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Chlorophosphorylated atactic polypropylene
592
A~stracts
a n d the axis of the macromolecule is directed to the pole of the projection. On Fig. 2 which shows the pole figure Hr03 the axis of the maeromolecule has been passed through the center o f the projection. F o r t h e complete description of the crystallite orientation it is sufficient to determine the dispersion of the directions of the macromolecular axes and find the value for the rotation about this axis. I t follows from the p o l e figure H~I 5 t h a t the axes of the macromolecules are distributed maindy in the plane of the film. F r o m a comparison of the pole figures Hi00, H100 a n d H i l 0 it follows thab half the crystallites turn about Hr0.~ in one direction and the other half in the other direction (Fig. 2). Hence the dispersion in orientation resolves mainly to rotation about Hi05, i.e. to the orientation of the macromolecules in the plane of the film a n d to rotations about the axis of the macromolecule. The axial planar structure comprises, as it were, two incomplete axial structures, the axes of which are the axis of the macromolecule a n d the normal to the plane of the film. INTRINSIC VISCOSITY OF PECTIN
I . O . S h u b t s o v a , T. S. D m i t r i e v a , V. B. S h c h a s t n e v a n d S. A. G l i k m a n , V y s o k o m o l , s o y e d . 5: N o . 1, 1 3 5 - 1 3 8 , 1963. THE true values for the intrinsic viscosity [~/]¢oof pectin determined b y extrapolation of the straight lines [~] ~f(c~'h) to infinite concentration o f the low molecular electrolyte are independent of the degree of substitution of hydrogen in the carboxyl groups of polygalacturonic acid or of the nature of the substituent cations, provided the low molecular electrolyte a d d e d to depress the ionization is HC1 or l~aC1. The use of HC1 is convenient since complete inhibition of ionization of the weak acid formed in this w a y takes place already with low amounts of the addition agent, thus obviating the necessity of detez~nining the [t]]~f(c~ lh) relation. The true values for [q]~ cannot be determined b y the addition to the pectin solution o f low molecular electrolytes with polyvalent cations. SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULAR HERBICIDES
Z. V o l k o b e r a n d I . S.
Varga, Vysokomol. s o y e d .
5: N o . 1, 1 3 9 - 1 4 4 , 1963.
/k N~ w polyvinylaleehol (PVA) derivatiwe, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaeetic ester has been prepared lzy reaction of P V A in the melt with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The product possesses herbicidal properties. New mixed cellulose esters with acetic and 2,4-D acids prepared b y reaction of cellulose di- and triacetate with 2,4-D in the melt a p p a r e n t l y are also herbicidal. Optimum conditions for the preparation of the 2,4-diehlorophenoxyaeetic ester of P V A containing up to 60-65 mole ~o of ester groups have been established. The properties of tbe resultant ester 2,4-D of PVA (solubility, viscosity and hydrolysis in media with various p H values) have been investigated. The herbicidal properties were confirmed b y biological tests. CHLOROPHOSPHORYLATED ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE
D . B e ] l ~ s , Z. M a ~ h s e k a n d M. L a z a r , V y s o k o m o ] . s o y e d . 5: N o . 1, 1 4 5 - 1 5 0 , 1963. THE homogenous reaction of at~ctic polypropylene with phosphorus trichloride a n d oxygen a t 50-55' has been investigated. A number of phosphorylated polymers with --PO(OH)2 groups incorporated in the chain were prepared, The solubility of atactic polypropylene in the usual solvents decreases with increasing degree of phosphonation a n d increases in polar solvents. I t was found t h a t the polymers possess ion exchange proper$ies, for N a +1 71% of the theoretical and for Mg+~ 11 °/o of the theoretical. The glass transition point of the phosphonated polymers is raised and the high elastic deformation takes place at higher temperatures. The polymers are more flame resistant a n d with P contents over 4"7~o even become self-extinguishing.
A~stracts
a n d the axis of the macromolecule is directed to the pole of the projection. On Fig. 2 which shows the pole figure Hr03 the axis of the maeromolecule has been passed through the center o f the projection. F o r t h e complete description of the crystallite orientation it is sufficient to determine the dispersion of the directions of the macromolecular axes and find the value for the rotation about this axis. I t follows from the p o l e figure H~I 5 t h a t the axes of the macromolecules are distributed maindy in the plane of the film. F r o m a comparison of the pole figures Hi00, H100 a n d H i l 0 it follows thab half the crystallites turn about Hr0.~ in one direction and the other half in the other direction (Fig. 2). Hence the dispersion in orientation resolves mainly to rotation about Hi05, i.e. to the orientation of the macromolecules in the plane of the film a n d to rotations about the axis of the macromolecule. The axial planar structure comprises, as it were, two incomplete axial structures, the axes of which are the axis of the macromolecule a n d the normal to the plane of the film. INTRINSIC VISCOSITY OF PECTIN
I . O . S h u b t s o v a , T. S. D m i t r i e v a , V. B. S h c h a s t n e v a n d S. A. G l i k m a n , V y s o k o m o l , s o y e d . 5: N o . 1, 1 3 5 - 1 3 8 , 1963. THE true values for the intrinsic viscosity [~/]¢oof pectin determined b y extrapolation of the straight lines [~] ~f(c~'h) to infinite concentration o f the low molecular electrolyte are independent of the degree of substitution of hydrogen in the carboxyl groups of polygalacturonic acid or of the nature of the substituent cations, provided the low molecular electrolyte a d d e d to depress the ionization is HC1 or l~aC1. The use of HC1 is convenient since complete inhibition of ionization of the weak acid formed in this w a y takes place already with low amounts of the addition agent, thus obviating the necessity of detez~nining the [t]]~f(c~ lh) relation. The true values for [q]~ cannot be determined b y the addition to the pectin solution o f low molecular electrolytes with polyvalent cations. SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULAR HERBICIDES
Z. V o l k o b e r a n d I . S.
Varga, Vysokomol. s o y e d .
5: N o . 1, 1 3 9 - 1 4 4 , 1963.
/k N~ w polyvinylaleehol (PVA) derivatiwe, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyaeetic ester has been prepared lzy reaction of P V A in the melt with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The product possesses herbicidal properties. New mixed cellulose esters with acetic and 2,4-D acids prepared b y reaction of cellulose di- and triacetate with 2,4-D in the melt a p p a r e n t l y are also herbicidal. Optimum conditions for the preparation of the 2,4-diehlorophenoxyaeetic ester of P V A containing up to 60-65 mole ~o of ester groups have been established. The properties of tbe resultant ester 2,4-D of PVA (solubility, viscosity and hydrolysis in media with various p H values) have been investigated. The herbicidal properties were confirmed b y biological tests. CHLOROPHOSPHORYLATED ATACTIC POLYPROPYLENE
D . B e ] l ~ s , Z. M a ~ h s e k a n d M. L a z a r , V y s o k o m o ] . s o y e d . 5: N o . 1, 1 4 5 - 1 5 0 , 1963. THE homogenous reaction of at~ctic polypropylene with phosphorus trichloride a n d oxygen a t 50-55' has been investigated. A number of phosphorylated polymers with --PO(OH)2 groups incorporated in the chain were prepared, The solubility of atactic polypropylene in the usual solvents decreases with increasing degree of phosphonation a n d increases in polar solvents. I t was found t h a t the polymers possess ion exchange proper$ies, for N a +1 71% of the theoretical and for Mg+~ 11 °/o of the theoretical. The glass transition point of the phosphonated polymers is raised and the high elastic deformation takes place at higher temperatures. The polymers are more flame resistant a n d with P contents over 4"7~o even become self-extinguishing.