- Email: [email protected]
Cedarwood oil texas
Fragrance raw materials monographs CEDARWOOD
OIL
711
TEXAS
Description and physical properties: EOA Spec. no. 36A. The main constituents of cedarwood oil Texas include cedrene, cedrol and pseudocedrol (Guenther, 1952). Occurrence: Found in the trunk and branches of Juniperus mexicana Schiede (Fam. Cupressaceae) (Guenther, 1952). Preparation: By distillation of the wood of J. mexicana Schiede (Guenther, 1952). Uses: In public use before the 1900s. Use in fragrances in the USA amounts to approximately 25,000 lb/yr. Concentration in final product (%): Usual Maximum Analytical
Soap 0.05 0.3
data: Gas chromatogram,
Detergent 0.005 0.03 RIFM
Creams, lotions 0.02 0.05
no. 75-12; infra-red
curve, RIFM
Perfume 0.2 0.8 no. 75-12.
Status Cedarwood oil Texas is not included in the listings of the FDA, of Europe (1974) or in the Food Chemicals Codex (1972). Biological
FEMA
(1965) or the Council
data
Acute toxicity. Both the acute oral LD,,, value in rats and the acute dermal LDsO value in rabbits exceeded 5 g/kg (Levenstein, 1975). Irritation. Undiluted cedarwood oil Texas was not irritating when applied to the backs of hairless mice and swine (Urbach & Forbes, 1975) or to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion (Levenstein, 1975). Tested at 8% in petrolatum it produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects (Kligman, 1975). Cedarwood oil (unspecified) caused no primary skin irritation in closed patch tests on 59 normal subjects at concentrations of 20 or 2% or on 148 subjects with dermatoses at 0.2% (Fujii, Furukawa & Suzuki, 1972). It has been reported to possess slight activity as an acute or chronic local irritant or allergen (Sax, 1975). Sensitization. A maximization test (Kligman, 1966; K&man & Epstein, 1975) was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concentration of 8”/b in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions (Kligman, 1975). Phototoxicity. No phototoxic effects were reported for undiluted cedarwood oil Texas on hairless mice and swine (Urbach & Forbes, 1975). Pharmacology. Cedarwood oil (unspecified) had no sedative effect on tadpoles within 6 hr (LeNouene, 1966). Micro-organisms. Cedarwood oil exhibited no antibacterial activity against five bacteria studied. Combination of cedarwood oil with other essential oils resulted in a decrease in antibacterial activity (Maruzzella & Henry, 1958). The vapour of cedarwood oil inhibited the growth of two of five bacteria studied (Maruzzella & Sicureila, 1960), and an oil-water mixture of cedarwood oil suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in approximately 2-3 hr (Schiirmann & Spitzner, 1960). Cedarwood oil exhibited slight antifungal activity against 1 of 15 fungi studied (Maruzzella & Liguori, 1958). Cedarwood oil (10 mg as a 2% solution in olive oil injected im once weekly) exhibited a weak therapeutic effect on experimental tuberculosis of the guinea-pig when combined with subeffective doses of dihydrostreptomycin. Cedarwood oil (100 pg/ml) had no antibacterial action in uitro on tubercle bacilli (Kato & Giizsy, 1958). References Council of Europe (1974). Natural Flavouring Substances, Their Sources, and Added Artificial Flavouring Substances. Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field. Strasbourg. ,Flavoring Extract Manufacturers’ Association (1965). Survey of flavoring ingredient usage levels. Fd Techno/., Champaign 19(2), part 2, 155. Food Chemicals Codex (1972). 2nd Ed. Prepared by the Committee on Specifications. Food Chemicals Codex, of the Committee on Food Protection. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Publ. 1406, Washington, D.C. Fujii, T., Furukawa. S. & Suzuki, S. (1972). Studies on compounded perfumes for toilet goods. On the non-irritative compounded perfumes for soaps. Yukagaku 21, 904. Guenther, E. (1952). The Essential Oils. Vol. VI, p. 365. D. Van Nostrand, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey. Kato, L. & G&y, B. (1958). Treatment of experimental tuberculosis of the guinea pig with dihydrostreptomitine and simultaneously with substances acting on the host. Archs int. Pharmacodyn. Thhr. 117, 52. Kligman, A. M. (1966). The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test. A procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. J. invest. Derm. 47, 393.
712
D. L. J.
OPDYKE
Kligman, A. M. (1975). Report to RIFM, 9 April. Kligman, A. M. & Epstein, W. (1975). Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens. Conract Dermaricis 1, 231. LeNouene. J. (1966). Contribution a l’ttude de I’absorption et de l’tlimination des balsamiques et de certaines huiles essentielles. Rev. Path. camp. 3, 613. Levenstein, I. (1975). Report to RIFM, 30 January. Maruzzella. J. C. & Henry. P. A. (1958). The in vitro antibacterial activity-of essential oils and oil combinations. J. Am. pharm. Ass. 41, 294. Maruzzella J. C. & Liguori, L. (1958):The in uitro antifungal activity of essential oils. J. Am. pharm. Ass. 41, 250. Maruzzella, J. C. & Sicurella N. A. (1960). Antibacterial activity of essential oil vapors. J. Am. pharm. Ass. 49, 692. Sax, N. I. (1975). Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 4th Ed., p. 526. Reinhold Book Corporation, New York. Schiirmann, C. u. Spitzner, W. (1960). Uber die antibakterielle Wirkung ltherischer idle in Abhangigkeit von Peroxydzahl und Wasserloslichkeit. Zbl. Bakr., I. Abr. Orig. 180, 234. Urbach, F. & Forbes, P. D. (1975). Report to RIFM. 28 February.
