Bond (IvoclarVivadent)). An enamel wear of 0.6 mm was made to simulate a veneer prepare. Facets were fabricated in IPS Empress Direct resin composite, which were luted according to the experimental groups. 24 h after luting, the initial color was measured using CM-700D spectrophotometer (Minolta Sensing Americas, USA) coupled to a cabin of light (MM-1eUV/D65). After 2000 thermal aging cycles a new color assessment was performed. To evaluate the degree of conversion, 50 specimens (n = 10) of each cement and bond system were made (d = 5 mm and 0.5 mm thick) and measured after 24 h by a spectrometer 100 Spectrum FTIR (Perkin Elmer). Results (Tables 1 and 2):
Table 1 – Spectrophotometry. Resin cement Z350 XT Flow RelyX ARC RelyX Veneer Tetric N Flow Variolink II
Delta E 5.5 (2.9) A 3.9 (1.4) A 3.6 (4.3) A 4.1 (2.2) A 3.6 (2.1) A
b* 8.0 (2.4) A 8.2 (2.0) A 8.0 (1.3) A 4.2 (2.3) A 8.0 (1.2) A
Success rate 100% 100% 100%
Table 2 – Degree of conversion. Resin cement Z350 XT Flow RelyX ARC RelyX Veneer Tetric N Flow Variolink II
DC (%) 57.9 (4.3) B 68.4 (1.6) A 57.5 (3.2) B 56.8 (1.9) B 54.1 (2.6) B
Conclusions: No statistical difference was observed between the color at baseline and after thermal aging of each luting system. On the other hand, the degree of conversion of RelyX ARC showed higher values compared to the other luting systems, which showed no statistical difference between each other. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.082 76 Carbon film coating abutment surface: Effect on the screw detorque J.R.C. Queiroz ∗ , P.H. Corazza, A.M. Silva, S.M.S. Marocho, R.O.A. Souza, M.A. Bottino São Paulo State University, Brazil Objectives: Mechanical complications, as screw loosening, can result from instability of the joint implant/abutment, mainly for single-tooth prostheses (Chaar et al. J Oral Rehabil 2011;38:697). In addition, diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been used with success in screw abutments to maintain the preload (Kim et al. J Oral Rehabil 2005;32:346). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DLC coating prefabricated implant abutment on the titanium screw detorque values before and after mechanical cycling. Materials and methods: 40 prefabricated external hex abutments (Conexão Prosthesis System, Arujá, Brazil) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10) according to two factors (“DLC coating” and “mechanical cycling”): G1: control; G2: coated with DLC film; G3: G1 cycled; G4: G2 cycled. DLC film was deposited on abutments (G2 and G4) by chemical vapor deposition method. 40 implants (Conexão Prosthesis System, Arujá, Brazil) were embedded in polyurethane blocks. The application of a 30 N cm abutment seating torque (titanium screw) was carried out twice, at a 10 min interval. Removal torque measurements were performed after 2 months (G1 and G2) and after 106 mechanical cycles (G3 and G4). Abutments were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were evaluated with ANOVA and Dunnet’s test (5%). Results: ANOVA (p = 0.0291) showed that data of detorque were influenced by deposition of DLC film and mechanical cycling. The control group (G1) presented 14.11 ± 4.83 N cm.
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G3 presented the lowest value of detorque (7.22 ± 6.08 N cm) and was the only group that showed a statistically significant difference. SEM analysis showed that the DLC film with a thickness of 3 m coated uniformly the hexagon abutment. Conclusions: Diamond-like carbon film deposited on the abutment could be an alternative procedure for preventing abutment screw loosening.
The same cements and surface treatments were realized for the resin substrate respectively (R-PAN-AL, R-PAN-SIL, R-PANGLA, R-REL, R-ION, R-PHO). After 24 h, all the samples were aged (thermo-cycling, 5–55 ◦ C, 6000×). For tensile/retention test, the specimens were passively adapted in the special apparatus and the framework was pulled-out from the tooth. The retention data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (alpha = 0.05) for resin substrate and Kruskal–Wallis and Dunnet’s test for the dentin substrate. Results:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.083
Substrate
Resin
Panavia Alcohol
Silicatiz.
