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CME Questions for European Urology Supplements Volume 16 (2017) pp. 168–193
EUROPEAN UROLOGY SUPPLEMENTS 16 (2017) 194–195
available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com
CME Questions for European Urology Supplements Volume 16 (2017) pp. 168–193
CME questions All CME articles can be read and answered for CME credit at http://www.eu-acme.org/europeanurology/ 6. 1. The reason why a varicocele occurs mainly on the left side is due to A. insertion of the left testicular vein into the left adrenal vein. B. insertion of the left testicular vein into the left renal vein. C. a larger number of collateral veins of the left testicular vein. D. a longer pathway of the left testicular vein compared with the right. 2. The incidence of a varicocele is associated with A. a high incidence of azoospermia. B. a high incidence of oligoasthenospermia. C. a high incidence of progressive deterioration of Leydig cells. D. normal incidence of paternity. 3. The European Association of Urology paediatric guidelines 2016 recommend the following criteria for varicocele treatment in children and adolescents: A. a varicocele with a small left testis. B. a grade 3 left varicocele. C. a varicocele in early puberty with abnormal sperm quality. D. a grade 2 or 3 left varicocele and a total testes volume of <20 ml. 4. The incidence of a left-sided varicocele in subfertile men is A. 15%. B. 30%. C. 45%. D. 60%. 5. Regarding hypospadias, which statement is correct? A. It is the most frequent congenital penile malformation (CPM). B. It is believed to be multifactorial: with genetic, maternal, foetal, and environmental influences. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eursup.2017.08.003 1569-9056/
7.
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C. Studies suggest an increase in incidence in Western countries over the last few decades. D. All three statements are correct. Concerning the role of androgens, which statements are correct? A. They have proven to be of utmost importance in development of prostate cancer. B. Androgen receptors have become the target of many therapeutic options in prostate cancer. C. They have an important influence in the development of the genital tubercle into a penis. D. All statements are correct. What is true for the development of the genital tubercle into a penis or into female genitals? A. It begins around the 12th gestational wk. B. It occurs under the influence of the sex-determining region Y gene. C. It is only determined by the chromosomal sex (XX or XY). D. It cannot be influenced by maternal/environmental factors. Which statement about dartos tissue is correct? A. It originates from Colles perineal fascia and from Scarpa’s abdominal fascia. B. It is located deep under the penile skin, under Buck’s fascia. C. It has no muscular component. D. It does not play a role in thermal regulation of the scrotum. Which statement is correct? Initial studies about dartos tissue have shown A. that dartos tissue pathology is involved in CPM. B. that dartos tissue disorganisation is correlated to the clinical severity of the CPM. C. that androgen receptors might influence dartos tissue development. D. All three statements are correct. Which statement about a buried penis is correct? A. It can be surgically corrected. B. It is not defined by a redundant preputial tissue.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY SUPPLEMENTS 16 (2017) 194–195
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C. It is always observed as a primary condition and never occurs after surgery such as circumcision. D. It is under the direct influence of the sex-determining region Y gene Which is the most effective treatment option in a 5yr-old child with 3-cm renal stone? A. Micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). B. Ultramini-PNL. C. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). D. Ultrathin ureteroscopy. E. Mini-PNL. In which of the following procedures is the intrarenal pressure the highest? A. Micro-PNL. B. Ultramini-PNL. C. Mini-PNL. D. RIRS. E. Standard PNL. When is open/laparoscopic surgery indicated in paediatric stone disease? A. Lower pole stones. B. Cystine stones. C. Staghorn stones. D. Stones in children with anatomic abnormalities. E. Multiple calyceal renal stones. Which treatment option is most preferable in renal pelvis stones between 1 1/2cm and 2 1/2cm in children according to European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology guidelines recommendations?
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A. Micro-PNL. B. Mini-PNL. C. RIRS. D. Shock wave lithotripsy. E. Laparoscopy. 15. Which statement about long-term effects of vesicoureteral reflux is correct? Vesico-ureteral reflux is a cause of dialysis treatment in adults in A. 1-5%. B. 5-10%. C. 10-15%. D. 15-20%. E. 20-25%. 16. Which answer is not correct? Following pyeloplasty, improvement of hydronephrosis is seen in how many patients at which time? A. 36% by 6 mo. B. 60% by 1 yr. C. 81% by 2 yr. D. 91% at 8 yr. E. 100% at 10 yr. 17. How common are long-term voiding problems after childhood hypospadia surgery? A. Difficulty initiating micturition in 25-50%. B. Spraying in 25-50%. C. Elevated postvoid residual in 40%. D. All of the above are correct. E. None of the above are correct.
