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CONGRESS OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.
593 The author of the pamphlet expresses some surprise that is on record ot a grown man found in such association with wolves. He supplies, however, the most probable solution of his own problem when he points out the many found here as well as in other parts of Siberia. Rabies is perils which such an animal would daily encounter, not only apparently known amongst dogs, but it appears never to be from his strange hoste, who might very possibly prove communicated to human beings, even when they are bitten treacherous under pressure of want, but also from other by animals undoubtedly affected. Dr. Bunge thinks this beasts of prey frequenting the same haunts, to whom his matter ought to be investigated by means of experiments comparatively slow pace and his defenceless position would on Pasteur’s lines; but Pasteur’s treatment was unknown render him an easy victim. Indeed, if such a lot does actually befall some individuals of the human race, it is permissible to him while in that isolated position. to hope that an unkind fate relents at least so far as to shorten the duration of their debased careers.
Bunge saw several cases from the southern districts. Leprosy is not at all uncommon, and the people consider it infectious, and compel those affected to live in separate dwellings. A curious nervous disease called "emeriak" is but Dr.
no case
FOSTER WHELPS OF THE SHE-WOLF. THE Zoologist, in its March number, reproduces a remarkable pamphlet, which was printed at Plymouth in 1852, and bears the title "An Account of Wolves Nurturing Children in their Dens." The original publication was anonymous; but a copy of the pamphlet, said to be very scarce, in the Zoological Library of the Natural History Museum at South Kensington, bears a memorandum in the handwriting of the late Colonel Hamilton Smith assigning its authorship to Colonel Sleeman, " the well-known officer who had charge of the Thugg inquiries, and who resided long in the forests of India." Such authentication leaves very much to be desired, especially as the European narrator is himself indebted to unknown natives for many of his most interesting details; but the account given is, with all its deficiencies, well worthy the attention of the scientific and of the curious in such matters. The pamphlet in question gives in all six cases of boys rescued from the maternal care of wolves. In one instance the lad is traced from the moment of his being carried off by a lurking wolf from his parents’ side while they were working in the fields to the time when, having been recovered by his mother, after an interval of six years, he escaped from her custody into the jungle. In all the cases certain well-marked features reappear. Thus the effect of association in this way with brutes is to produce not only, as would be supposed, a being in habits and ideas below the qowest type of savage, but also an apparently irremediable defect of mind. Of the first boy it is said: " Captain Nicholetts made him over to the charge of his servants, who take great care of him, but can never get him to speak a word. He is very inoffensive, except when teased, and will then growl surlily at the person who teases him. He has come to eat anything that is thrown to him, but always prefers raw flesh, which he devours most greedily. He will drink a whole pitcher of butter-milk when put before him, without seeming to draw a breath. He can never be induced to keep on any kind of clothing, even in the coldest weather. A quilt stuffed with cotton was given to him when it became very cold this season, but he tore it tc pieces, and ate a portion of it, cotton and all, with his bread ,every day. He is very fond of bones, particularly uncooked ones, which he masticates apparently with as much ease a, meat. He has eaten half a lamb at a time without an3 - apparent effort, and is very fond of taking up earth anc small stones and eating them. His features are coarse and his countenance repulsive, and he is very filthy in his habits He continues to be fond of dogs and jackals, and other four-footed animals that come near him, and always allow; them to feed with him when they approach." Very muct the same account is given of the other victims of thii unnatural nurture. A child that was kidnapped a’ three years of age was recovered at nine years, and o: ’him, too, it is said he used to mutter something, bu could never be got to articulate anything distinctly "The front of his knees and his elbows had got hardenec from going on all fours with the wolves. If any clothes are put on him, he takes them off, and commonly tears them in -doing so." In one of the cases cited, a father identified hi - son who had been carried away by wolves at the age of sb years, and recovered three or four years afterwards. In thi case the deterioration does not appear to have proceedei quite so far. " He understood signs, and heard exceeding well, and would assist the cultivators in turning trespassin, - cattle out of the fields when told by signs to do so." Yet eve this lad, whose vulpine career had been so comparatively short, "could not talk or utter any very articulate sounds."
