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Cardiovascular Fitness of Texas Middle School Students and Consumption of Fruit, Vegetable, Dairy and Cereal
TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 9
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH 100% Fruit Juice Consumption Decreases the Proportion of Adults with Inadequate Intakes of Key Nutrients: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 Author(s): C. E. O’Neil,1 T. A. Nicklas,2 M. Zanovec,1 V. L. Fulgoni3; 1 Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 2Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 3Nutrition Impact, Battle Creek, MI Learning Outcome: To determine the impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on dietary adequacy of selected nutrients in a nationally representative sample of adults. 100% fruit juice (FJ) has recently been viewed as a sweetened beverage with little regard to its nutrient contribution to the diet. NHANES 2003-2006 data were used to compare intakes of shortfall nutrients in adults 19 years of age or older (n⫽8,861; 51% males) that were below recommended levels among FJ consumers (n ⫽ 3,976; 51% females) and non-consumers (n ⫽ 3,274; 49% females). Using two 24 hour dietary recalls, the NCI method was used to determine usual intake. The percent of the population with intakes of shortfall nutrients less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or greater than the Adequate Intake (AI) were determined. A Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used to determine significance (p ⬍ 0.05). Kilocalories from FJ in consumers were 103.3⫾7.5. Compared to FJ consumers, a significantly higher percentage of non-consumers had intakes below the EAR for vitamin A (60.0⫾1.8 vs. 47.6⫾3.8%), vitamin C (67.3⫾2.2 vs. 3.9⫾1.6%), and magnesium (60.8⫾1.8 vs. 48.9⫾2.8%); similarly a significantly higher percentage of FJ consumers had intakes above the AI for calcium (34.4⫾2.4% vs. 27.3⫾1.8%) and potassium (3.1⫾0.6 vs.1.9⫾0.3). There were no differences seen for vitamin E and dietary fiber. These data suggest that FJ consumption improves dietary adequacy in adults and should be encouraged. Funding Disclosure: USDA and Juice Products Association
A Descriptive Study of the Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Youth Athletes and Coaches Author(s): K. L. Willet, W. M. Koszewski, J. Scheer, J. Rudy, J. A. Fischer; Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska -Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Learning Outcome: The participant will be able to describe nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth athletes and coaches of youth athletes. Background: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth athletes and coaches at a large sports complex. Methods: Youth athletes (n⫽97) participating in volleyball, soccer, tennis, or basketball, and male and female coaches (n⫽16) at a large sports complex completed an online or in person survey and food frequency questionnaire. Results: Youth athletes were 12.68 ⫾ 1.67 years of age, and coaches’ mean age was 30.63 ⫾ 8.73. Athletes sought nutrition information from their coaches (23%) or athletic trainer (14%). Sixty-nine percent of the coaches reported having received nutrition education, yet confusion was present about basic concepts. The majority of the subjects felt having a nutritious diet would improve athletic performance and information on related topics would be beneficial. Half of the athletes and 1% of the coaches reported using the MyPyramid guidelines for planning their meals. On average, both groups consumed less than recommended amounts for every food group. Coaches consumed significantly less fruit than athletes (p ⬍ 0.05), significantly more nuts, tea, coffee, and alcohol (p ⬍ 0.05), and were significantly more likely to skip breakfast, lunch, and dinner (p ⬍ 0.05). Conclusions: The youth athletes and coaches lack knowledge of basic nutrition concepts, are not meeting the current recommendations set forth by the MyPyramid guidelines, and are open to expanding their knowledge base. Nutrition education programs for this population should include information on the MyPyramid, nutrition facts label, dietary supplements, and specific dietary recommendations for athletes. Funding Disclosure: None
Modeling Healthy Lifestyle through Peer-Based 4-H Fitness and Nutrition Clubs
Cardiovascular Fitness of Texas Middle School Students and Consumption of Fruit, Vegetable, Dairy and Cereal
Author(s): U. R. Taylor,1 A. L. Go´mez,2 S. S. Gray,3 M. Grillo,1 L. R. Horn,3 L. Christie-Francis,3 W. A. Hamilton1; 1Extension, University of Connecticut, North Haven, CT, 2Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 3Extension, University of Connecticut, West Hartford, CT
Author(s): P. L. Connors,1 C. A. Greenleaf,2 S. B. Martin,2 T. A. Petrie,3 N. Beck4; 1Hospitality Management, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 2Kinesiology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 3Sports Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 4Counseling Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX
