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Concentrations of mercury, copper, cadmium and lead in fruiting bodies of edible mushrooms in the vicinity of a mercury smelter and a copper smelter
EnvironmentalPollution,Vol. 95, No. 3, pp. 391-393, 1997 Elsevier ScienceLtd Printed in Great Britain 0269-7491/97$17.00+0.00 ELSEVIER
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY As a service to its readers, Environmental Pollution will provide a Selected Bibliography in alternate issues. Complete abstracts for eight papers of special merit or interest will be presented for articles from other journals that are related to various aspects of environmental pollution. Section 46, Environmental Health and Pollution Control, of Excerpta Medica will be used as the source for the papers cited in the Selected Bibliography. It is becoming increasingly difficult to keep up with the literature that relates to the many aspects of environmental pollution. It is hoped that the Selected Bibliography will be very useful to our readers in keeping abreast of the literature.
advantage of measuring both growth and reproduction and highlighted the usefulness of a single integrated measure of these two responses. The method also was used as a fastscreening analysis for field soils in a large-scale ecological risk assessment. Finally, a reference toxicant, used in dilution series, demonstrated that responses of E. foetida using our method were similar to their responses in the OECD artificial-soil test method. The results of this study indicate that this procedure can be used both for regulatory and compliance needs within the framework of ecological risk assessment.
Coneeatratiom of meroa'y, copper, cadmium and lead in frmting bodies of edihle mushrooms in the vicinity of a mercm~j smelter and a copper smelter. Kalac P., Niznanska M., Bevilaqua D. and Staskova I. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czechoslovakia. Sci. Total Environ., 1996, 177 (251-258). Summ. in Engl. Four elements were determined in wild growing mushrooms collected in the vicinity of two metal smelters up to a distance of 6 km between 1990 and 1993. The smelters in eastern Slovakia are 15 krn apart. Elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 113 samples of 34 species. The values observed in mushrooms from different parts of Bohemia were used as the background levels. Concentrations of mercury were extremely high in mushrooms grown in the mercury smelter area, especially those in Lepiota procera with mean and maximal values of 119 and 200 mg kg-~dry matter, respectively. Considerably elevated mercury concentrations were also found in the copper smelter area, especially in Lepista nuda with a mean value 84.7 mg kg-1 dry matter. In both species there were also increased copper concentrations exceeding 200 mg kg-1 dry matter and in the copper smelter area there were high lead values in Lepiota procera and Lepista nuda at 26.4 and 15.3 mg kg-1 dry matter, respectively. Mean cadmium concentrations were also increased in the copper smelter area, but with values <7 mg kg-~ dry matter. Thus, the mushrooms from both areas should not be consumed at all.
Increased cadmium excretion in metal-adapted populations of the midge Cldrononms riparius (diptera). Postma J. F., Van Nugteren P. and Buckert-de Jong M. B. Section of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 320, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 1966, 15/3 (332-339). Summ. in Engl. Cadmium kinetics were studied in cadmium adapted and non-adapted field populations of the midge Chironomus riparius. Accumulation and elimination experiments were carried out using first-generation laboratory reared animals. Differences between populations were, therefore, assumed to have a genetic basis. Larvae were dissected to analyze the guts and the remainder or the larvae separately. First-order one-compartment models were not always successful in describing accumulation processes, probably due to acclimation. No interpopulation differences were observed in larval development based on dry weights, whereas some differences existed based on pupation rate. In most cases more than 80% of the total amount of cadmium was found in the guts of all populations. Larvae from cadmium-adapted populations showed a decreased net accumulation rate as well as higher equilibrium values (l 5-20%) compared to non-adapted populations. In addition, cadmium excretion efficiency was increased for cadmiumadapted larvae, which was due to an increased elimination rate from the guts. It was concluded that exposure to high cadmium concentrations in the field resulted in populations of C riparius with an increased storage capability and an increased excretion efficiency, especially regarding the guts.
A method for assessing sublethal effects of contaminants in soils to the earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Gibbs M. H., Wicker L. F. and Stewart A. J. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 1996, 15/3 (360--368). Summ. in Engl. We developed and tested a procedure that allows quantification of the effects of soil contaminants on earthworm (Eisenia foetida) growth and reproduction. The procedure monitors isolated pairs of earthworms and generates a higher ratio of data per organism than other commonly used procedures. It also incorporates an accurate technique for measuring adult growth, has high sensitivity compared to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 14-d acute toxicity test, and is cost effective. We applied the method to a variety of soil testing problems. A food-and-substrate trial using artificial soil demonstrated the sensitivity of the method and the need for food supplementation to stimulate earthworm reproduction. Application of the procedure to assess efficacy of a soil bioremediation technology revealed the
Photo interpretive study of recovery of damaged lands near the metal smelters of Sndlmry, Canada. McCall J., Gunn J. and Struik H. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Co-op Freshwater Ecology Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut., 1995, 85/2 (847-852). Summ. in Engl. 391
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY As a service to its readers, Environmental Pollution will provide a Selected Bibliography in alternate issues. Complete abstracts for eight papers of special merit or interest will be presented for articles from other journals that are related to various aspects of environmental pollution. Section 46, Environmental Health and Pollution Control, of Excerpta Medica will be used as the source for the papers cited in the Selected Bibliography. It is becoming increasingly difficult to keep up with the literature that relates to the many aspects of environmental pollution. It is hoped that the Selected Bibliography will be very useful to our readers in keeping abreast of the literature.