IRISH MEDICAL SCHOOLS’ AND GRADUATES’ ASSOCIATION. THE eleventh annual meeting of the above Association, of which Drs. Stewart and Abraham are the hon. secretaries, was held at 49, Berners-street, London, on the 17th inst. (St. Patrick’s Day), when Sir Thomas Crawford, K C.B., resigned the presidential chair to Professor Alexander Macalister, M.D., F.R.S. The Annual Report announced a steady increase in the number of members, the total now on the roll being 514, against 466 on St. Patrick’s Day, 1887, notwithstanding the loss of four members by death and four by resignation. Much satisfaction was expressed at Sir Thomas Crawford’s success in inducing the British Medical Association, at its annual meeting last autumn in Dublin, to pass a resolution
condemnatory of monopoly
in hospital appointments. The in communication with the Irish qualifying and hopes, with their aid, in time to remove some
Council is
bodies,
now
of the disabilities at present affecting Irish degrees and qualifications in England. The treasurer’s accounts showed a balance in favour of the Association of £154 6s. 5d. On the nomination of the Council, Dr. Richard Fegan
(Blackheath) was appointed President-elect; Brigade Surgeon W. Alexander, M.D., was re-elected honorary
The following were elected by ballot as the twelve non-official members of Council for 1888-89-viz.: Sir Thomas Crawford, K.C.B., Drs. J. Nicholas Dick, C.B., R.N., Henry Fitzgibbon (Dublin), H. Senger Gabbett (Eastbourne), J. Hill Gibson, W. A. Douglas Lithgow, Richard Heath (St. Leonards), Macnaughton Jones, H. H. E. Phillips (Reading), T. Gilbart-Smith, W. Dickson-Smyth, R.N., and W. H. White. Deputy Inspector-General Lloyd, R.N., and Dr. W. H. Cullimore were elected honorary auditors. A very hearty vote of thanks was accorded to the retiring President for the energy shown by him during his year of office, and especially for the able manner in which, during the Dublin meeting of the British Medical Association, he put forward the arguments against the exclusion of Irish graduates and diplomates from English hospital appointment!?, his eloquence securing the important result already referred to in the report, although his opponents included some of the most prominent members of the Association. The annual dinner took place the same evening at the Holborn Restaurant, the President, Professor Macalister, in the chair. Seventy-three members and guests were present. treasurer.
CONGRESS OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. THE following is the preliminary programme of the Congress to be held in Washington, D.C., on Sept. 18th, 19th, and 20th next, over which John S. Billings, M.D., U.S.A., will preside. The vice-presidents (ex officio) are as under: D. Hayes Agnew, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.; Edward L. Keyes, M.D., New York City; Rufus P. Lincoln, M.D., New York City; Alfred L. Loomis, M.D., New York City; William R. Draper, M.D., New York City; Jonathan S. Prout, M.D., Brooklyn, N.Y.; William F. Norris, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.; James J. Putnam, M.D., Boston, Mass.; I. E. Atkinson, M.D., Baltimore, Md.; Henry P. Bowditcb, M.D., Boston, Mass.; and Newton M. Shaffer, M.D., New York City. Chairman of the Executive Committee : William Pepper, M.D., Philadelphia,
594 Treasurer: D. B. St. John Roosa. M.D., New York City. often the case, the origin was found to be involved in some considerable obscurity. They lived at a farmhouse, where Secretary: William H. Carmalt, M.D. New Haven, Conn. The subjects for report and discussion are arranged as there was a dirty cattle-yard and other conditions of animal refuse, such as have, in the opinion of some, been follows :On Tuesday, Sept. 18th, papers will be read on 11 intestinal identified with diphtheria, but no relation of cause Obstruction in its Medical and Surgical Relations," by and effect could be made out. The disease was BubDr. Reginald H. Fitz of Boston, Professor of Pathological sequently propagated by means of personal contagion,, Anatomy in Harvard University, and Dr. Nicholas Senn of partly at a Board school where privy nuisances and Milwaukee, Professor of Surgery in the College of Physicians liability to water pollution existed. It is, however, not clear that either at the school or in the parish and Surgeons in Chicago, Ill. A discussion will follow. On Wednesday, Sept. 19th, papers will be read on Core- generally the defective sanitary conditions observed had bral Localisation in its Practical Relations," by Dr. Charles any special influence, either on the occurrence of diphtheria K. Mills of Philadelphia, Professor of Disease of the Mind or on its severity. The St. Stephens outbreak ran a parallel and Nervous System in the Philadelphia Polyclinic and course to that at Roche, but no link between the two was College for Graduates in Medicine, and Dr. Roswell Park, discoverable at the time that the inquiry was conducted, Professor of Surgery in the Buffalo Medical College, which But little was done in the way of isolation, either in the will be followed by a discussion. patients’ houses or in any other way ; and no isolation hos. On Thursday. Sept. 20th, an address will be delivered by pital has been provided by the sanitary authority. In the the President, John S. Billings, M.D., U.S. Army. After the matter of school attendance, Dr. Parsons is of opinion that address a general reception will be held in the United States more action should have been taken in the direction of excluding from school those children who came from infected Army Museum building. families. This is a precaution that needs to be more gene. rally taken than it is, and it cannot be too widely under. BIENNIAL FESTIVAL OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL stood that sanitary authorities should, during the prevalence of diphtheria, avail themselves of the powers they have, under BENEVOLENT COLLEGE. the Education Code, of keeping away from school all who.
