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Catalysts for ultra deep desulfurization of diesel fractions
02
Liquid fuels (transport,
Transport,
refining,
refining,
quality,
storage)
quality,
storage
03101073
A new approach to deep desulfurization of gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel by selective adsorption for ultra-clean fuels and for fuel cell applications
Ma, X. ef al. Car+sis T&y, 2002, 77. (I -2), 107-l lb. In order to further reduce the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel) for producing ultra-clean transportation fuels and for fuel cell applications, a new desulfurization process by selective adsorption for removing sulfur (SARS) is explored. An adsorbent was developed and used for adsorption desulfurization of diesel fuel, gasoline and jet fuel at room temperature. The results indicate that the transition metal-based adsorbent developed in this work is effective for selectively adsorbing the sulfur compounds, even the refractory sulfur compounds in diesel fuels. The SARS process can effectively remove sulfur compounds in the liquid hydrocarbon fuels at ambient temperature under atmospheric pressure with low investment and operating cost. On the basis of the present study, a novel integrated process is proposed for deep desulfurization of the liquid hydrocarbon fuels in a future refinery, which combines a selective adsorption (SARS) of the sulfur compounds and a hydrodesulfurization process of the concentrated sulfur fraction (HDSCS). The SARS concept may be used for on-site or on-board removal of sulfur from fuels for fuel cell systems.
03/01074 A statistical review of US Gulf Coast refining Activities Bout, J. C. The Journd of Energ,~ Litrruturc, 2002, VIII. (2). 42-59. Refineries located in the Gulf Coast account for about 40% of the total installed distillation capacity in the USA. In this article an overview of publishing data sources related to the functioning of these refineries, whether as a group or as individual facilities, is provided. The centrality of oil to US economic activity means that there is a wealth of data pertaining to the refining sector, much superior in quality and accuracy to that available for any other industry, anywhere in the world. Most of this information is in the public domain and effectively available for free. Moreover, much of it is micro-analytic input/output data that are disaggregated down to the level of individual firms. In particular, a number of state agencies publish input, output, inventory and sales data for all individual refineries located within their jurisdictions. 03/01075
Application of sensitivity analysis to oil refinery
emissions Whitcombe, J. M. er al. Reliohili~~ Enginrering & S,~.crcn, .‘?@r~,, 2003, 79. (2), 219-224. Catalyst emissions from fluidizing catalytic cracking units have the potential to impact significantly on the environmental compliance of oil refineries. Traditionally it has been assumed that gas velocity and fine particles significantly impact on emission levels. Through the use of a simple fluidized bed model, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the key operating parameters that influence emission rates. It was found that in addition to velocity, density and mid-sized particles are the most influential factors for emission rates. Further work is needed to identify how these parameters can be altered during normal operations to reduce catalyst emissions.
Diesel fuel is a blend of various middle distillate hydrocarbons that varied depending on petroleum processing and distillation feed variations. The first visual proportion of paraffin waxes in cooled diesel fuel is the cloud point. Cloud point depressants interact with the paraffins in diesel and retard the formation of crystal wax. By blending with kerosene the cloud point of diesel fuel can be decreased significantly, and also the variation of refinery operations can be helpful to decrease the cloud point of diesel fuel. Due to the high price of kerosene the changes in the petroleum processing would he the more economical resolution for the improvement
of diesel fuel performance.
03101079 Fischer-Tropsch process for the manufacture of diesel fuel-compatible hydrocarbons using a sponge cobalt catalyst Raje, A. Pet ol. PCT Int. Appl. WO 02 68.368 (Cl. CO7(‘27 00). 6 Scp 2002. US Appl. PV287.356. A process for producing hydrocarbons suitable for the production of diesel fuel comprises contacting a synthesis gas feed stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone, where the catalyst comprises a metal sponge containing 85-990/o cobalt and l-15% stabilizing material.
