COSPAR symposia and scientific meetings at the world space congress 1992

The AIAA has released the Joint COSPAR/IAF Call for Papers for the 1992 World Space Congress. This congress (28 August to 5 September) will combine the 29th COSPAR Plenary Meeting and Associated Scientific Activities with the 43rd General Assembly of the International Astronautical Federation. Copies of the Call for Papers and additional abstract forms are available from the AIAA, 370 L’Enfant Promenade S.W., Washington, DC 20024, USA or the COSPAR Secretariat, 51 Blvd. de Montmorency, 75016 Paris, France. The abstract deadline for COSPAR meetings has been extended to 31 December 1991. 1.1.COSPAR SYMPOSIA CONGRESS 1992

AND SCIENTIFIC

MEETINGS

AT THE WORLD SPACE

The COSPAR Symposia and Scientific Meetings to be held during the World Space Congress, in Washington from 28 August to 5 September 1992, are listed below. This is followed by a preliminary schedule and information on the meetings including a brief description of the scientific aims. COSPAR Events Cadet A.1 -S A.2-S A.3-S A.4-M A.5-M A.6-M A.7-M A.8-M A.9-M B.1 -S B.3-S B.4-S B.5-S B.6-M B.7-M B.8-M B.9-M

Title Resource Mapping and Geophysical Surveys Using Space Technology Global Change and Relevant Space Observations Progress in Scientific Hydrology and Water Resources Management Using Remote Sensing Methods and Challenges in Estimating Surface Temperature from Spacecraft, Aircraft and Ground-based Platforms Satellite Observations of the Ocean and Air/Sea Interaction with Emphasis on New Results from ERS-1 Motions Deduced from Satellite Imagery The Middle Atmosphere-Impact of UARS Observations Application of the Data of Multiple Satellite and High Resolution Sensors Space Data Applications to Agricultural Meteorology Giotto Extended Mission Galileo: Results to Date New Directions in Research on Comets and the Outer Solar System Future Exploration of Mars The Shapes and Gravitational Fields of the Planets and Smaller Bodies of the Solar System The Orientation of the Planet Earth as Observed by Modern Space Techniques Space Debris Contributions of Altimetric Satellites to Solid Earth and Ocean Sciences

iThe first letter of the meeting code (A-G or P) indicates the COSPAR The last letter (S or M) indicates whether a Symposium or Meeting.

14

Commission

or Panel.

Code B-E c.1 -s c.2-s C.3-M C.4-M C.5-M C.6-M C.7-M D.1 -S D.2-S D.3-S D.4-M DS-M D.6-M D.7-M E.l-S E.2-S E.3-S E.4-S E.5-M E.6-M E.7-M E.8-M E.9M E.lO-M Fl.l-S Fl.l.l-S Fl.l.2-S Fl.l.3-S Fl.l.4-S Fl.l.5.S Fl.2-M Fl.3-M F2.1-M F2.2-M F2.3-M F2.4-M F2.5-M F2.6-M F2.7-M F3.1.S F3.2-S F3.3-M F3.4-M F3.5-M F3.6-M F4.1 -M F4.2-M F4.3-M F4.4-M