Pa.
"
from localities where any affection such is known to exist. come
WE are glad to announce that the following contributions in aid of the funds of the institution have already been received :-
as
sore-throat.
___
REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH.
Hastings Urban District.- During 1887 scarlet fever was prevalent in Hastings, the disease being assumed to have had its origin in an extension of the metropolitan epidemic,
The sanatorium received 59 cases, and of these 4 terminated fatally; but, in all, 105 cases were reported. Amongst the other infectious fevers which prevailed there were 8 deaths from enteric fever, some occurring in a row of cottages poorly drained and having no water laid on; the well water was, however, not to be found fault with in so far as chemical analysis can decide. No sanitary work of im. portance was carried out during 1887, but there is a substantial record of current work, including the regular inspection of food supplies. Mr. Knox Shaw gives the corrected deathrate as 14-5 per 1000, which is 1’4 below the corrected decennial average. King’s Norton Rural District.-Mr. Hollinshead has a satisfactory statistical report to make on the year 1887. The general death-rate on a population of some 25,000 was 12’7, and the zymotic rate 0’9 per 1000. The vaccination returns are very satisfactory, and no deaths occurred from small-pox. As to scarlet fever the record is very interesting. During the past year 53 cases were received into the sanitary hospital, 8 coming from a neighbouring district, and it is stated that not a death has taken place since 1884. Ever since Mr. Hollinshead has had the of treating such diseases as scarlet fever and A complete list of the Stewards will appear in our next opportunity means of an isolation hospital, only one death small-pox by issue. has taken place, that being a case of small-pox ofa most severe type. Weregret to note 5 deaths from enteric fever; the more so as the disease in several instances existed in connexion with conditions such ? bad drainage and bad water, which should not be allowed to exist. The report very properly urges that zymotic LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT. diseases are preventable, and that the conditions favouring them ought to be dealt with, the danger from old-fashioned REPORTS OF INSPECTORS OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENTmethods of privy accommodation being especially adverted OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. 1 But it is, at the same time, clear that steady progress to. being made in this district as to a large number of circumDiphtheria in the St. Austell Rural District, by Dr. F. is to affect health. We also find that the stances PARSONS.—Correspondence with the rural sanitary authorityutility oftending the present temporary hospital has been such that having failed to elicit any satisfactory explanation as to the the authority have obtained a site, and have decided on cause of diphtheria in this district, the Local Governmentexcellent plans for a permanent hospital embodying al! Board instructed Dr. Parsons to make an inquiry into theneeded modern requirements. matter. From the beginning of the second quarter of 1887 Scarborough Rural -Dist?-ict.-Dr. Cuff records a deaththere had up to the end of the year been thirty recognisedrate of 13 3 per 1000 during the past year, with a zymotic attacks in nineteen households, and nine deaths, the pre- rate of 0’7, as opposed to that of 2 29 for England and Wales valence being limited to the parishes of Roche and St. as a whole. There is difficulty in the district as to the Stephens. The parishes adjoin each other, but the out- conveyance through it, and as to the deposit, of various breaks were far apart, and apparently distinct one from the forms of manure, and, from the suggestions that are made as other. As regards Boehe, the prevalence seems to have com- to the control of the resulting evils, it would appear that a menced with two little girls, who might possibly have been code of bye-laws such as those dealing with the prevention exposed to personal infection from a case of scarlet fever of nuisances which are included in the model series of the with marked throat affection a mile away; but, as is so Local Government Board needs to be applied to the district.
