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CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO SELF-MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG WHITE AND BLACK, LOW-INCOME ADULTS
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online
lung volume. These findings suggest that both anthropometry and BodPod measurements predict FFM but are different in scale. Since an age-related bias was found, we need better body composition estimation methods for young children. *
Supported by NIH-R01HD37748, the General Clinical Research Center (M01RR00240) and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Nutrition Center. TITLE: PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN AUTHOR(S): T. Norris, S. McWhinney, and L. Grant. Nutrition & Dietetics, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446 LEARNING OUTCOME: The incidence of over weight and/or obesity has significantly increased within the last few years, and has now reached epidemic proportion. Childhood obesity is of critical importance because of its association with health risks such as hypertension and diabetes. Recent report has indicated that over 40% of the minority population is either overweight or obese. Texas Department of Health and the University of Texas have developed a School Physical Activity and Nutrition Project (SPAN), the goal of which is to monitor overweight and obesity in school age population. The program also identifies factors in Texas students that may underline obesity.
TEXT: One hundred one 4th grade students in Waller County were surveyed to find out about their nutrition habits, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge using the SPAN instrument. The information gained will then be used to provide interventions that will improve students' nutritional and physical status, thereby decreasing obesity. Participants consisted of 47% males and 54% females. The sample population included African Americans, Hispanics and Caucasians. Forty three percent of the kids were overweight and at risk for obesity. A total of 74% of those surveyed were either on a weight loss diet or had previously tried a weight diet. The consumption of dairy products, fruits and vegetables were extremely low with 64-87% of the students receiving none or inadequate amounts of these foods. In comparison, 56% consumed high fat foods on a regular basis. Physical activity was reportedly low both in and out of school. A lot of hours were spent playing video games or watching television. The project results indicate that a plan needs to be developed that will address obesity, healthy eating habits and increased physical activity in this age group. TITLE: CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO SELF-MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG WHITE AND BLACK, LOW-INCOME ADULTS AUTHOR(S): J. P. Carpenter, MS; R. H. Cox, PhD, RD; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the extent to which characteristics shown to affect selfmanagement of type 2 diabetes are present among White and Black, low-income adults living in a southern state. TEXT: Diabetes is increasing rapidly in the U.S., with over 90% of those affected having type 2 http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (30 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:18 AM]
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online
diabetes. A cross-sectional, self-report survey was conducted to assess characteristics associated with self-management of type 2 diabetes (attitudes, behaviors, and perceived knowledge) among lowincome White and Black adults enrolled in the Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program (FSNEP). At the time of the study, almost 11% of FSNEP adult participants (457 individuals) throughout the state had type 2 diabetes. Among 196 subjects interviewed, 86 were White (44%) and 100 (51%) were Black. Results indicate that over three-fourths had been counseled on diet and exercise, but less that half were following dietary recommendations and only one-fourth were getting adequate physical activity. No significant differences were found between the two race groups on assessed characteristics or among subjects grouped by place of residence (p 0.01). Significant correlations were found among subjects' characteristics for perceived health status, perceived knowledge of diabetes, attitudes towards diabetes, meal-plan adherence, perceived barriers to physical activity, and reported diabetes control (p 0.0001). Findings suggest that (a) self-management education for type 2 diabetes does not need to be different for Blacks vs. Whites in southern states and (b) best disease control is achieved when those with type 2 diabetes have a high degree of knowledge of diabetes, positive attitudes, high meal plan adherence, and few perceived barriers to physical activity. TITLE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY FIBER INTAKE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN ADULT WOMEN: DATA FROM THE CONTINUING SURVEY OF FOOD INTAKE BY INDIVIDUALS AUTHOR(S): A.L. Eldridge PhD, RD; C.K. Good PhD, RD; A.M. Albertson MS, RD; N.M. Holschuh. General Mills, Inc. Minneapolis MN 55427 LEARNING OUTCOME: Increased dietary fiber intake may contribute to maintaining healthy body weight in adult women. TEXT: Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a relationship between dietary fiber intake and maintenance of healthy body weight. Dietary fiber consumption was examined utilizing the USDA's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII, 1994-96). Weighted data from the 2-day nationally representative sample were analyzed using SUDAAN®. Body mass index (BMI) was reported by 4,475 women ages 19 and over. These women were then classified into tertiles for descriptive purposes based on their fiber consumption. Within these classifications, mean BMI and proportion of women overweight/obese (BMI 25) were identified. Women in the upper tertile of fiber consumption had a lower mean BMI than women in the middle and lower tertiles (p<0.01). A regression model for the log of BMI as a linear function of fiber intake and energy and a quadratic function of age showed a significant predicted decrease in BMI with increasing fiber intake independent of age and energy (R2= 0.05) (p<0.001). Additionally, the proportion of females classified as overweight/obese was lower for the upper tertile compared to the middle and lower tertiles of dietary fiber intake (p<0.01). Women classified as overweight/obese were modeled by logistic regression using fiber, energy and age with a significantly lower predicted percent overweight/obese with increasing daily fiber consumption. These data support other research suggesting increased intake of dietary fiber may contribute to healthy weight in adult women. Dietitians should encourage their patients to eat a diet with adequate dietary fiber to help maintain healthy body weight. TITLE: LEADING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS USED BY VARIOUS SEX AND AGE GROUPS IN NHANES III http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (31 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:18 AM]
lung volume. These findings suggest that both anthropometry and BodPod measurements predict FFM but are different in scale. Since an age-related bias was found, we need better body composition estimation methods for young children. *
Supported by NIH-R01HD37748, the General Clinical Research Center (M01RR00240) and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Nutrition Center. TITLE: PREVALENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN AUTHOR(S): T. Norris, S. McWhinney, and L. Grant. Nutrition & Dietetics, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446 LEARNING OUTCOME: The incidence of over weight and/or obesity has significantly increased within the last few years, and has now reached epidemic proportion. Childhood obesity is of critical importance because of its association with health risks such as hypertension and diabetes. Recent report has indicated that over 40% of the minority population is either overweight or obese. Texas Department of Health and the University of Texas have developed a School Physical Activity and Nutrition Project (SPAN), the goal of which is to monitor overweight and obesity in school age population. The program also identifies factors in Texas students that may underline obesity.