available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.europeanurology.com
CME Questions for European Urology Supplements Volume 16 (2017) pp. 168–193
CME questions All CME articles can be read and answered for CME credit at http://www.eu-acme.org/europeanurology/ 6. 1. The reason why a varicocele occurs mainly on the left side is due to A. insertion of the left testicular vein into the left adrenal vein. B. insertion of the left testicular vein into the left renal vein. C. a larger number of collateral veins of the left testicular vein. D. a longer pathway of the left testicular vein compared with the right. 2. The incidence of a varicocele is associated with A. a high incidence of azoospermia. B. a high incidence of oligoasthenospermia. C. a high incidence of progressive deterioration of Leydig cells. D. normal incidence of paternity. 3. The European Association of Urology paediatric guidelines 2016 recommend the following criteria for varicocele treatment in children and adolescents: A. a varicocele with a small left testis. B. a grade 3 left varicocele. C. a varicocele in early puberty with abnormal sperm quality. D. a grade 2 or 3 left varicocele and a total testes volume of <20 ml. 4. The incidence of a left-sided varicocele in subfertile men is A. 15%. B. 30%. C. 45%. D. 60%. 5. Regarding hypospadias, which statement is correct? A. It is the most frequent congenital penile malformation (CPM). B. It is believed to be multifactorial: with genetic, maternal, foetal, and environmental influences. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eursup.2017.08.003 1569-9056/
7.
8.
9.
10.
C. Studies suggest an increase in incidence in Western countries over the last few decades. D. All three statements are correct. Concerning the role of androgens, which statements are correct? A. They have proven to be of utmost importance in development of prostate cancer. B. Androgen receptors have become the target of many therapeutic options in prostate cancer. C. They have an important influence in the development of the genital tubercle into a penis. D. All statements are correct. What is true for the development of the genital tubercle into a penis or into female genitals? A. It begins around the 12th gestational wk. B. It occurs under the influence of the sex-determining region Y gene. C. It is only determined by the chromosomal sex (XX or XY). D. It cannot be influenced by maternal/environmental factors. Which statement about dartos tissue is correct? A. It originates from Colles perineal fascia and from Scarpa’s abdominal fascia. B. It is located deep under the penile skin, under Buck’s fascia. C. It has no muscular component. D. It does not play a role in thermal regulation of the scrotum. Which statement is correct? Initial studies about dartos tissue have shown A. that dartos tissue pathology is involved in CPM. B. that dartos tissue disorganisation is correlated to the clinical severity of the CPM. C. that androgen receptors might influence dartos tissue development. D. All three statements are correct. Which statement about a buried penis is correct? A. It can be surgically corrected. B. It is not defined by a redundant preputial tissue.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY SUPPLEMENTS 16 (2017) 194–195
11.
12.
13.
14.
C. It is always observed as a primary condition and never occurs after surgery such as circumcision. D. It is under the direct influence of the sex-determining region Y gene Which is the most effective treatment option in a 5yr-old child with 3-cm renal stone? A. Micro-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). B. Ultramini-PNL. C. Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). D. Ultrathin ureteroscopy. E. Mini-PNL. In which of the following procedures is the intrarenal pressure the highest? A. Micro-PNL. B. Ultramini-PNL. C. Mini-PNL. D. RIRS. E. Standard PNL. When is open/laparoscopic surgery indicated in paediatric stone disease? A. Lower pole stones. B. Cystine stones. C. Staghorn stones. D. Stones in children with anatomic abnormalities. E. Multiple calyceal renal stones. Which treatment option is most preferable in renal pelvis stones between 1 1/2cm and 2 1/2cm in children according to European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology guidelines recommendations?
195
A. Micro-PNL. B. Mini-PNL. C. RIRS. D. Shock wave lithotripsy. E. Laparoscopy. 15. Which statement about long-term effects of vesicoureteral reflux is correct? Vesico-ureteral reflux is a cause of dialysis treatment in adults in A. 1-5%. B. 5-10%. C. 10-15%. D. 15-20%. E. 20-25%. 16. Which answer is not correct? Following pyeloplasty, improvement of hydronephrosis is seen in how many patients at which time? A. 36% by 6 mo. B. 60% by 1 yr. C. 81% by 2 yr. D. 91% at 8 yr. E. 100% at 10 yr. 17. How common are long-term voiding problems after childhood hypospadia surgery? A. Difficulty initiating micturition in 25-50%. B. Spraying in 25-50%. C. Elevated postvoid residual in 40%. D. All of the above are correct. E. None of the above are correct.