Title

H. Masursky L.ecture Atmospheres of Venus and Mars The Middle Atmosphere: Its Energetics, Chemistry and Dynamics and Coupling to Regions Above and Below Solar Tides and Related Wave-Wind Interactions 80-150 km Validation of UARS Wind and Temperature Measurements at and above the Mesopause Phenomena and Processes of Thermosphere/Ionosphere Coupling Verification and New Develooment of International Reference Atmosphere Verification of CIRA and Sug’gestions for its Future Development Ulysses Encounter with Jupiter Observations of the Outer Heliosphere Aurorae, Energy Transport, Plasma Flow Substorm Acceleration Region Active Experiments in Space Plasma Magnetosheath as the Interface Between the Magnetopause and the BOW Shock Plasma-Satellite-Dust Interactions The Structure and Physical Properties of the Quiet Solar Corona Recent Results from X-Ray and EUV Astronomy Fundamental Problems in Solar Activity Astronomy and Space Science from the Moon Ultraviolet and usible Observations from Space VLBI: At the Boundary Between Earth and Space Ga!actic Cosmic Ray Heavy Ions Multi-Wavelength Astronomy Gamma Ray Astronomy Infrared and Submillimetre Astronomv Biological Response to Gravity . Session I: Theories and Models on the Biology of the Cell in Space Session II: Cellular Responses to Altered Gr&ity in Space and the Clinostat Session III: Graviresponses in Plants Session IV: Gravitational Developmental Biology Session V: Animal and Human Physiology Mechanisms of Gravity Sensing and Perception Educational Opportunities in the Space Life Sciences Correlations of Laboratory Radiation Experiment Results with Space Measurements and Comparisons with Models and Predictions Role of Heavy Ion Radiation in Mutation and Evolution of Life Mechanisms Underlying Cellular Radiosensitivity and R.B.E. Soace Radiation Effects on Integrated Biological Systems Sblar Particle Events and Deep Space Missions Galactic Cosmic Ray Risk Assessment in Near Earth and Deep Space Missions Recent Space Flight Results in Radiation Biology Extraterrestrial Organic Chemistrv and rhe Origins of Life Life on Mars: Past,?resent and F&ure I Planetary Protection for Mars Missions Chemical Evolution on Titan Origin and Early Evolution of Biological: a) Energy Transduction and Membranes. b) Information and Catalysis Carbon Chemistry and Isotopic Fractionation in Astrophysical Environments Bioregenerative Life Support Experiments in Space and Their Applications Instrumentation for Control of Plant Health and Growth CO,-O2 Temperature Interaction in Plant Growth Systems Methods for CELSS Control System Development and Performance Demonstradon

15

Code F4.5-M F4.6-M F4.7-M F4.8-M G.l-S P.l-M P.2-M P.3-M 1-M

Title Use of Local Soil Materials for Planetary Closed Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) Global Biomass Burning: Impact on Ecosystem Behavior and Climate Control of Micro-Organisms in Plant Growth Systems Dietary Considerations for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems Gravity-Dependent Phenomena in Fluid and Material Sciences Dynamics of Satellites and Probes Chemical Pollution of the Atmosphere Scientific Ballooning Concepts for Small Scientific Satellites

Provisional Schedule of COSPAR Events Date Morning

Afternoon (and Evening)

Friday 28 AugustRegistration

Saturday A.l-S A.4-M c.1 -s C.3-M D.l-S E.l-S E.5-M E.6-M F2.1-M F3.1 -S F4.1-M P.3-M

29 August Resource Mapping Surface Temperature Venus Mars Atmos. Solar Tides Ulysses/Jupiter Quiet Solar Corona UV/Vis Astronomy VLBI Rad. Expts & Models Extraterr. Org. Ch. Bioreg. Life Supp. Scientific Ballooning

A.l-S J A.4-M B.6-M c.1 -s C.4-M El-S E.5-M E.6-M F3.1 -S P.3-M

30 August Resource Mapping Surface Temperature Shapes & Grav. Fields Venus Mars Atmos. UARS Winds Temp. Quiet Solar Corona UV/Vts Astronomy VLBI Extraterr. Org. Ch. Scientific Ballooning

Monday 31 August Inaugural Ceremony

16

1st Executive (Closed)

Council/Plenary

Meeting

A.l-S A.4-M C.l-s C.3-M D.4-M D.5-M E.1 -S E.5-M E.6-M F2.2-M F3.1-S F4.lM P.3-M

Resource Mapping Surface Temperature Venus Mars Atmos. Solar Tides Substorm Acceleration Active Experiments Quiet Solar Corona UV/Vis Astronomy VLBI Rad. Mutations Extraterr. Org. Ch. Bioreg. Life Supp. Scientific Ballooning

A.1 -S A.4-M B.l-S B.6-M B.7-M C.l-s C.4-M El-S ES-M P.3-M

Resource Mapping Surface Temperature Giotto Ext. Mission Shapes & Grav. Fields Orientation of Earth Venus Mars Atmos. UARS Winds Temp. Quiet Solar Corona UV/Vis Astronomy SET1 Symp. (IAA, COSPAR, Scientific Ballooning