OIL
711
TEXAS
Description and physical properties: EOA Spec. no. 36A. The main constituents of cedarwood oil Texas include cedrene, cedrol and pseudocedrol (Guenther, 1952). Occurrence: Found in the trunk and branches of Juniperus mexicana Schiede (Fam. Cupressaceae) (Guenther, 1952). Preparation: By distillation of the wood of J. mexicana Schiede (Guenther, 1952). Uses: In public use before the 1900s. Use in fragrances in the USA amounts to approximately 25,000 lb/yr. Concentration in final product (%): Usual Maximum Analytical
Soap 0.05 0.3
data: Gas chromatogram,
Detergent 0.005 0.03 RIFM
Creams, lotions 0.02 0.05
no. 75-12; infra-red
curve, RIFM
Perfume 0.2 0.8 no. 75-12.
Status Cedarwood oil Texas is not included in the listings of the FDA, of Europe (1974) or in the Food Chemicals Codex (1972). Biological
FEMA
(1965) or the Council
data
Acute toxicity. Both the acute oral LD,,, value in rats and the acute dermal LDsO value in rabbits exceeded 5 g/kg (Levenstein, 1975). Irritation. Undiluted cedarwood oil Texas was not irritating when applied to the backs of hairless mice and swine (Urbach & Forbes, 1975) or to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion (Levenstein, 1975). Tested at 8% in petrolatum it produced no irritation after a 48-hr closed-patch test on human subjects (Kligman, 1975). Cedarwood oil (unspecified) caused no primary skin irritation in closed patch tests on 59 normal subjects at concentrations of 20 or 2% or on 148 subjects with dermatoses at 0.2% (Fujii, Furukawa & Suzuki, 1972). It has been reported to possess slight activity as an acute or chronic local irritant or allergen (Sax, 1975). Sensitization. A maximization test (Kligman, 1966; K&man & Epstein, 1975) was carried out on 25 volunteers. The material was tested at a concentration of 8”/b in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions (Kligman, 1975). Phototoxicity. No phototoxic effects were reported for undiluted cedarwood oil Texas on hairless mice and swine (Urbach & Forbes, 1975). Pharmacology. Cedarwood oil (unspecified) had no sedative effect on tadpoles within 6 hr (LeNouene, 1966). Micro-organisms. Cedarwood oil exhibited no antibacterial activity against five bacteria studied. Combination of cedarwood oil with other essential oils resulted in a decrease in antibacterial activity (Maruzzella & Henry, 1958). The vapour of cedarwood oil inhibited the growth of two of five bacteria studied (Maruzzella & Sicureila, 1960), and an oil-water mixture of cedarwood oil suppressed the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in approximately 2-3 hr (Schiirmann & Spitzner, 1960). Cedarwood oil exhibited slight antifungal activity against 1 of 15 fungi studied (Maruzzella & Liguori, 1958). Cedarwood oil (10 mg as a 2% solution in olive oil injected im once weekly) exhibited a weak therapeutic effect on experimental tuberculosis of the guinea-pig when combined with subeffective doses of dihydrostreptomycin. Cedarwood oil (100 pg/ml) had no antibacterial action in uitro on tubercle bacilli (Kato & Giizsy, 1958). References Council of Europe (1974). Natural Flavouring Substances, Their Sources, and Added Artificial Flavouring Substances. Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field. Strasbourg. ,Flavoring Extract Manufacturers’ Association (1965). Survey of flavoring ingredient usage levels. Fd Techno/., Champaign 19(2), part 2, 155. Food Chemicals Codex (1972). 2nd Ed. Prepared by the Committee on Specifications. Food Chemicals Codex, of the Committee on Food Protection. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Publ. 1406, Washington, D.C. Fujii, T., Furukawa. S. & Suzuki, S. (1972). Studies on compounded perfumes for toilet goods. On the non-irritative compounded perfumes for soaps. Yukagaku 21, 904. Guenther, E. (1952). The Essential Oils. Vol. VI, p. 365. D. Van Nostrand, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey. Kato, L. & G&y, B. (1958). Treatment of experimental tuberculosis of the guinea pig with dihydrostreptomitine and simultaneously with substances acting on the host. Archs int. Pharmacodyn. Thhr. 117, 52. Kligman, A. M. (1966). The identification of contact allergens by human assay. III. The maximization test. A procedure for screening and rating contact sensitizers. J. invest. Derm. 47, 393.
712
D. L. J.
OPDYKE
Kligman, A. M. (1975). Report to RIFM, 9 April. Kligman, A. M. & Epstein, W. (1975). Updating the maximization test for identifying contact allergens. Conract Dermaricis 1, 231. LeNouene. J. (1966). Contribution a l’ttude de I’absorption et de l’tlimination des balsamiques et de certaines huiles essentielles. Rev. Path. camp. 3, 613. Levenstein, I. (1975). Report to RIFM, 30 January. Maruzzella. J. C. & Henry. P. A. (1958). The in vitro antibacterial activity-of essential oils and oil combinations. J. Am. pharm. Ass. 41, 294. Maruzzella J. C. & Liguori, L. (1958):The in uitro antifungal activity of essential oils. J. Am. pharm. Ass. 41, 250. Maruzzella, J. C. & Sicurella N. A. (1960). Antibacterial activity of essential oil vapors. J. Am. pharm. Ass. 49, 692. Sax, N. I. (1975). Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 4th Ed., p. 526. Reinhold Book Corporation, New York. Schiirmann, C. u. Spitzner, W. (1960). Uber die antibakterielle Wirkung ltherischer idle in Abhangigkeit von Peroxydzahl und Wasserloslichkeit. Zbl. Bakr., I. Abr. Orig. 180, 234. Urbach, F. & Forbes, P. D. (1975). Report to RIFM. 28 February.