I
Public Health and Poor Law.
Bunge saw several cases from the southern districts. Leprosy is not at all uncommon, and the people consider it infectious, and compel those affected to live in separate dwellings. A curious nervous disease called "emeriak" is but Dr.
no case
FOSTER WHELPS OF THE SHE-WOLF. THE Zoologist, in its March number, reproduces a remarkable pamphlet, which was printed at Plymouth in 1852, and bears the title "An Account of Wolves Nurturing Children in their Dens." The original publication was anonymous; but a copy of the pamphlet, said to be very scarce, in the Zoological Library of the Natural History Museum at South Kensington, bears a memorandum in the handwriting of the late Colonel Hamilton Smith assigning its authorship to Colonel Sleeman, " the well-known officer who had charge of the Thugg inquiries, and who resided long in the forests of India." Such authentication leaves very much to be desired, especially as the European narrator is himself indebted to unknown natives for many of his most interesting details; but the account given is, with all its deficiencies, well worthy the attention of the scientific and of the curious in such matters. The pamphlet in question gives in all six cases of boys rescued from the maternal care of wolves. In one instance the lad is traced from the moment of his being carried off by a lurking wolf from his parents’ side while they were working in the fields to the time when, having been recovered by his mother, after an interval of six years, he escaped from her custody into the jungle. In all the cases certain well-marked features reappear. Thus the effect of association in this way with brutes is to produce not only, as would be supposed, a being in habits and ideas below the qowest type of savage, but also an apparently irremediable defect of mind. Of the first boy it is said: " Captain Nicholetts made him over to the charge of his servants, who take great care of him, but can never get him to speak a word. He is very inoffensive, except when teased, and will then growl surlily at the person who teases him. He has come to eat anything that is thrown to him, but always prefers raw flesh, which he devours most greedily. He will drink a whole pitcher of butter-milk when put before him, without seeming to draw a breath. He can never be induced to keep on any kind of clothing, even in the coldest weather. A quilt stuffed with cotton was given to him when it became very cold this season, but he tore it tc pieces, and ate a portion of it, cotton and all, with his bread ,every day. He is very fond of bones, particularly uncooked ones, which he masticates apparently with as much ease a, meat. He has eaten half a lamb at a time without an3 - apparent effort, and is very fond of taking up earth anc small stones and eating them. His features are coarse and his countenance repulsive, and he is very filthy in his habits He continues to be fond of dogs and jackals, and other four-footed animals that come near him, and always allow; them to feed with him when they approach." Very muct the same account is given of the other victims of thii unnatural nurture. A child that was kidnapped a’ three years of age was recovered at nine years, and o: ’him, too, it is said he used to mutter something, bu could never be got to articulate anything distinctly "The front of his knees and his elbows had got hardenec from going on all fours with the wolves. If any clothes are put on him, he takes them off, and commonly tears them in -doing so." In one of the cases cited, a father identified hi - son who had been carried away by wolves at the age of sb years, and recovered three or four years afterwards. In thi case the deterioration does not appear to have proceedei quite so far. " He understood signs, and heard exceeding well, and would assist the cultivators in turning trespassin, - cattle out of the fields when told by signs to do so." Yet eve this lad, whose vulpine career had been so comparatively short, "could not talk or utter any very articulate sounds."