Learning Outcome: Participant will be able to identify community-based strategies implemented in an afterschool setting designed for youth to achieve healthy lifestyles. This afterschool nutrition and fitness project promotes physical activity and healthy nutrition choices for school aged children (8 to 12 years) and their teen mentors (14 to 19 years) in urban settings. Teens are trained to deliver the program in partnership with parent and community volunteers. Sedentary lifestyles and poor nutrition choices have contributed toward drastic increases in childhood obesity. State school fitness tests, obesity rates and lack of play and recreation spaces were examined. Elementary and middle school students from the proposed urban cities scored below the state average for standard fitness measures. Zero percent of fourth graders from one school passed the four standard fitness measures. During the initial 8 weeks, baseline and post questionnaires and measures are collected to determine knowledge, attitudes and fitness levels of the children. Healthy snack demonstrations, non-traditional exercise (i.e. Latin dance, yoga) and exergames (sports and dance software) are incorporated into the program. Youth also explore fitness and nutrition websites if computer labs are available. Participants and their families attend health fair nights to experience healthy snacks, non-traditional dance and games. After the 8 weeks, the program is sustained by youth and adult volunteers as a school component. Statistical analysis indicates significant increases in flexibility and maximal number of sit ups. Analyses favorably indicate youth enrolled in programming may significantly improve standard fitness tests, nutrition knowledge and practice of daily exercise. Funding Disclosure: USDA Children Youth and Families at Risk Sustainable Communities Project
Learning Outcome: Describe the cardiorespiratory fitness of Texas middle school students as measured by PACER and how dietary behaviors in terms of routine fruit, vegetable, dairy and breakfast cereal consumption relate to fitness level achieved. In 2008-2009 the cardiorespiratory fitness of 6th, 7th, and 8th grade urban schoolchildren was assessed using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test from FITNESSGRAM (The Cooper Institute). In this test students run a series of 20-meter laps at a rate that increases each minute and continue running until the finish line is not crossed or they stop. Standardized criteria determine if PACER Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) is achieved. Students completed a food frequency questionnaire adapted from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Dietary measures included intake of 100% fruit juice, fruit, vegetable, milk, and cold breakfast cereal over the past seven days. A total of 730 males and 821 females participated. Mean weight was 53.2 kg for males and 52.3 for females. Only 18.3% of males and 37.3% of females achieved HFZ for cardiorespiratory fitness. In terms of students who achieved HFZ, the greatest percentage consumed 100% fruit juice 1-3 times/7 days (males, 40.9%, females, 39.0%), fruit 1-2 times/day (males, 30.2%, females, 36.0%), vegetable 1-2 times/day (males, 34.4%, females, 33.5%), milk 1-2 times/day (males, 35.7%, females, 38.6%), and cereal 1-3 times/7 days (males, 31.3%, females, 36.0%). To determined if a relationship existed between cardiorespiratory fitness and dietary measures a chi-squared analysis was conducted using PACER as the independent variable and gender as the controlling variable. A positive relationship existed at the ⬍0.05 level for eating fruit for both genders. Schoolchildren who exhibited a healthy cardiorespiratory fitness were more likely to consume fruit than those who did not. Funding Disclosure: None
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-107
POSTER SESSION: WELLNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH 100% Fruit Juice Consumption Decreases the Proportion of Adults with Inadequate Intakes of Key Nutrients: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2006 Author(s): C. E. O’Neil,1 T. A. Nicklas,2 M. Zanovec,1 V. L. Fulgoni3; 1 Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 2Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 3Nutrition Impact, Battle Creek, MI Learning Outcome: To determine the impact of 100% fruit juice consumption on dietary adequacy of selected nutrients in a nationally representative sample of adults. 100% fruit juice (FJ) has recently been viewed as a sweetened beverage with little regard to its nutrient contribution to the diet. NHANES 2003-2006 data were used to compare intakes of shortfall nutrients in adults 19 years of age or older (n⫽8,861; 51% males) that were below recommended levels among FJ consumers (n ⫽ 3,976; 51% females) and non-consumers (n ⫽ 3,274; 49% females). Using two 24 hour dietary recalls, the NCI method was used to determine usual intake. The percent of the population with intakes of shortfall nutrients less than the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or greater than the Adequate Intake (AI) were determined. A Z-statistic for differences in population proportions was used to determine significance (p ⬍ 0.05). Kilocalories from FJ in consumers were 103.3⫾7.5. Compared to FJ consumers, a significantly higher percentage of non-consumers had intakes below the EAR for vitamin A (60.0⫾1.8 vs. 47.6⫾3.8%), vitamin C (67.3⫾2.2 vs. 3.9⫾1.6%), and magnesium (60.8⫾1.8 vs. 48.9⫾2.8%); similarly a significantly higher percentage of FJ consumers had intakes above the AI for calcium (34.4⫾2.4% vs. 27.3⫾1.8%) and potassium (3.1⫾0.6 vs.1.9⫾0.3). There were no differences seen for vitamin E and dietary fiber. These data suggest that FJ consumption improves dietary adequacy in adults and should be encouraged. Funding Disclosure: USDA and Juice Products Association