03/01060 Manufacture of lubricating base oils and gas oils from Fischer-Tropsch products by hydrocracklnghydroisomerization and dewaxing Germaine, G. R. B. PCT Int. Appl. WO 02 70,627(Cl. ClOG65/00), I2 Sep 2002 EP Appl. 20011400,563. Two or more lubricating base oil of different grades in addition to a gas oil byproduct are manufactured from Fischer-Tropsch products by: (I) hydrocracking-hydroisomerizing a heavy Fischer-Tropsch feedstock that is characterized by a >0.2:1 weight ratio of C,h(,-compounds to C,30-compounds and in which >30 weight% of the fraction is composed of C ,3,+ompounds, followed by (2) separation of the product into one or more gas oil fractions and a lubricating base oil precursor fraction. A pour point reducing step (e.g. solvent dewaxing or catalytic hydrodewaxing) is then carried out to reduce the pour point of the lubricating base oil precursor prior to separating the dewaxed fraction into two or more lubricating base oil grades. Catalytic dewaxing is carried out at 275-375” and 40-70 bars over a Group VIII metal catalyst supported on a zeolite with pore diameter of 0.35-0.8 nm and incorporating a low-acidity alumina-free oxide binder. The base oil product, which has a pour point of c-60” to -lo”, a kinematic viscosity of l2-30cSt at loo”, a viscosity index of >125, and an evaporation loss of
03/01061 Mechanics of oil sands slurry flow in a flexible pipeline system
Ionkina, 0. ef rrl. PCT Int. Appl. WO 02 68,564 (Cl. CIOG2/00). 6 Sep 2002, US Appl. PV262,336. A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversionpromoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process includes at least a Fischer-Tropsch metal and boron. The Fischer-Tropsch metal preferably includes cobalt and optionally ruthenium or platinum. The catalyst may also comprise a support material selected from the group including silica, titania, titania/alumina, zirconia, alumina. aluminium fluoride, and fluorided aluminas.
Frimpong, S. et al. Inrernutional Journul of Surface Minin,q Reclamution and Environmenr, 2002. 16. (2), 105-121. Slurry transportation is an economic haulage system in oil sands and coal-mining operations characterized by long haulage distances and rugged terrain. Hydraulic transportation is a proven and viable technology for slurry transportation in such conditions. Currently, stationary pipeline transportation is being used in transporting minerals in many mines. In this paper, the authors develop the ground articulating pipeline (GAP) technology to address this problem. The GAP system consists of pipelines connected together with flexible joints in each pipe section, which allows deflection to avoid torsional stresses from the adjoining frames. This flexible arrangement accommodates the horizontal and vertical displacements of the mobile system as it follows the hydraulic shovels in the excavation process. The mechanics of the GAP system, as well as the production-economic function, are formulated and simulated over an extended period using data and information from Syncrude’s North Mine. The results show that the GAP system is technical and economically viable for productivity between 6300 and 6500 tons per h. The simulated head loss for the GAP system is 15.66 m per 400 m, which compares with 20 m per 400 m for the existing stationary system at Syncrude. The pressure gradient-radius curves are asymptotic to the pipe boundaries, which indicates steep axial pressure gradient in these areas.
03/01077 fractions
03/01062 Multilayer tube made of polyamides and fluoropolymers for conveying fuel
03/01076
Boron promoted catalysts and Fischer-Tropsch
processes
Catalysts for ultra deep desulfurization of diesel
Fujikawa, T. Shokubui, 2002, 44, (5), 345-349. (In Japanese) In recent years, because air pollution from diesel engine exhaust gas has become a serious problem, much attention has been paid to produce ‘environmentally friendly’ diesel fuel. In this paper, the main trends in the diesel fuel specifications in the near future and the recent research and development of catalysts for ultra deep desulfurization have been introduced.
03101076 Cloud point giveaway Manka. J. S. Hmhcnrbon
212
Ey$wwin~.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
2002.
7. (7). h9--70. 72.
July 2003
Bussi, P. and Pery, F. Eur. Pat. App. EP 1,243,832 (Cl. F16Ll l/06), 25 Sep 2002, FR Appl. 200113,932. (In French) Tubes that exhibit good impact strength at low and high temperature, good antistatic properties, and no exudation into the fuel comprise a polyamide outer layer, an intermediate layer containing fluoropolymer and an alkyl methacrylate polymer, and a polyamide interior layer containing polyolefin powder and carbon black, and the tubes are manufactured by coextrusion of the layers. Optionally, the tubes have an additional layer between the outer and the intermediate layers and which is hased on ground waste from tube manufacturers.
