Circadian and other metabolic rhythms in relation to disease

426 Most, it not a l l of the higher animal organisms c a n be said to have a crude sort of emotional language. Thus a dog whines, or i t growls, or it y e l p s , o r it howls. Other animals m a y react distinctively to these signals. Similar differentiations have been found in the case of m a n y b i r d calls. T h e outstanding examp l e of communication in insects is the dance of the bees. R e c e n t l y , fantastic claims have been m a d e for the bottlenoso dolphin o r porpoise with regard to communication. I t has been supposed by s o m e - - a n d unfortunately widely circulated in the news m e d i a ~ t h a t porpoises have an e l a b o r a t e communication system and can even imitate h u m a n speech. Although the dolphin is certainly a ve~, remarkable animal, these claims are without any real sub-

s t a n t i a t i n g evidence a n d lyelong only in the realm of fantasy or s c i e n c e fiction. Some ways in which the d o l p h i n actually uses its u n d e r w a t e r sound signals, and s i m p l e instances of non-auditory communication will b e e x a m i n e d . D e v i ant behavior will algo b e discussed. P e r c e p t u a l D e v e l o p m e n t and P s y c h o p a t h o l o g y in H u m a n s and I n f r a h u m a n s HERBERT G. Blr~CH, M.D., P h . D . , Al-~

bert Einstein College of M e d i c i n e Perceptual d e v e l o p m e n t will b e c o n sidered as the e l a b o r a t i o n of t h e developm e n t o f increasing inter-relations a m o n g the separate senseD, systems. T h e aberrant d e v e l o p m e n t of such patterns of intersensory liaison will be r e l a t e d to the p a t t e r n i n g of maladaptive behavior.

S A T U R D A Y M O R N I N G , 9 : 0 0 A.M., F E B R U A R Y 20, 1965 Session I I I . G e n e t i c s , I n t e r n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a n d B r a i n F u n c t i o n

Chairman: B ~ N A m ) C. GL~C~:, Jxa., M . D . Circadian and O t h e r Metabolic R h y t h m s in R e l a t i o n to D i s e a s e

FxaA~-z I-IAX.BmaC, M.D., University of

~1in nesota R h y t h m s with several frequencies characterizing several functions can be evaluated for endpoints such as amplitude, period, phase, variance quotient at a given frequency a n d variance shifts among frequencies. Methods for gauging such endpoints will be illustrated for their-suitability to test temporal aspects of p a t h o l o g y in emotional disorders. Prenatal

Gonadal

Hormones

and

Be-

havior in the Adult ~VILLIAM C. YOtrNG, Ph.D., Director,

Reproductive Physiology, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center

T h e relationship of the fetal gonads to the organization or differentiation of the central nervous tissues destined to mediate sexual and sex-related behavior in adult mammals will be described. Guinea pigs, rats, a n d rhesus monkeys have been studied. T h e relationships are analogous to those between fetal gonadal hormones and the differentiation of the genital tracts. V,rhen androgen is p r e s e n t in the fetus, masculinization of the genital tract and of central n e r v o u s tissues is effected in genotypic males and in genotypio females. In genotypic females t h e action on central nervous tissues seems to be more profound than that on the genital tracts. "~Vhen androgen is absents as in intact genotypie females or after early g o n a d e c t o m y of either males or females, the individuals do not become masculinized; genital tract development tends to