Glaze
5.17 (5.32)C
14.25 (6.93)AB
20.50 (7.69)A
Relyx luting
Relyx U100
4.86 (4.21)C
5.40 (5.10)C
Zinc phos.
8.62 (7.48)BC
Mean and standard deviation difference in parentheses. Different letters mean statistical difference. Substrate
Dentin
Panavia Alcohol
Silicatiz.
Glaze
22.24 (10.57)AB
22.52 (11.32)AB
24.70 (20.58)AB
77 Retention of YTZP crowns: Evaluation of different strategies for cementation M.P. Rippe 1,∗ , R. Amaral 1 , B. Bottino 1 , L.F. Valandro 1,2
Oliveira 3 , P.F.
Cesar 3 , M.A.
1
São Paulo State University – UNESP, Brazil Santa Maria Federal University, Brazil 3 São Paulo University, Brazil
Relyx luting
Relyx U100
40.97 (30.24)A
11.61 (10.7)BC
Zinc phos.
0 (0)C
Median and interquartile difference in parentheses. Different letters mean statistical difference. Conclusions: In the resin substrate, the best surface treatment appears to be the silicatization, since the failure occurred between the cement and the resin. In the dentin substrate, the silicatization treatment does not seem to differ from glazing, considering failure analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.07.084
2
Objectives: To compare the retention-strength of yttriumoxide-stabilized-tetragonal-zirconia crowns as function of cementation protocols (4 cements) and to assess a new alternative of Y-TZP surface-conditioning (glass application + hydrofluoric acid etching + silanization). Materials and methods: The root part of 144 freshly extracted molars was embedded in acrylic-resin and the coronal parts were prepared for full crown. In half of the specimens the coronal part was prepared, moulded and a silicone matrix was executed for the reconstruction of the core in composite resin. Then, the preparation was removed, fiber posts cemented and the core resin composite build-up, with the aid of the matrix. In the other half, the teeth were prepared. All specimens were moulded with polyvinylsiloxane material and 144 master dies were obtained, which were scanned and YTZP frameworks were produced (CAD-CAM system, Sirona). The specimens were divided into 12 groups (n = 12): D-PAN-AL (dentin substrate, Panavia cement, treatment surface: alcohol), D-PAN-SIL (dentin substrate, Panavia cement, treatment surface: silicatization), D-PAN-GLA (dentin substrate, Panavia cement, treatment surface: glaze), D-REL (dentin substrate, Relyx U100), D-ION (dentin substrate, Relyx luting with glass ionomer), D-PHO (dentin substrate, phosphate zinc cement).
78 Measuring the fidelity and stability of denture resin injection systems R.A. Robison 1,∗ , R.H. Schwarting 2 , N. Ellison 1 , G.B. Schaalje 1 1 2
Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA Riverside Dental Laboratory, Orem, UT, USA
Objectives: Resin injection systems have been used in denture construction for some time. Available systems differ in design, materials, and processes. There have been few studies comparing these systems with respect to the fidelity and stability of the final product. The purpose of this study was to compare the Ivoclar Vivadent SR Ivocap (injection system) using Plus (IP) and High Impact (HI) resins with the Densply Success (injection system) using Lucitone 199 resin (DS). Materials and methods: A standard brass cone with the approximate volume of a large denture was used as a standard model. This was invested and manufacturer’s instructions were followed to fabricate 5 resin samples using each product. The samples were coded and stored in water until analysed. Several dimensional parameters were measured on each resin sample including length, width, weight, and volume. Volume measurements were performed using a solid density measurement apparatus (Ohaus microbalance equipped with Ohaus Density Determination Kit). The IP and DS samples were