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Conjunctivitis (Bovine)
CONJUNCTIVITIS (BOVINE)
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and gain access to the milk, or they may arise direct from the udder and so infect man and cause illness. The bacteria of the paratyphus group may lead to severe food poisoning in the case of the eating of the meat of an infected animal. The different microbes may be killed by pasteurisation, but then the vitamins are destroyed, and such milk is no longer of full value. He who does not wish to expose himself to infection and, nevertheless, enjoys raw milk, will do well if he sees it is hygienically produced and from healthy stock under regular veterinary inspection. Thus will every danger of infection be reduced to a minimum. The provision of such a superior milk has been considerably increased during recent years. Plant and animal parasites may be transmitted from animals to men. Tricophyton tonsurans and actinomycosis are examples of the former. Sarcoptic scab and tania saginata are examples of the latter. The united efforts of science and practice must be called up to ensure the production of a hygienic and clean milk supply and increase the consumption of this eminently important means of nourishment. Agriculture and veterinary medicine should always be closely allied in order that this hereditary industry, so important to the State, may grow and thrive. -Schweizer Archiv. fur Tierheilkunde.
Clinical Articles Conjunctivitis (Bovine). By J. W. HALL MASHETER, M.R.C.V.S. N ewnham-on-Severn. ON June 22nd, 1933, I was called to see two cows said to be "blind." Case I.-This had been affected for five days, and showed intense palpetral conjunctivitis. The conjunctiva was studded with granulations which extended to some extent on to the bulbar conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctiva was brick-red over nearly the whole area, except on the lower third, which showed a thick band of granulations. There was intense lachrymation and pain. One eye only was affected, and the cow blind in that eye. Appetite in abeyance. Milk supply very much reduced. Case 2.-Affected only one day when I was called in. Showed lachrymation from both eyes. Palpetral conjunctiva as in Case 1. The bulbar conjunctiva was not brick-red, but the blood-vessels were intensely injected. The cornea of one eye was a dull matt-black with three brownish streaks about 1 mm. broad extending across its surface. The other cornea showed only the dull blackness. This, according to Wooldridge's Encyclopredia, points to hremorrhage into the vitreous humour, and is said to be incurable.
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THE VETERINARY JOURNAL
Treatment.-One-thirteenth gr. ethyhnorphine hydrochloride in water to be instilled into the eye by means of an " eye dropper " once a day ; an eye-shade ; and as I feared this might be contagious, the two cows were isolated from each other and from the herd. I had no further cases. This is a most chronic state, and although the condition, six weeks later, is clearing up, there is yet a great deal of absorption to be done, but both cases have cleared to the extent that sight is restored. This, in Case 2, points not to hremorrhage, but to keratitis, as the former is said to be incurable. I find in eye cases that the action of the morphine derivative is very soothing, and it certainly was in these, the relief from pain being quickly apparent. It is also a very useful absorbent of inflammatory products. There was no trauma in either case, and I could find no trace of any foreign body.
Duck and Fowl Cases. By G. MAY ALL. M.R.C.V.S. IN a book I possess (first published well over sixty years ago, which had then gone into its fourteenth edition and was written by W. W. Broomhead and over 200,000 copies sold), called "Poultry for the Many," the following passage occurs : "Mash for ducks must always be mixed almost sloppy, while grain is best given in a shallow trough of water." The following two post-mortems would seem to show that the warning given then seems to be quite necessary and true to-day. On May 25th I received the carcase of a duck from Hampshire, and on post-mortem found fatty degeneration of the liver, a soft egg in the oviduct, and the
375
and gain access to the milk, or they may arise direct from the udder and so infect man and cause illness. The bacteria of the paratyphus group may lead to severe food poisoning in the case of the eating of the meat of an infected animal. The different microbes may be killed by pasteurisation, but then the vitamins are destroyed, and such milk is no longer of full value. He who does not wish to expose himself to infection and, nevertheless, enjoys raw milk, will do well if he sees it is hygienically produced and from healthy stock under regular veterinary inspection. Thus will every danger of infection be reduced to a minimum. The provision of such a superior milk has been considerably increased during recent years. Plant and animal parasites may be transmitted from animals to men. Tricophyton tonsurans and actinomycosis are examples of the former. Sarcoptic scab and tania saginata are examples of the latter. The united efforts of science and practice must be called up to ensure the production of a hygienic and clean milk supply and increase the consumption of this eminently important means of nourishment. Agriculture and veterinary medicine should always be closely allied in order that this hereditary industry, so important to the State, may grow and thrive. -Schweizer Archiv. fur Tierheilkunde.
Clinical Articles Conjunctivitis (Bovine). By J. W. HALL MASHETER, M.R.C.V.S. N ewnham-on-Severn. ON June 22nd, 1933, I was called to see two cows said to be "blind." Case I.-This had been affected for five days, and showed intense palpetral conjunctivitis. The conjunctiva was studded with granulations which extended to some extent on to the bulbar conjunctiva. The bulbar conjunctiva was brick-red over nearly the whole area, except on the lower third, which showed a thick band of granulations. There was intense lachrymation and pain. One eye only was affected, and the cow blind in that eye. Appetite in abeyance. Milk supply very much reduced. Case 2.-Affected only one day when I was called in. Showed lachrymation from both eyes. Palpetral conjunctiva as in Case 1. The bulbar conjunctiva was not brick-red, but the blood-vessels were intensely injected. The cornea of one eye was a dull matt-black with three brownish streaks about 1 mm. broad extending across its surface. The other cornea showed only the dull blackness. This, according to Wooldridge's Encyclopredia, points to hremorrhage into the vitreous humour, and is said to be incurable.
376
THE VETERINARY JOURNAL
Treatment.-One-thirteenth gr. ethyhnorphine hydrochloride in water to be instilled into the eye by means of an " eye dropper " once a day ; an eye-shade ; and as I feared this might be contagious, the two cows were isolated from each other and from the herd. I had no further cases. This is a most chronic state, and although the condition, six weeks later, is clearing up, there is yet a great deal of absorption to be done, but both cases have cleared to the extent that sight is restored. This, in Case 2, points not to hremorrhage, but to keratitis, as the former is said to be incurable. I find in eye cases that the action of the morphine derivative is very soothing, and it certainly was in these, the relief from pain being quickly apparent. It is also a very useful absorbent of inflammatory products. There was no trauma in either case, and I could find no trace of any foreign body.
Duck and Fowl Cases. By G. MAY ALL. M.R.C.V.S. IN a book I possess (first published well over sixty years ago, which had then gone into its fourteenth edition and was written by W. W. Broomhead and over 200,000 copies sold), called "Poultry for the Many," the following passage occurs : "Mash for ducks must always be mixed almost sloppy, while grain is best given in a shallow trough of water." The following two post-mortems would seem to show that the warning given then seems to be quite necessary and true to-day. On May 25th I received the carcase of a duck from Hampshire, and on post-mortem found fatty degeneration of the liver, a soft egg in the oviduct, and the