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Challenges of coal preparation
01
96/02354 The Influence of extraction with organic solvents on coking properties of raw and reduced coals Wachowska, H. and Kozlowski, M. Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 517-521. The dilatometric properties and Roga index of two orthcoking coals, subject to extraction with n-pentane, methylene chloride and chloroform, were determined in order to investigate the influence of low-molecular weight substances on coking properties of the coals. With increasing extraction yield, their dilatation and agglomerating capacity were observed to decrease, whereas their softening point was shifted towards higher temperatures. The effect of reduction by potassium in liquid ammonia on dilatometric properties of coals, as well as on their agglomerating capacity, was also studied. This reduction was found to cause a significant increase in coal dilatation, a decrease in softening temperature of the coals, and an insignificant increase in their agglomeration capacity. 96/02355 Maturation effects on absolute biomarker concentration in a suite of coals and associated vitrinite concentrates Dzou, L. r. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995,23, (7), 681-697. Extensive bulk chemical and petrographic characterization of 37 coals and vitrinite concentrates of the Lower Kittanning seam from western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio showed that the coals are compositionally similar and represent a uniform organic facies. Absolute concentrations of molecular constituents, rather than peak ratios, were determined based on the addition of internal standards to the extractable organic matter prior to seperation by liquid chromatography.
Solid fuels (preparation)
Preparation 96/02363 Adhesion of a latex flocculant to the surface of process apparatus In coal beneficiation Nikitin, r. N. Koks Khim., 1995, (2), 4-5. (In Russian) 96/02364 Adsorption of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonlum bromide) at lignite-aqueous solution interface Guerses, A. et al., Fuel Process Techno!., 1995, 45, (2), 75-84. The adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide from aqueous solution onto the lignite was investigated. 96/02365 Application of plasma technology in coal conversion Qiu, 1. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (2), 26-32. (In Chinese) Discusses the development and recent achievements of low-temperature coal ashing, coal gasification, and pyrolysis by plasma. 96/02366 Biologically derived value-added products from coal Polman, J. K. et al., Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1995,54, (1), 249-255. A review of coal bioprocessing and products from bioprocessing. Some of the topics discussed include: coal biosolubilization, biological depolymerization, prediction of coal bioprocessing product yields, reactors for coal bioprocessing, and biological coal depyritization.
96/02356 A model structure of Zao Zhuang bituminous coal Nakamura, K. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 1003-1010. A model structure of Zao Zhuang bituminous coal based on the structural analyses and the computer simulation was constructed. The coal was extracted with pyridine or CS 2-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mixed solvent, and the extracts obtained were further fractionated. The extract fractions were hydrogenated using Adkins catalyst at 430 0 for 1 h.
96/02367 Brodening of the use of coal mined by Vosslbrugol Ltd Shadov, I. M. Ugol', 1995, (2), 46-47. (In Russian) Coals produced in open-pit mines of Vossibrugol Ltd. fall into the brown coal and long flame coal categories, and they are used locally as fuels. The coals can be upgraded by thermal dissolution in petroleum residues, to give bitumen and fuels, and be hydrogenated.
96/02357 Monitoring of connection between adJacent wells in hydraulic treatment of coal beds Perezhilov, A. E. and Dikolenko, E. Y. Bezop. Tr. Prom-sti, 1995, (4), 17-21. (In Russian) Describes coal bed degassing by hydraulic fracturing via horizontal wells. The method to detect the breakthrough point is based on well outlet pressure.
96/02368 Caustic washing for refining of direct coalliquefactlon products Winschel, R. A. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 608-612. The paper discusses how caustic washing was found to be highly efficient and highly selective for the extraction of phenols from the light distillate fractions of modern two-stage direct coal liquefaction products. The extracts were composed almost entirely of phenolics and the lower boiling raffinates were almost devoid of phenolics.