IRISH MEDICAL SCHOOLS’ AND GRADUATES’ ASSOCIATION. THE eleventh annual meeting of the above Association, of which Drs. Stewart and Abraham are the hon. secretaries, was held at 49, Berners-street, London, on the 17th inst. (St. Patrick’s Day), when Sir Thomas Crawford, K C.B., resigned the presidential chair to Professor Alexander Macalister, M.D., F.R.S. The Annual Report announced a steady increase in the number of members, the total now on the roll being 514, against 466 on St. Patrick’s Day, 1887, notwithstanding the loss of four members by death and four by resignation. Much satisfaction was expressed at Sir Thomas Crawford’s success in inducing the British Medical Association, at its annual meeting last autumn in Dublin, to pass a resolution
condemnatory of monopoly
in hospital appointments. The in communication with the Irish qualifying and hopes, with their aid, in time to remove some
Council is
bodies,
now
of the disabilities at present affecting Irish degrees and qualifications in England. The treasurer’s accounts showed a balance in favour of the Association of £154 6s. 5d. On the nomination of the Council, Dr. Richard Fegan
(Blackheath) was appointed President-elect; Brigade Surgeon W. Alexander, M.D., was re-elected honorary
The following were elected by ballot as the twelve non-official members of Council for 1888-89-viz.: Sir Thomas Crawford, K.C.B., Drs. J. Nicholas Dick, C.B., R.N., Henry Fitzgibbon (Dublin), H. Senger Gabbett (Eastbourne), J. Hill Gibson, W. A. Douglas Lithgow, Richard Heath (St. Leonards), Macnaughton Jones, H. H. E. Phillips (Reading), T. Gilbart-Smith, W. Dickson-Smyth, R.N., and W. H. White. Deputy Inspector-General Lloyd, R.N., and Dr. W. H. Cullimore were elected honorary auditors. A very hearty vote of thanks was accorded to the retiring President for the energy shown by him during his year of office, and especially for the able manner in which, during the Dublin meeting of the British Medical Association, he put forward the arguments against the exclusion of Irish graduates and diplomates from English hospital appointment!?, his eloquence securing the important result already referred to in the report, although his opponents included some of the most prominent members of the Association. The annual dinner took place the same evening at the Holborn Restaurant, the President, Professor Macalister, in the chair. Seventy-three members and guests were present. treasurer.
CONGRESS OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. THE following is the preliminary programme of the Congress to be held in Washington, D.C., on Sept. 18th, 19th, and 20th next, over which John S. Billings, M.D., U.S.A., will preside. The vice-presidents (ex officio) are as under: D. Hayes Agnew, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.; Edward L. Keyes, M.D., New York City; Rufus P. Lincoln, M.D., New York City; Alfred L. Loomis, M.D., New York City; William R. Draper, M.D., New York City; Jonathan S. Prout, M.D., Brooklyn, N.Y.; William F. Norris, M.D., Philadelphia, Pa.; James J. Putnam, M.D., Boston, Mass.; I. E. Atkinson, M.D., Baltimore, Md.; Henry P. Bowditcb, M.D., Boston, Mass.; and Newton M. Shaffer, M.D., New York City. Chairman of the Executive Committee : William Pepper, M.D., Philadelphia,
594 Treasurer: D. B. St. John Roosa. M.D., New York City. often the case, the origin was found to be involved in some considerable obscurity. They lived at a farmhouse, where Secretary: William H. Carmalt, M.D. New Haven, Conn. The subjects for report and discussion are arranged as there was a dirty cattle-yard and other conditions of animal refuse, such as have, in the opinion of some, been follows :On Tuesday, Sept. 18th, papers will be read on 11 intestinal identified with diphtheria, but no relation of cause Obstruction in its Medical and Surgical Relations," by and effect could be made out. The disease was BubDr. Reginald H. Fitz of Boston, Professor of Pathological sequently propagated by means of personal contagion,, Anatomy in Harvard University, and Dr. Nicholas Senn of partly at a Board school where privy nuisances and Milwaukee, Professor of Surgery in the College of Physicians liability to water pollution existed. It is, however, not clear that either at the school or in the parish and Surgeons in Chicago, Ill. A discussion will follow. On Wednesday, Sept. 19th, papers will be read on Core- generally the defective sanitary conditions observed had bral Localisation in its Practical Relations," by Dr. Charles any special influence, either on the occurrence of diphtheria K. Mills of Philadelphia, Professor of Disease of the Mind or on its severity. The St. Stephens outbreak ran a parallel and Nervous System in the Philadelphia Polyclinic and course to that at Roche, but no link between the two was College for Graduates in Medicine, and Dr. Roswell Park, discoverable at the time that the inquiry was conducted, Professor of Surgery in the Buffalo Medical College, which But little was done in the way of isolation, either in the will be followed by a discussion. patients’ houses or in any other way ; and no isolation hos. On Thursday. Sept. 20th, an address will be delivered by pital has been provided by the sanitary authority. In the the President, John S. Billings, M.D., U.S. Army. After the matter of school attendance, Dr. Parsons is of opinion that address a general reception will be held in the United States more action should have been taken in the direction of excluding from school those children who came from infected Army Museum building. families. This is a precaution that needs to be more gene. rally taken than it is, and it cannot be too widely under. BIENNIAL FESTIVAL OF THE ROYAL MEDICAL stood that sanitary authorities should, during the prevalence of diphtheria, avail themselves of the powers they have, under BENEVOLENT COLLEGE. the Education Code, of keeping away from school all who.