Liquid fuels (transport,
Transport,
refining,
refining,
quality,
storage)
quality,
storage
03101073
A new approach to deep desulfurization of gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel by selective adsorption for ultra-clean fuels and for fuel cell applications
Ma, X. ef al. Car+sis T&y, 2002, 77. (I -2), 107-l lb. In order to further reduce the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel) for producing ultra-clean transportation fuels and for fuel cell applications, a new desulfurization process by selective adsorption for removing sulfur (SARS) is explored. An adsorbent was developed and used for adsorption desulfurization of diesel fuel, gasoline and jet fuel at room temperature. The results indicate that the transition metal-based adsorbent developed in this work is effective for selectively adsorbing the sulfur compounds, even the refractory sulfur compounds in diesel fuels. The SARS process can effectively remove sulfur compounds in the liquid hydrocarbon fuels at ambient temperature under atmospheric pressure with low investment and operating cost. On the basis of the present study, a novel integrated process is proposed for deep desulfurization of the liquid hydrocarbon fuels in a future refinery, which combines a selective adsorption (SARS) of the sulfur compounds and a hydrodesulfurization process of the concentrated sulfur fraction (HDSCS). The SARS concept may be used for on-site or on-board removal of sulfur from fuels for fuel cell systems.
03/01074 A statistical review of US Gulf Coast refining Activities Bout, J. C. The Journd of Energ,~ Litrruturc, 2002, VIII. (2). 42-59. Refineries located in the Gulf Coast account for about 40% of the total installed distillation capacity in the USA. In this article an overview of publishing data sources related to the functioning of these refineries, whether as a group or as individual facilities, is provided. The centrality of oil to US economic activity means that there is a wealth of data pertaining to the refining sector, much superior in quality and accuracy to that available for any other industry, anywhere in the world. Most of this information is in the public domain and effectively available for free. Moreover, much of it is micro-analytic input/output data that are disaggregated down to the level of individual firms. In particular, a number of state agencies publish input, output, inventory and sales data for all individual refineries located within their jurisdictions. 03/01075
Application of sensitivity analysis to oil refinery
emissions Whitcombe, J. M. er al. Reliohili~~ Enginrering & S,~.crcn, .‘?@r~,, 2003, 79. (2), 219-224. Catalyst emissions from fluidizing catalytic cracking units have the potential to impact significantly on the environmental compliance of oil refineries. Traditionally it has been assumed that gas velocity and fine particles significantly impact on emission levels. Through the use of a simple fluidized bed model, sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify the key operating parameters that influence emission rates. It was found that in addition to velocity, density and mid-sized particles are the most influential factors for emission rates. Further work is needed to identify how these parameters can be altered during normal operations to reduce catalyst emissions.
Diesel fuel is a blend of various middle distillate hydrocarbons that varied depending on petroleum processing and distillation feed variations. The first visual proportion of paraffin waxes in cooled diesel fuel is the cloud point. Cloud point depressants interact with the paraffins in diesel and retard the formation of crystal wax. By blending with kerosene the cloud point of diesel fuel can be decreased significantly, and also the variation of refinery operations can be helpful to decrease the cloud point of diesel fuel. Due to the high price of kerosene the changes in the petroleum processing would he the more economical resolution for the improvement
of diesel fuel performance.
03101079 Fischer-Tropsch process for the manufacture of diesel fuel-compatible hydrocarbons using a sponge cobalt catalyst Raje, A. Pet ol. PCT Int. Appl. WO 02 68.368 (Cl. CO7(‘27 00). 6 Scp 2002. US Appl. PV287.356. A process for producing hydrocarbons suitable for the production of diesel fuel comprises contacting a synthesis gas feed stream containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone, where the catalyst comprises a metal sponge containing 85-990/o cobalt and l-15% stabilizing material.
