Chemical ionization mass spectrometry

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Brmkman et al , cited above, and the review by Pettersen and Skuterud of the apphcatlon of simple analytical procedures (such as spot tests and TLC) and computerized GC-MS m acute drug mtoxlcatlon studies In summary, this 1s a proceedings volume which includes some useful contrlbutlons The practlsmg chrohowever, already matographer,

overburdened by the extent of the hterature on his subject, will be relieved that his attention to this book can be brief and selective S J GASKELL Dr Gaskell IS at the Tenovus Institutefor

Cancer Research Welsh National School of Medlclne, Cardrff CF4 4Xx, UK

Non-mathematical descriptions Blochemlcal Appllcatlons of Raman and Resonance Raman Spectroscopees, by P R Carey, Academic Press, 1982 f22 6O/iJS$34 00 (XL + 262 pages) ISBN 0 12 159650 8

This 262 page book concerns Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy of blochemlcal interest There are eight chapters, of which the first three are devoted to mtroductory theory and experimental conslderatlons of Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy The author’s descrlptlon states that this part of the book 1s written for scientists, such as biochemists, with little background m Raman spectroscopy This goal 1s well met The description 1s rather non-mathematical and emphasizes conceptual understanding of the Raman phenomena and experimentation The reviewer was impressed by the plain expressions based on a deep understandmg of the techmque Sclentlflc precision has not been sacrificed Good orgamzatlon and concise description m Just 70 pages, including recent developments m Raman techniques such as Raman microprobe analysis and Raman optical activity, makes superb mtroductory material for beginners as well as professional spectroscopists This part of the book is recommended as a textbook for any scientist, regardless of what the title seems to indicate Chapters 4-8 review the major portlon of blochemlcal research by Raman spectroscopy To a blochemlst, this 1s a valuable part of the book since it reviews many recent articles

m the area of protein conformation, natural protein-bound chromophores, nucleic acids and nucleic acid-protein complexes, lipids, membranes and carbohydrates Apphcatlon of resonance Raman spectroscopy occupies a large portion of these chapters They are unavoidably amllar to those pubhshed on related subjects except for two unique aspects To the reviewer’s knowledge, this 1s the first book which extensively describes UV resonance Raman spectroscopy Though this 1s a simple extension of visible resonance Raman spectroscopy mto the UV region, it offers a number of umque advan-

tages which are well exemplified m these chapters Also unique 1s the mcorporation of a chapter entitled ‘Resonance Raman Labels’ which was an area pioneered by the author m the early 1970s The technique mvolves chromophores carefully designed to mimic natural blochemlcal components This technique should be useful to nonblologlcal areas as well In each of the blochemlcally-related chapters, there 1s a section briefly describing the chemistry and blochemlcal nomenclature involved This helps even the non-blochemlst to read through the book without major interruptions Overall, this book 1s kmd to those who are not familiar with the field, but deep enough for a professional to enjoy and refer to It 1s to be recommended, even for non-biochemists Since the book 1s intended to aid m experimentation, it is of little value m the theoretical aspects of Raman and resonance Raman analysis HATSUO ISHIDA

Dr Ishlda LSln the Case Instrtute of Technology, Case Western Reserve Unwerslty, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA

Possible text for Cl-MS short course Chemical Ionrzatlon Mass Spectrometry by Alex G Harrison, CRC Press Inc, 1983 US $56 00 (USA), US $64 00 (rest of the world) (VI + 156 pages) ISBN 0 8493 5616 4

This 1s the first book length treatment of chemical lomzatlon (CI) mass spectrometry, which was mtroduced as a method for chemical analysis 17 years ago The analytical potential of negative chemical lomzatlon (NCI) mass spectrometry was first investigated five years later In CI and NC1 mass spectra, ions are formed from analytes by chemical processes The resulting spectra give chemical mformatlon about the sample, m addition to dlmmlshmg the fragmentation that usually occurs af-

ter electron lomzatlon Chemical lomzatlon and negative chemical Ionization techniques are very widely used for analysis and studies of reactivity This book 1s a welcome addltlon to the literature of m&s spectrometry and should be a very useful addition to the hbranes of both experts and novices m the field Professor Harrison has been a major contributor to our understandmg of the details of ion-molecule reactions and this understanding comes through clearly m his presentation of chemical lomzatlon processes A chapter on fundamentals of gas phase ion chemistry also has extensive lists of proton affmltles and related physical constants The chapter on chemical lomzatlon reagents systems discusses all of