A.2-S B.7-M c.2-s D.4-M D.5-M E.2-S E.4-S

Global Change Orientation of the Earth Middle Atmos. Substorm Acceleration Active Experiments X/EUV Astronomy Science from Moon

IAF)

Date Morning

Afternoon

Monday 31 August-continued

Tuesday 1 September Global Change A.2-S B&M Space Debris Middle Atmosph. c.2-s The~osphere~Ionosph~~ CS-M Active Experiments DS-M Magnetosheath D.&M X/EUV Astronomy E.2-S Solar Activity E.3-S E.4-S Science From Moon Fl.l-S Gravitat. Biology Cell ~dioscnsitivity F2.3-M F3.2-S Life on Mars Plant Growth Inst. F4.2-M G.l-S Material & Fluid Sciences P.l-M Sat. Dynamics

Wednesday A.2-S B.3-S B.8-M c.2-s C.5-M D.2-S E.2-S E.3-S E.4-S Fl.l-S F2.4-M F3.3-M F4.4-M G.1 -S P.l-M I-M

2 September Global Change Galileo Results Space Debris Middle Atmosph. Thermosphere/Ionosphere Outer Heliosphere XWUV Astronomy Solar Activity Science From Moon Gravitat. Biology Radiat. & Systems Mars: Planetary Protect. Control Systems Material &Fluid Sciences Sat. Dynamics Small Satellites

Thursday 3 September Global Change A.2-S Scientific Hydrology A.3-S Air/Sea Interaction AS-M B.4-S Comets & OSS c.2-s Middle Atmosph. C.6M IRI Outer Heliosphere D.2-S D.3-S Aurorae E.3-S Solar Activity E.4-S Science From Moon

(and Evening)

E.7-M FI.l-S. F2.3-M F3.2-S G.1 -S

GCR Heavy Ions Gravitat. Biology Celi ~dios~nsltivity Life on Mars Material & Fluid Sciences

A.2-S B.8-M B-E c.2-s CS-M D.2-S D.&M E.2”S E.3-S E.4-S F.l.l-S F2.4-M F3.2-S F4.3-M G.I-S P.l-M I-M

Global Change Space Debris H. Masursky Lecture Middle Atmosph. Thermosphere~ion[)sphere Outer Heliosphere Magnetosheath X/EUV Astronomy Solar Activity Science From Moon Gravitat. Biology Radiat. & Systems Life on Mars COJ02 Interaction Material & Fluid Sciences Sat. Dynamics Small Satellites

Global Change A.&S Galileo Results B.3-S Middle Atmosph. c.2-s Outer Heliospherc D.2-S X/EUV Astronomy E.2-S Solar Activity E.3-S Science From Moon E.4-S Fl.l-S Gravitat. Biology SPE F2.5-M Chem. Evol. Titan F3.4-M Planetary CELSS F4.5-M Material & Fluid Sciences G.l-S Sat. Dynamics P.I-M Small Satellites 1-M Chem. Pollution P.2-M COSPAR Commissions: Business Mtgs (Open) A.2-S A.J-S A.5-M B.4-S c.z-s C.6M D.2-S D.3-S E.3-S E.4-S

Global Change

Scientific Hydrology Air/Sea Interaction Comets & OSS Middle Atmosph. IRI Outer Heliosphere Aurorae Solar Activity Science From Moon

17

Date Morning

Afternoon (and Evening)

Thursday 3 September-continued E.8-M Multiwavelength Astron. Fl.l-S Gravitat. Biology F2.5M SPE F3.5M Early Biol. Evol. F4.6-M Glob. Biomass Bum. G.l -S Material & Fluid Sciences

E.8-M Fl.l-S F2.6-M F3.5-M F4.6-M G.l-S

Mulitiwavelength Astron. Gravitat. Biology GCR Risk Early Biol. Evol. Glob. Biomass Bum. Materials & Fluid Sciences