advantage of measuring both growth and reproduction and highlighted the usefulness of a single integrated measure of these two responses. The method also was used as a fastscreening analysis for field soils in a large-scale ecological risk assessment. Finally, a reference toxicant, used in dilution series, demonstrated that responses of E. foetida using our method were similar to their responses in the OECD artificial-soil test method. The results of this study indicate that this procedure can be used both for regulatory and compliance needs within the framework of ecological risk assessment.
Coneeatratiom of meroa'y, copper, cadmium and lead in frmting bodies of edihle mushrooms in the vicinity of a mercm~j smelter and a copper smelter. Kalac P., Niznanska M., Bevilaqua D. and Staskova I. University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Agriculture, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czechoslovakia. Sci. Total Environ., 1996, 177 (251-258). Summ. in Engl. Four elements were determined in wild growing mushrooms collected in the vicinity of two metal smelters up to a distance of 6 km between 1990 and 1993. The smelters in eastern Slovakia are 15 krn apart. Elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in 113 samples of 34 species. The values observed in mushrooms from different parts of Bohemia were used as the background levels. Concentrations of mercury were extremely high in mushrooms grown in the mercury smelter area, especially those in Lepiota procera with mean and maximal values of 119 and 200 mg kg-~dry matter, respectively. Considerably elevated mercury concentrations were also found in the copper smelter area, especially in Lepista nuda with a mean value 84.7 mg kg-1 dry matter. In both species there were also increased copper concentrations exceeding 200 mg kg-1 dry matter and in the copper smelter area there were high lead values in Lepiota procera and Lepista nuda at 26.4 and 15.3 mg kg-1 dry matter, respectively. Mean cadmium concentrations were also increased in the copper smelter area, but with values <7 mg kg-~ dry matter. Thus, the mushrooms from both areas should not be consumed at all.
Increased cadmium excretion in metal-adapted populations of the midge Cldrononms riparius (diptera). Postma J. F., Van Nugteren P. and Buckert-de Jong M. B. Section of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 320, 1098 SM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 1966, 15/3 (332-339). Summ. in Engl. Cadmium kinetics were studied in cadmium adapted and non-adapted field populations of the midge Chironomus riparius. Accumulation and elimination experiments were carried out using first-generation laboratory reared animals. Differences between populations were, therefore, assumed to have a genetic basis. Larvae were dissected to analyze the guts and the remainder or the larvae separately. First-order one-compartment models were not always successful in describing accumulation processes, probably due to acclimation. No interpopulation differences were observed in larval development based on dry weights, whereas some differences existed based on pupation rate. In most cases more than 80% of the total amount of cadmium was found in the guts of all populations. Larvae from cadmium-adapted populations showed a decreased net accumulation rate as well as higher equilibrium values (l 5-20%) compared to non-adapted populations. In addition, cadmium excretion efficiency was increased for cadmiumadapted larvae, which was due to an increased elimination rate from the guts. It was concluded that exposure to high cadmium concentrations in the field resulted in populations of C riparius with an increased storage capability and an increased excretion efficiency, especially regarding the guts.
A method for assessing sublethal effects of contaminants in soils to the earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Gibbs M. H., Wicker L. F. and Stewart A. J. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 1996, 15/3 (360--368). Summ. in Engl. We developed and tested a procedure that allows quantification of the effects of soil contaminants on earthworm (Eisenia foetida) growth and reproduction. The procedure monitors isolated pairs of earthworms and generates a higher ratio of data per organism than other commonly used procedures. It also incorporates an accurate technique for measuring adult growth, has high sensitivity compared to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 14-d acute toxicity test, and is cost effective. We applied the method to a variety of soil testing problems. A food-and-substrate trial using artificial soil demonstrated the sensitivity of the method and the need for food supplementation to stimulate earthworm reproduction. Application of the procedure to assess efficacy of a soil bioremediation technology revealed the
Photo interpretive study of recovery of damaged lands near the metal smelters of Sndlmry, Canada. McCall J., Gunn J. and Struik H. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Co-op Freshwater Ecology Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada. Water Air Soil Pollut., 1995, 85/2 (847-852). Summ. in Engl. 391