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Comparisons of clinical and polysomnographic findings between narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia
Abstracts / Sleep Medicine 14S (2013) e93–e164
motor skills, like typing on a regular keyboard. Interestingly, performance on the habitual skill often worsens after practicing such an unusual skill. The aim of our study was to investigate whether sleep modifies this interfering effect. Materials and methods: 25 males (25.44 ± 4.56 years) had to practice touch typing of words with 5 letters length as rapidly and accurately as possible on a regular keyboard and on a mirrored keyboard. The training period for the regular keyboard consisted of four 3 min blocks. This regular typing period was followed by three times four 3 min blocks on the mirrored keyboard. Testing on the regular and mirrored keyboard (each typing condition was tested during two 3 min blocks) occurred after 8 h of diurnal wakefulness (wake group, n = 11) or nocturnal sleep (sleep group, n = 14). The sleep group spent two nights with polysomnography (baseline and experimental night) in the sleep laboratory. Fine-motor performance was measured by the number of correctly typed letters per 30 s. Sleep was scored visually according to AASM criteria and sleep spindles were detected automatically (The Siesta Group, Vienna, Austria). Results: A 2 2 2 ANOVA for repeated measures with the within-subject factors TIME (pre vs. post sleep/wakefulness) and CONDITION (regular vs. mirrored typing) and the between subject factor GROUP (sleep vs. wake) revealed a significant interaction between TIME CONDITION GROUP (F1,23 = 9.959, p = 0.004). Subjects in the sleep group showed a significant decrease in regular typing speed after nocturnal sleep whereas mirrored typing did not change. On the other hand, for subjects in the wake group we found a significant deterioration in mirrored typing but no change in regular typing. Furthermore, we could demonstrate a significant correlation (r14 = 0.644, p = 0.013) between fast (13–15 Hz) sleep spindle number during sleep stage N2 and overnight gains in mirrored typing. Conclusion: Our results indicate an increased retroactive interference during regular keyboard typing after sleep which may occur because of a more effective consolidation of the mirrored keyboard typing skill during sleep in comparison to wakefulness. Additionally, we provide evidence that fast sleep spindle number during N2 promotes unlearning of an overlearned automated motor skill and facilitates learning of a replacement skill. Acknowledgement: This study was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (P25000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.349
Comparisons of clinical and polysomnographic findings between narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia S. Hong, T. Kim, S. Joo, J. Jeong, J. Han Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincents Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Introduction: Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are known to show hypersomnia related to central nervous system origin with symptom of excessive daytime sleepiness. But little is known about the differences of clinical characteristics between narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical, polysomnographic and multiple sleep latency test characteristics of narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Materials and methods: Seventy-nine narcolepsy with cataplexy patients and Seventy-one idiopathic hypersomnia patients were recruited at Sleep Center of St. Vincent’s hospital. The demographic, clinical data, the multiple sleep latency test data and polysomnographic findings from the time of their diagnosis were reviewed.
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Results: Results indicated that Epworth sleepiness scale score and nocturnal sleep disturbance were not significantly different between two groups. 25.0% of narcolepsy without cataplexy patients showed hypnagogic hallucinations positive, while 35.0% of idiopathic hypersomnia patients were hypnagogic hallucinations positive with no statistical differences. 33.3% of narcolepsy without cataplexy patients reported sleep paralysis, while 28.8% of idiopathic hypersomnia patients experienced sleep paralysis. Results showed no significant differences between two groups in onset age of hallucinations or onset age of sleep paralysis. Mean sleep latency was shorter in narcolepsy without cataplexy, and the number of SOREMPs were lower in idiopathic hypersomnia. The sleep efficiency was significantly greater in narcolepsy without cataplexy patients. The REM latency was shorter in narcolepsy without cataplexy patients. The percentage of REM sleep was significantly greater in narcolepsy without cataplexy patients. Conclusion: The narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia showed no significant differences in clinical characteristics although they have significant differences in objective findings such as mean sleep latency, REM latency, and percentage of REM sleep. Acknowledgements: No conflicts of interest. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.350
CPAP acceptance and compliance in sleep apnea patients in Oman M. Al Hooti, D. Jaju, M. Abri Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder affecting an average of 4% of men and 2% of women. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for patients with OSA. CPAP compliance and acceptance are major problems among OSA patients and that requires a regular follow up and monitoring. This study is aimed to evaluate CPAP usage and compliance in our local population. Materials and methods: Patients recommended for CPAP treatment following overnight polysomnography (PSG) at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital during the period 2008 to 2011 were reviewed. The data were collected from patients’ medical records, Polysomnography reports and by contacting them by telephone call. Comparative statistics were done between years 2008–2009 and 2010–2011. Results: Total PSGs done between years 2008–2011 were N = 779 and CPAP was recommended for 429 (55%) patients. Only 229/429 patients could be contacted. 89 patients regularly using CPAP (39%) and out of these; 50 patients had bought CPAP and 39 received CPAP through a donation service. 47 patients were using CPAP (19%) with patients who bought their own CPAP. 24 (10%) patients received donated machines. The study also showed that 49 (20%) patients refused to use CPAP, 60 (24%) patients could not purchase CPAP (for financial reasons). Comparison was performed between 2008, 2009, and 2010, 2011 it showed significant improvements (33.33%) in patients who bought their own CPAP. (30.43%) and patients who received donated machines. Conclusion: This study revealed that CPAP usage and acceptance has improved over the last two years in Omani sleep apnea patients. Acknowledgement: Deepali Jaju, Mohammed Al-Abri.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.351