TEXT: One hundred one 4th grade students in Waller County were surveyed to find out about their nutrition habits, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge using the SPAN instrument. The information gained will then be used to provide interventions that will improve students' nutritional and physical status, thereby decreasing obesity. Participants consisted of 47% males and 54% females. The sample population included African Americans, Hispanics and Caucasians. Forty three percent of the kids were overweight and at risk for obesity. A total of 74% of those surveyed were either on a weight loss diet or had previously tried a weight diet. The consumption of dairy products, fruits and vegetables were extremely low with 64-87% of the students receiving none or inadequate amounts of these foods. In comparison, 56% consumed high fat foods on a regular basis. Physical activity was reportedly low both in and out of school. A lot of hours were spent playing video games or watching television. The project results indicate that a plan needs to be developed that will address obesity, healthy eating habits and increased physical activity in this age group. TITLE: CHARACTERISTICS RELATED TO SELF-MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES AMONG WHITE AND BLACK, LOW-INCOME ADULTS AUTHOR(S): J. P. Carpenter, MS; R. H. Cox, PhD, RD; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA LEARNING OUTCOME: To identify the extent to which characteristics shown to affect selfmanagement of type 2 diabetes are present among White and Black, low-income adults living in a southern state. TEXT: Diabetes is increasing rapidly in the U.S., with over 90% of those affected having type 2 http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (30 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:18 AM]
Journal of the American Dietetic Association Online
diabetes. A cross-sectional, self-report survey was conducted to assess characteristics associated with self-management of type 2 diabetes (attitudes, behaviors, and perceived knowledge) among lowincome White and Black adults enrolled in the Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program (FSNEP). At the time of the study, almost 11% of FSNEP adult participants (457 individuals) throughout the state had type 2 diabetes. Among 196 subjects interviewed, 86 were White (44%) and 100 (51%) were Black. Results indicate that over three-fourths had been counseled on diet and exercise, but less that half were following dietary recommendations and only one-fourth were getting adequate physical activity. No significant differences were found between the two race groups on assessed characteristics or among subjects grouped by place of residence (p 0.01). Significant correlations were found among subjects' characteristics for perceived health status, perceived knowledge of diabetes, attitudes towards diabetes, meal-plan adherence, perceived barriers to physical activity, and reported diabetes control (p 0.0001). Findings suggest that (a) self-management education for type 2 diabetes does not need to be different for Blacks vs. Whites in southern states and (b) best disease control is achieved when those with type 2 diabetes have a high degree of knowledge of diabetes, positive attitudes, high meal plan adherence, and few perceived barriers to physical activity. TITLE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY FIBER INTAKE AND BODY MASS INDEX IN ADULT WOMEN: DATA FROM THE CONTINUING SURVEY OF FOOD INTAKE BY INDIVIDUALS AUTHOR(S): A.L. Eldridge PhD, RD; C.K. Good PhD, RD; A.M. Albertson MS, RD; N.M. Holschuh. General Mills, Inc. Minneapolis MN 55427 LEARNING OUTCOME: Increased dietary fiber intake may contribute to maintaining healthy body weight in adult women. TEXT: Previous epidemiological studies have suggested a relationship between dietary fiber intake and maintenance of healthy body weight. Dietary fiber consumption was examined utilizing the USDA's Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII, 1994-96). Weighted data from the 2-day nationally representative sample were analyzed using SUDAAN®. Body mass index (BMI) was reported by 4,475 women ages 19 and over. These women were then classified into tertiles for descriptive purposes based on their fiber consumption. Within these classifications, mean BMI and proportion of women overweight/obese (BMI 25) were identified. Women in the upper tertile of fiber consumption had a lower mean BMI than women in the middle and lower tertiles (p<0.01). A regression model for the log of BMI as a linear function of fiber intake and energy and a quadratic function of age showed a significant predicted decrease in BMI with increasing fiber intake independent of age and energy (R2= 0.05) (p<0.001). Additionally, the proportion of females classified as overweight/obese was lower for the upper tertile compared to the middle and lower tertiles of dietary fiber intake (p<0.01). Women classified as overweight/obese were modeled by logistic regression using fiber, energy and age with a significantly lower predicted percent overweight/obese with increasing daily fiber consumption. These data support other research suggesting increased intake of dietary fiber may contribute to healthy weight in adult women. Dietitians should encourage their patients to eat a diet with adequate dietary fiber to help maintain healthy body weight. TITLE: LEADING DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS USED BY VARIOUS SEX AND AGE GROUPS IN NHANES III http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/inst/serve?article=jjada0310309ab01&arttype=full (31 of 117) [3/21/2008 8:45:18 AM]