96/02358 Rare earth element distribution pattern of coals in South China Chen, R. and we, H. Dadi Gouzao Yu Chengkuangxue, 1995, 19, (1), 43-53. Discusses the rare earth element distribution patterns based on geological features of coal seams and wall rocks, especially the distribution of hydrothermal veins and metamorphosed minerals. 96/02359 Semi-quantitative evaluation of aliphatic and aromatic structures In hard coals by IR-absorption spectroscopy Matuszewska, A. Karbo-Energochem.-Ekol., 1995,40, (8), 198-203. (In Polish) Discusses the semi-quantitative IR-absorption spectroscopy of organic matter of hards coals. 96/02360 The study of coal-derived pyrite using atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) and TGA Maes, I. I. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 509-512. The paper desribes how AP-TPR was used to examine the mechanism of pyrite reduction in coal especially in relation to the use of AP-TPR to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the different forms of organic sulphur coal. Two pyrite samples, obtained from coal of the Halemba and Jastrzebie mine (Poland), were subjected to temperature-programmed reduction in flowing H 2 at up to 1000°. 96/02361 Study on the factors affecting gas permeability of coal Zhang, G. er al., Chongqing Daxue Xuebao, 1995, 18, (3), 27·30. (In Chinese) Reports on a study of the permeability of coal from Nantong colliery carried out in the laboratory. The effects of desorbed gas temperature and water content on gas permeability were investigated. The results of these experiments indicated that a decrease in gas pressure without desorption decreases the permeability of the coal. However, below the desorption pressure, the permeability of coal for methane increases. 96/02362 The theory of genesis of secondary sulfur Baruah, M. K. Fuel Process. Techno!., 1995,45, (2), 155-160. Discusses the research on the formation of pyrite from organic sulphur in the organic matter of coal, peat, and sediments.
96/02369 Challenges of coal preparation Fonseca, A. G. Mill. Eng. (Lillie ton, Colo.), 1995, 47, (9), 828-834. Discusses how coal preparation plants in use today are efficient for ash reduction, pyrite and trace element removal. The alloy and ceramic construction materials permit extended equipment operating life. Improvements in the area of coal preparation lie in better equipment for processing the fine coal -590 um (-28 mesh), The improvements include the use of efficient and low-cost methods for coal-noncoal separation, fine-coal dewatering and automatic control systems for the plant. 96/02370 Changeover from the wet to the semi-wet process using residues from coal processing Duda, J. and Werynski, B. Verfahrenstech. Zementherstell, 4th VDZKongr. (1993), Bauverlag, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1995, 363-366. Discusses the use of the wet process, which is still predominant in Poland, with its high expenditure of thermal energy was the reason for extensive modernization. As well as the saving in energy it was also necessary to look for possible applications for industrial residues in order to preserve the limited reserves of natural raw materials. When converting the kiln at the WARTA cement works from the wet to the dry process the intention was to compensate for the lack of low-lime raw materials by using residues from coal processing. Carbonaceous residues proved suitable for this purpose. The process is intended to reduce energy consumption and raise the output by about 20%. 96/02371 Coal beneficiation in the Russian Federation Molchanov, A. E. and Groisman, S. I. Ugol', 1995, (6), 56-58. (In Russian) Discusses the changes that have occurred at coal preparation plants in Russia after USSR disintegration and associated problems. 96/02372 Coal briquette for gasification and its preparation Wei, C. et aI., Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu Pat. CN.1,102,667, May 1995. The coal briquette consists of anthracite, bituminous coal, and a binder. The binder comprises borax, Na silicate, and water. The briquette is prepared by mixing ground coal with the binder, press moulding and hardening at 200-300° for 15-30 minutes and at 400-500° for 20-40 minutes. 96/02373 Coal desulfurization by use of microbe Ohmura, N. and Saiki, H, Nenryo oyobi Nensho, 1995,62, (10), 723-732. (In Japanese) The paper covers sulphur compounds in coal, microbes, reaction mechanism, reactor engineering and applications.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
171
96/02354 The Influence of extraction with organic solvents on coking properties of raw and reduced coals Wachowska, H. and Kozlowski, M. Fuel, Mar. 1996, 75, (4), 517-521. The dilatometric properties and Roga index of two orthcoking coals, subject to extraction with n-pentane, methylene chloride and chloroform, were determined in order to investigate the influence of low-molecular weight substances on coking properties of the coals. With increasing extraction yield, their dilatation and agglomerating capacity were observed to decrease, whereas their softening point was shifted towards higher temperatures. The effect of reduction by potassium in liquid ammonia on dilatometric properties of coals, as well as on their agglomerating capacity, was also studied. This reduction was found to cause a significant increase in coal dilatation, a decrease in softening temperature of the coals, and an insignificant increase in their agglomeration capacity. 96/02355 Maturation effects on absolute biomarker concentration in a suite of coals and associated vitrinite concentrates Dzou, L. r. et al., Org. Geochem., 1995,23, (7), 681-697. Extensive bulk chemical and petrographic characterization of 37 coals and vitrinite concentrates of the Lower Kittanning seam from western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio showed that the coals are compositionally similar and represent a uniform organic facies. Absolute concentrations of molecular constituents, rather than peak ratios, were determined based on the addition of internal standards to the extractable organic matter prior to seperation by liquid chromatography.