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the reagent gas systems that have been widely used m analytlcal chemistry The dlscusslon 1s supplemented with tables of hydride ion affmltles and proton affmltles for the positive and negative chemical romzatlon reagents The dlscusslon of chemical ionization mass spectra is sufficiently general to give a thorough mtroductlon to the analytical utility of both positive and negative ion reaction Each of the chapters m this book 1s amply documented with numerous references to the recent literature The book 1s well written and easy to

read It could easily serve as a text for a short course m chemical lomzatlon mass spectrometry The book contains sufflclent facts that it should be useful for some time to both experts and begmners m the field of mass spectrometry RALPH C DOUGHERTY

Professor Ralph C Dougherty IS m the Department of Chemrstry, Florrda State Umversrty, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA

Heavy metal pollation, a careful compilation Blologlcal Morutonng of Heavy Metal Pollution, Land and Au-, by M H Martin and P J Coughtrey, Applied Science Publishers, 1982 f39 00 (xl + 475 pages) ISBN 0 85334 136 2

Heavy metals are blologlcally active and tend to accumulate and persist m sol1 and certain animal body tissues Interest m their behavlour m the environment 1s therefore widespread This book, the latest m a pollution momtormg series, provides a critical and balanced assessment of the use of blologlcal momtormg for mdlcatmg the occurrence of heavy metals m the environment An mtroductory chapter includes sections on the defmltlon of a heavy metal, sources of pollution, guidance on the use of blologlcal mdlcators and monitors, the philosophy of momtormg and criteria for selection of good momtormg materials This IS followed by a chapter on geobotamcal and blogeochemlcal prospectmg techniques Chapter 3 describes the use of vegetation for momtormg airborne heavy metal deposition This 1s a complex subject which the authors have dealt with comprehensively Problems of interpretation arising from the deposltlon, interception and retention of dust on leaves, bark, mosses, lichens, etc are dealt with crltlcally and the advantages and dls-

advantages of the use of different vegetation systems are presented Plants as monitors of soil contamination are considered m Chapter 4 Metal dlstrlbutlon m sods, uptake by plants and metal tolerance by plants are discussed, and also the use of tltamum as an indicator of contammatlon by sol1 A detailed discussion of the relatlonshlps between total and extractable metal contents m sods and the factors controlling metal levels m plants 1s provided The use of animals as monitors and indicators 1s considered m Chapter 5 Invertebrates, such as earthworms and woodhce, have been successfully used m particular sltuatlons, as have the hair, fur or antlers of animals and the feathers of birds The necessity of an understanding of the feeding habits of invertebrates 1s emphasized while problems due to the differences m metal contents of specific animal organs are also amply illustrated The next chapter discusses the use of imported materials as momtormg agents, with particular reference to moss bags These are simple, mexpensive monitors which can be placed where required and produce reproducible results They are also not subject to the many variables which affect the results obtained with living organisms Useful comparisons between the results obtained

from moss bags with those from other deposltlon gauges are made Retrospective momtormg by analysis of materials grown or formed at intervals over time scales of tens or even thousands of years, such as tree rings, herbarium speamens, peat, bones, teeth and hair 1s then assessed m Chapter 7 and the flnal chapter puts blologlcal momtoring in perspective This book contains a wealth of mterestmg mformatlon and the authors expertise m the field 1s clearly reflected They have drawn from a wide range of sources, however, and integrated this mto detailed and comprehensive tables which appear throughout the volume The data reported mevltably concern mainly Pb, Cd, Hg, Cu and Zn which have received most attention, but all the metals are covered where appropriate The authors have been successful m their aim of providing mformatlon on the processes of envlronmental release, transport, accumulation and toxlclty and are to be commended m producing a most valuable critical assessment of the mformatlon contained m over 1500 listed references Each chapter of this carefully compiled book ends with clearly stated conclusions and/or recommendations which will provide excellent guidance to all those with an mterest m heavy metal pollution problems and particularly those involved m measuring their effects MICHAEL L BERROW

Dr Berrow IS m the Department of Spectrochemutry, The Macaulay Institute for Sol1 Research, Gralgrebuckler, Aberdeen, AB92QJ, UK