A Descriptive Study of the Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors of Youth Athletes and Coaches Author(s): K. L. Willet, W. M. Koszewski, J. Scheer, J. Rudy, J. A. Fischer; Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska -Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Learning Outcome: The participant will be able to describe nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth athletes and coaches of youth athletes. Background: The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youth athletes and coaches at a large sports complex. Methods: Youth athletes (n⫽97) participating in volleyball, soccer, tennis, or basketball, and male and female coaches (n⫽16) at a large sports complex completed an online or in person survey and food frequency questionnaire. Results: Youth athletes were 12.68 ⫾ 1.67 years of age, and coaches’ mean age was 30.63 ⫾ 8.73. Athletes sought nutrition information from their coaches (23%) or athletic trainer (14%). Sixty-nine percent of the coaches reported having received nutrition education, yet confusion was present about basic concepts. The majority of the subjects felt having a nutritious diet would improve athletic performance and information on related topics would be beneficial. Half of the athletes and 1% of the coaches reported using the MyPyramid guidelines for planning their meals. On average, both groups consumed less than recommended amounts for every food group. Coaches consumed significantly less fruit than athletes (p ⬍ 0.05), significantly more nuts, tea, coffee, and alcohol (p ⬍ 0.05), and were significantly more likely to skip breakfast, lunch, and dinner (p ⬍ 0.05). Conclusions: The youth athletes and coaches lack knowledge of basic nutrition concepts, are not meeting the current recommendations set forth by the MyPyramid guidelines, and are open to expanding their knowledge base. Nutrition education programs for this population should include information on the MyPyramid, nutrition facts label, dietary supplements, and specific dietary recommendations for athletes. Funding Disclosure: None
Modeling Healthy Lifestyle through Peer-Based 4-H Fitness and Nutrition Clubs
Cardiovascular Fitness of Texas Middle School Students and Consumption of Fruit, Vegetable, Dairy and Cereal
Author(s): U. R. Taylor,1 A. L. Go´mez,2 S. S. Gray,3 M. Grillo,1 L. R. Horn,3 L. Christie-Francis,3 W. A. Hamilton1; 1Extension, University of Connecticut, North Haven, CT, 2Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 3Extension, University of Connecticut, West Hartford, CT
Author(s): P. L. Connors,1 C. A. Greenleaf,2 S. B. Martin,2 T. A. Petrie,3 N. Beck4; 1Hospitality Management, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 2Kinesiology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 3Sports Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 4Counseling Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX
Learning Outcome: Participant will be able to identify community-based strategies implemented in an afterschool setting designed for youth to achieve healthy lifestyles. This afterschool nutrition and fitness project promotes physical activity and healthy nutrition choices for school aged children (8 to 12 years) and their teen mentors (14 to 19 years) in urban settings. Teens are trained to deliver the program in partnership with parent and community volunteers. Sedentary lifestyles and poor nutrition choices have contributed toward drastic increases in childhood obesity. State school fitness tests, obesity rates and lack of play and recreation spaces were examined. Elementary and middle school students from the proposed urban cities scored below the state average for standard fitness measures. Zero percent of fourth graders from one school passed the four standard fitness measures. During the initial 8 weeks, baseline and post questionnaires and measures are collected to determine knowledge, attitudes and fitness levels of the children. Healthy snack demonstrations, non-traditional exercise (i.e. Latin dance, yoga) and exergames (sports and dance software) are incorporated into the program. Youth also explore fitness and nutrition websites if computer labs are available. Participants and their families attend health fair nights to experience healthy snacks, non-traditional dance and games. After the 8 weeks, the program is sustained by youth and adult volunteers as a school component. Statistical analysis indicates significant increases in flexibility and maximal number of sit ups. Analyses favorably indicate youth enrolled in programming may significantly improve standard fitness tests, nutrition knowledge and practice of daily exercise. Funding Disclosure: USDA Children Youth and Families at Risk Sustainable Communities Project
Learning Outcome: Describe the cardiorespiratory fitness of Texas middle school students as measured by PACER and how dietary behaviors in terms of routine fruit, vegetable, dairy and breakfast cereal consumption relate to fitness level achieved. In 2008-2009 the cardiorespiratory fitness of 6th, 7th, and 8th grade urban schoolchildren was assessed using the Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test from FITNESSGRAM (The Cooper Institute). In this test students run a series of 20-meter laps at a rate that increases each minute and continue running until the finish line is not crossed or they stop. Standardized criteria determine if PACER Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) is achieved. Students completed a food frequency questionnaire adapted from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Dietary measures included intake of 100% fruit juice, fruit, vegetable, milk, and cold breakfast cereal over the past seven days. A total of 730 males and 821 females participated. Mean weight was 53.2 kg for males and 52.3 for females. Only 18.3% of males and 37.3% of females achieved HFZ for cardiorespiratory fitness. In terms of students who achieved HFZ, the greatest percentage consumed 100% fruit juice 1-3 times/7 days (males, 40.9%, females, 39.0%), fruit 1-2 times/day (males, 30.2%, females, 36.0%), vegetable 1-2 times/day (males, 34.4%, females, 33.5%), milk 1-2 times/day (males, 35.7%, females, 38.6%), and cereal 1-3 times/7 days (males, 31.3%, females, 36.0%). To determined if a relationship existed between cardiorespiratory fitness and dietary measures a chi-squared analysis was conducted using PACER as the independent variable and gender as the controlling variable. A positive relationship existed at the ⬍0.05 level for eating fruit for both genders. Schoolchildren who exhibited a healthy cardiorespiratory fitness were more likely to consume fruit than those who did not. Funding Disclosure: None
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION / A-107