Solid fuels (preparation)
Preparation 96/02363 Adhesion of a latex flocculant to the surface of process apparatus In coal beneficiation Nikitin, r. N. Koks Khim., 1995, (2), 4-5. (In Russian) 96/02364 Adsorption of CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonlum bromide) at lignite-aqueous solution interface Guerses, A. et al., Fuel Process Techno!., 1995, 45, (2), 75-84. The adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide from aqueous solution onto the lignite was investigated. 96/02365 Application of plasma technology in coal conversion Qiu, 1. Meitan Zhuanhua, 1995, 18, (2), 26-32. (In Chinese) Discusses the development and recent achievements of low-temperature coal ashing, coal gasification, and pyrolysis by plasma. 96/02366 Biologically derived value-added products from coal Polman, J. K. et al., Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 1995,54, (1), 249-255. A review of coal bioprocessing and products from bioprocessing. Some of the topics discussed include: coal biosolubilization, biological depolymerization, prediction of coal bioprocessing product yields, reactors for coal bioprocessing, and biological coal depyritization.
96/02356 A model structure of Zao Zhuang bituminous coal Nakamura, K. et al., Energy Fuels, 1995, 9, (6), 1003-1010. A model structure of Zao Zhuang bituminous coal based on the structural analyses and the computer simulation was constructed. The coal was extracted with pyridine or CS 2-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mixed solvent, and the extracts obtained were further fractionated. The extract fractions were hydrogenated using Adkins catalyst at 430 0 for 1 h.
96/02367 Brodening of the use of coal mined by Vosslbrugol Ltd Shadov, I. M. Ugol', 1995, (2), 46-47. (In Russian) Coals produced in open-pit mines of Vossibrugol Ltd. fall into the brown coal and long flame coal categories, and they are used locally as fuels. The coals can be upgraded by thermal dissolution in petroleum residues, to give bitumen and fuels, and be hydrogenated.
96/02357 Monitoring of connection between adJacent wells in hydraulic treatment of coal beds Perezhilov, A. E. and Dikolenko, E. Y. Bezop. Tr. Prom-sti, 1995, (4), 17-21. (In Russian) Describes coal bed degassing by hydraulic fracturing via horizontal wells. The method to detect the breakthrough point is based on well outlet pressure.
96/02368 Caustic washing for refining of direct coalliquefactlon products Winschel, R. A. et al., Prepr. Pap.-Am. Chern. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995, 40, (3), 608-612. The paper discusses how caustic washing was found to be highly efficient and highly selective for the extraction of phenols from the light distillate fractions of modern two-stage direct coal liquefaction products. The extracts were composed almost entirely of phenolics and the lower boiling raffinates were almost devoid of phenolics.