03/01060 Manufacture of lubricating base oils and gas oils from Fischer-Tropsch products by hydrocracklnghydroisomerization and dewaxing Germaine, G. R. B. PCT Int. Appl. WO 02 70,627(Cl. ClOG65/00), I2 Sep 2002 EP Appl. 20011400,563. Two or more lubricating base oil of different grades in addition to a gas oil byproduct are manufactured from Fischer-Tropsch products by: (I) hydrocracking-hydroisomerizing a heavy Fischer-Tropsch feedstock that is characterized by a >0.2:1 weight ratio of C,h(,-compounds to C,30-compounds and in which >30 weight% of the fraction is composed of C ,3,+ompounds, followed by (2) separation of the product into one or more gas oil fractions and a lubricating base oil precursor fraction. A pour point reducing step (e.g. solvent dewaxing or catalytic hydrodewaxing) is then carried out to reduce the pour point of the lubricating base oil precursor prior to separating the dewaxed fraction into two or more lubricating base oil grades. Catalytic dewaxing is carried out at 275-375” and 40-70 bars over a Group VIII metal catalyst supported on a zeolite with pore diameter of 0.35-0.8 nm and incorporating a low-acidity alumina-free oxide binder. The base oil product, which has a pour point of c-60” to -lo”, a kinematic viscosity of l2-30cSt at loo”, a viscosity index of >125, and an evaporation loss of
03/01061 Mechanics of oil sands slurry flow in a flexible pipeline system
Ionkina, 0. ef rrl. PCT Int. Appl. WO 02 68,564 (Cl. CIOG2/00). 6 Sep 2002, US Appl. PV262,336. A process is disclosed for producing hydrocarbons. The process involves contacting a feed stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst in a reaction zone maintained at conversionpromoting conditions effective to produce an effluent stream comprising hydrocarbons. In accordance with this invention, the catalyst used in the process includes at least a Fischer-Tropsch metal and boron. The Fischer-Tropsch metal preferably includes cobalt and optionally ruthenium or platinum. The catalyst may also comprise a support material selected from the group including silica, titania, titania/alumina, zirconia, alumina. aluminium fluoride, and fluorided aluminas.
Frimpong, S. et al. Inrernutional Journul of Surface Minin,q Reclamution and Environmenr, 2002. 16. (2), 105-121. Slurry transportation is an economic haulage system in oil sands and coal-mining operations characterized by long haulage distances and rugged terrain. Hydraulic transportation is a proven and viable technology for slurry transportation in such conditions. Currently, stationary pipeline transportation is being used in transporting minerals in many mines. In this paper, the authors develop the ground articulating pipeline (GAP) technology to address this problem. The GAP system consists of pipelines connected together with flexible joints in each pipe section, which allows deflection to avoid torsional stresses from the adjoining frames. This flexible arrangement accommodates the horizontal and vertical displacements of the mobile system as it follows the hydraulic shovels in the excavation process. The mechanics of the GAP system, as well as the production-economic function, are formulated and simulated over an extended period using data and information from Syncrude’s North Mine. The results show that the GAP system is technical and economically viable for productivity between 6300 and 6500 tons per h. The simulated head loss for the GAP system is 15.66 m per 400 m, which compares with 20 m per 400 m for the existing stationary system at Syncrude. The pressure gradient-radius curves are asymptotic to the pipe boundaries, which indicates steep axial pressure gradient in these areas.
03/01077 fractions
03/01062 Multilayer tube made of polyamides and fluoropolymers for conveying fuel
03/01076
Boron promoted catalysts and Fischer-Tropsch
processes
Catalysts for ultra deep desulfurization of diesel
Fujikawa, T. Shokubui, 2002, 44, (5), 345-349. (In Japanese) In recent years, because air pollution from diesel engine exhaust gas has become a serious problem, much attention has been paid to produce ‘environmentally friendly’ diesel fuel. In this paper, the main trends in the diesel fuel specifications in the near future and the recent research and development of catalysts for ultra deep desulfurization have been introduced.
03101076 Cloud point giveaway Manka. J. S. Hmhcnrbon
212
Ey$wwin~.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
2002.
7. (7). h9--70. 72.
July 2003
Bussi, P. and Pery, F. Eur. Pat. App. EP 1,243,832 (Cl. F16Ll l/06), 25 Sep 2002, FR Appl. 200113,932. (In French) Tubes that exhibit good impact strength at low and high temperature, good antistatic properties, and no exudation into the fuel comprise a polyamide outer layer, an intermediate layer containing fluoropolymer and an alkyl methacrylate polymer, and a polyamide interior layer containing polyolefin powder and carbon black, and the tubes are manufactured by coextrusion of the layers. Optionally, the tubes have an additional layer between the outer and the intermediate layers and which is hased on ground waste from tube manufacturers.