motor skills, like typing on a regular keyboard. Interestingly, performance on the habitual skill often worsens after practicing such an unusual skill. The aim of our study was to investigate whether sleep modifies this interfering effect. Materials and methods: 25 males (25.44 ± 4.56 years) had to practice touch typing of words with 5 letters length as rapidly and accurately as possible on a regular keyboard and on a mirrored keyboard. The training period for the regular keyboard consisted of four 3 min blocks. This regular typing period was followed by three times four 3 min blocks on the mirrored keyboard. Testing on the regular and mirrored keyboard (each typing condition was tested during two 3 min blocks) occurred after 8 h of diurnal wakefulness (wake group, n = 11) or nocturnal sleep (sleep group, n = 14). The sleep group spent two nights with polysomnography (baseline and experimental night) in the sleep laboratory. Fine-motor performance was measured by the number of correctly typed letters per 30 s. Sleep was scored visually according to AASM criteria and sleep spindles were detected automatically (The Siesta Group, Vienna, Austria). Results: A 2 2 2 ANOVA for repeated measures with the within-subject factors TIME (pre vs. post sleep/wakefulness) and CONDITION (regular vs. mirrored typing) and the between subject factor GROUP (sleep vs. wake) revealed a significant interaction between TIME CONDITION GROUP (F1,23 = 9.959, p = 0.004). Subjects in the sleep group showed a significant decrease in regular typing speed after nocturnal sleep whereas mirrored typing did not change. On the other hand, for subjects in the wake group we found a significant deterioration in mirrored typing but no change in regular typing. Furthermore, we could demonstrate a significant correlation (r14 = 0.644, p = 0.013) between fast (13–15 Hz) sleep spindle number during sleep stage N2 and overnight gains in mirrored typing. Conclusion: Our results indicate an increased retroactive interference during regular keyboard typing after sleep which may occur because of a more effective consolidation of the mirrored keyboard typing skill during sleep in comparison to wakefulness. Additionally, we provide evidence that fast sleep spindle number during N2 promotes unlearning of an overlearned automated motor skill and facilitates learning of a replacement skill. Acknowledgement: This study was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (P25000). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.349
Comparisons of clinical and polysomnographic findings between narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia S. Hong, T. Kim, S. Joo, J. Jeong, J. Han Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea, St. Vincents Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
Introduction: Narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia are known to show hypersomnia related to central nervous system origin with symptom of excessive daytime sleepiness. But little is known about the differences of clinical characteristics between narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical, polysomnographic and multiple sleep latency test characteristics of narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia. Materials and methods: Seventy-nine narcolepsy with cataplexy patients and Seventy-one idiopathic hypersomnia patients were recruited at Sleep Center of St. Vincent’s hospital. The demographic, clinical data, the multiple sleep latency test data and polysomnographic findings from the time of their diagnosis were reviewed.
e153
Results: Results indicated that Epworth sleepiness scale score and nocturnal sleep disturbance were not significantly different between two groups. 25.0% of narcolepsy without cataplexy patients showed hypnagogic hallucinations positive, while 35.0% of idiopathic hypersomnia patients were hypnagogic hallucinations positive with no statistical differences. 33.3% of narcolepsy without cataplexy patients reported sleep paralysis, while 28.8% of idiopathic hypersomnia patients experienced sleep paralysis. Results showed no significant differences between two groups in onset age of hallucinations or onset age of sleep paralysis. Mean sleep latency was shorter in narcolepsy without cataplexy, and the number of SOREMPs were lower in idiopathic hypersomnia. The sleep efficiency was significantly greater in narcolepsy without cataplexy patients. The REM latency was shorter in narcolepsy without cataplexy patients. The percentage of REM sleep was significantly greater in narcolepsy without cataplexy patients. Conclusion: The narcolepsy without cataplexy and idiopathic hypersomnia showed no significant differences in clinical characteristics although they have significant differences in objective findings such as mean sleep latency, REM latency, and percentage of REM sleep. Acknowledgements: No conflicts of interest. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.350
CPAP acceptance and compliance in sleep apnea patients in Oman M. Al Hooti, D. Jaju, M. Abri Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder affecting an average of 4% of men and 2% of women. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard treatment for patients with OSA. CPAP compliance and acceptance are major problems among OSA patients and that requires a regular follow up and monitoring. This study is aimed to evaluate CPAP usage and compliance in our local population. Materials and methods: Patients recommended for CPAP treatment following overnight polysomnography (PSG) at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital during the period 2008 to 2011 were reviewed. The data were collected from patients’ medical records, Polysomnography reports and by contacting them by telephone call. Comparative statistics were done between years 2008–2009 and 2010–2011. Results: Total PSGs done between years 2008–2011 were N = 779 and CPAP was recommended for 429 (55%) patients. Only 229/429 patients could be contacted. 89 patients regularly using CPAP (39%) and out of these; 50 patients had bought CPAP and 39 received CPAP through a donation service. 47 patients were using CPAP (19%) with patients who bought their own CPAP. 24 (10%) patients received donated machines. The study also showed that 49 (20%) patients refused to use CPAP, 60 (24%) patients could not purchase CPAP (for financial reasons). Comparison was performed between 2008, 2009, and 2010, 2011 it showed significant improvements (33.33%) in patients who bought their own CPAP. (30.43%) and patients who received donated machines. Conclusion: This study revealed that CPAP usage and acceptance has improved over the last two years in Omani sleep apnea patients. Acknowledgement: Deepali Jaju, Mohammed Al-Abri.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.11.351