96/02358 Rare earth element distribution pattern of coals in South China Chen, R. and we, H. Dadi Gouzao Yu Chengkuangxue, 1995, 19, (1), 43-53. Discusses the rare earth element distribution patterns based on geological features of coal seams and wall rocks, especially the distribution of hydrothermal veins and metamorphosed minerals. 96/02359 Semi-quantitative evaluation of aliphatic and aromatic structures In hard coals by IR-absorption spectroscopy Matuszewska, A. Karbo-Energochem.-Ekol., 1995,40, (8), 198-203. (In Polish) Discusses the semi-quantitative IR-absorption spectroscopy of organic matter of hards coals. 96/02360 The study of coal-derived pyrite using atmospheric pressure temperature programmed reduction (AP-TPR) and TGA Maes, I. I. et al., Prepr. Pap-Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem., 1995,40, (3), 509-512. The paper desribes how AP-TPR was used to examine the mechanism of pyrite reduction in coal especially in relation to the use of AP-TPR to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the different forms of organic sulphur coal. Two pyrite samples, obtained from coal of the Halemba and Jastrzebie mine (Poland), were subjected to temperature-programmed reduction in flowing H 2 at up to 1000°. 96/02361 Study on the factors affecting gas permeability of coal Zhang, G. er al., Chongqing Daxue Xuebao, 1995, 18, (3), 27·30. (In Chinese) Reports on a study of the permeability of coal from Nantong colliery carried out in the laboratory. The effects of desorbed gas temperature and water content on gas permeability were investigated. The results of these experiments indicated that a decrease in gas pressure without desorption decreases the permeability of the coal. However, below the desorption pressure, the permeability of coal for methane increases. 96/02362 The theory of genesis of secondary sulfur Baruah, M. K. Fuel Process. Techno!., 1995,45, (2), 155-160. Discusses the research on the formation of pyrite from organic sulphur in the organic matter of coal, peat, and sediments.
96/02369 Challenges of coal preparation Fonseca, A. G. Mill. Eng. (Lillie ton, Colo.), 1995, 47, (9), 828-834. Discusses how coal preparation plants in use today are efficient for ash reduction, pyrite and trace element removal. The alloy and ceramic construction materials permit extended equipment operating life. Improvements in the area of coal preparation lie in better equipment for processing the fine coal -590 um (-28 mesh), The improvements include the use of efficient and low-cost methods for coal-noncoal separation, fine-coal dewatering and automatic control systems for the plant. 96/02370 Changeover from the wet to the semi-wet process using residues from coal processing Duda, J. and Werynski, B. Verfahrenstech. Zementherstell, 4th VDZKongr. (1993), Bauverlag, Wiesbaden, Germany, 1995, 363-366. Discusses the use of the wet process, which is still predominant in Poland, with its high expenditure of thermal energy was the reason for extensive modernization. As well as the saving in energy it was also necessary to look for possible applications for industrial residues in order to preserve the limited reserves of natural raw materials. When converting the kiln at the WARTA cement works from the wet to the dry process the intention was to compensate for the lack of low-lime raw materials by using residues from coal processing. Carbonaceous residues proved suitable for this purpose. The process is intended to reduce energy consumption and raise the output by about 20%. 96/02371 Coal beneficiation in the Russian Federation Molchanov, A. E. and Groisman, S. I. Ugol', 1995, (6), 56-58. (In Russian) Discusses the changes that have occurred at coal preparation plants in Russia after USSR disintegration and associated problems. 96/02372 Coal briquette for gasification and its preparation Wei, C. et aI., Faming Zhuanli Shenqing Gongkai Shuomingshu Pat. CN.1,102,667, May 1995. The coal briquette consists of anthracite, bituminous coal, and a binder. The binder comprises borax, Na silicate, and water. The briquette is prepared by mixing ground coal with the binder, press moulding and hardening at 200-300° for 15-30 minutes and at 400-500° for 20-40 minutes. 96/02373 Coal desulfurization by use of microbe Ohmura, N. and Saiki, H, Nenryo oyobi Nensho, 1995,62, (10), 723-732. (In Japanese) The paper covers sulphur compounds in coal, microbes, reaction mechanism, reactor engineering and applications.
Fuel and Energy Abstracts May 1996
171