Pa.
"
from localities where any affection such is known to exist. come
WE are glad to announce that the following contributions in aid of the funds of the institution have already been received :-
as
sore-throat.
___
REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS OF HEALTH.
Hastings Urban District.- During 1887 scarlet fever was prevalent in Hastings, the disease being assumed to have had its origin in an extension of the metropolitan epidemic,
The sanatorium received 59 cases, and of these 4 terminated fatally; but, in all, 105 cases were reported. Amongst the other infectious fevers which prevailed there were 8 deaths from enteric fever, some occurring in a row of cottages poorly drained and having no water laid on; the well water was, however, not to be found fault with in so far as chemical analysis can decide. No sanitary work of im. portance was carried out during 1887, but there is a substantial record of current work, including the regular inspection of food supplies. Mr. Knox Shaw gives the corrected deathrate as 14-5 per 1000, which is 1’4 below the corrected decennial average. King’s Norton Rural District.-Mr. Hollinshead has a satisfactory statistical report to make on the year 1887. The general death-rate on a population of some 25,000 was 12’7, and the zymotic rate 0’9 per 1000. The vaccination returns are very satisfactory, and no deaths occurred from small-pox. As to scarlet fever the record is very interesting. During the past year 53 cases were received into the sanitary hospital, 8 coming from a neighbouring district, and it is stated that not a death has taken place since 1884. Ever since Mr. Hollinshead has had the of treating such diseases as scarlet fever and A complete list of the Stewards will appear in our next opportunity means of an isolation hospital, only one death small-pox by issue. has taken place, that being a case of small-pox ofa most severe type. Weregret to note 5 deaths from enteric fever; the more so as the disease in several instances existed in connexion with conditions such ? bad drainage and bad water, which should not be allowed to exist. The report very properly urges that zymotic LOCAL GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENT. diseases are preventable, and that the conditions favouring them ought to be dealt with, the danger from old-fashioned REPORTS OF INSPECTORS OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENTmethods of privy accommodation being especially adverted OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOARD. 1 But it is, at the same time, clear that steady progress to. being made in this district as to a large number of circumDiphtheria in the St. Austell Rural District, by Dr. F. is to affect health. We also find that the stances PARSONS.—Correspondence with the rural sanitary authorityutility oftending the present temporary hospital has been such that having failed to elicit any satisfactory explanation as to the the authority have obtained a site, and have decided on cause of diphtheria in this district, the Local Governmentexcellent plans for a permanent hospital embodying al! Board instructed Dr. Parsons to make an inquiry into theneeded modern requirements. matter. From the beginning of the second quarter of 1887 Scarborough Rural -Dist?-ict.-Dr. Cuff records a deaththere had up to the end of the year been thirty recognisedrate of 13 3 per 1000 during the past year, with a zymotic attacks in nineteen households, and nine deaths, the pre- rate of 0’7, as opposed to that of 2 29 for England and Wales valence being limited to the parishes of Roche and St. as a whole. There is difficulty in the district as to the Stephens. The parishes adjoin each other, but the out- conveyance through it, and as to the deposit, of various breaks were far apart, and apparently distinct one from the forms of manure, and, from the suggestions that are made as other. As regards Boehe, the prevalence seems to have com- to the control of the resulting evils, it would appear that a menced with two little girls, who might possibly have been code of bye-laws such as those dealing with the prevention exposed to personal infection from a case of scarlet fever of nuisances which are included in the model series of the with marked throat affection a mile away; but, as is so Local Government Board needs to be applied to the district.
I
Public Health and Poor Law.