A.3-S A.5-M A.6-M A.7-M A.8-M B.5-S c.2-s C.7-M D.3-S D.7-M E.3-S E.9-M E.lO-M Fl.l-S F2.6-M F3.6-M F.4.8-M G.l-S

Scientific Hydrology Air/Sea Interaction Motions from Sat. Im. Middle Atm. (UARS) Multi. Sat. Data Appl. Mars: Future Explor. Middle Atmosph. CIRA Aurorae Plasma-Sat.-Dust Solar Activity Gamma Ray Astronomy BUMicrowave Astronomy Gravit. Biology GCR Risk C. Chem./Isotop. Fract. Diet & Bioreg. LSS Material & Fluid Sciences

Friday 4 September A.3-S Scientific Hydrology A.5-M Air/Sea Interaction A.6-M Motions from Sat. Im. A.7-M Middle Atm. (UARS) A.8-M Multi. Sat. Data Appl. B.5-S Mars: Future Explor. Middle Atmosph. c.2-s C.7-M CIRA D.3-S Aurorae D.7-M Plasma-Sat.-Dust Solar Activity E.3-S E.4-S Science from Moon Gamma Ray Astronomy E.9.M $I;;-I$‘-S~C$X&Jgy) F3.6-M F4.7-M G.l-S 2nd Bureau

C. Chem./Isotop. Fract. Microorg. in LSS Material & Fluid Sciences Mtg (Closed)*

Saturday 5 September A.6-M Motions from Sat. Im. A.7-M Middle Atm. (UARS) A.8-M Multi. Sat. Data Appl. A.9-M Agric. Meteorology B.9-M Altimetric Sat. c.2-s Middle Atmosph. D.7-M Plasma-Sat.-Dust Solar Activity E.3-S E.9-M Gamma Ray Astronomy K/Microwave Astronomy E.lO-M F1.2-M Grav. Sens. & Percep. F2.7-M Space Rad. Res.

A.8-M Multi. Sat. Data Appl. A.9.M Agric. Meterology Altimetric Sat. B.9-M c.2-s Middle Atmosph. E.3-S Solar Activity E.9-M Gamma Ray Astronomy E.lO-M WMicrowave Astronomy F1.3-M Education F2.7-M Space Rad. Res 2nd Executive Council/Plenary Mtg. (Closed)

* 1st Bureau Mtg will be held on 27 August (a.m.)

18

Details of Meetings and Symposia

COSPAR COMMISSION A ON SPACE STUDIES SURFACE, METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATE

OF THE EARTH’S

A. 1-S Resouxe Mapping and Geophysical Surveys Using Space Technology

Provisional Dates: 29-30 August Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IUGS, IUGG, COSTED, UNESCO Organizer & Scientific R. P. Singh (India) Editor: The objectives of the symposium are to review the recent developments in geophysical surveys using space technology and to discuss the use of space technology in agriculture, archaeology, soil, water, mineral, oil and gas exploration, and geological and geophysical mapping. The programme will include invited and contributed papers A.24

Global Change and Relevant Space Observations Provisional Dates: 31 August-3 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAA, IGBP, IAF, IAMAP, IAPSO, COSTED, WMO, NASA, CNES, NASDA, ESA, NOAA, SCOR, UNEP Organizer & Scientific J.-L. Fellous (France) Editor: The symposium will review recent developments in global environment and climate change research based on the use of space data. Emphasis will be on multidisciplinary approaches. A survey of new space-based techniques and satellite programmes will be presented. Sessions will cover the following topics: progress in space sensors and data systems for global change (co-organized with IAF); radiation budget and cloud studies and enhanced greenhouse effect detection; global energy and water cycles; large-scale physical, chemical and biological processes at the ocean-atmosphere interface; large-scale physical and biological processes at the land-atmosphere interface; middle atmosphere change; use of satellite data for research in developing countries. The programme will include invited and contributed papers. In view of the large number of expected contributions, poster presentations are planned. (See also IAF programme for Joint IAFKOSPAR Session on Earth Observations for Global Change, to be held as part of the IAF Symposium on Earth Observations.)

19

A.3-S Pmgress in Scientific Hydmlogy and Water Resource Management Using Remote Sensing Provisional Dates: 3-4 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAHS, ICRSDT, IAF, WMO Organizers & Scientific V. V. Salomonson (USA), E. T. Engman (USA) Editors: There will be four half-day sessions. The following proposed subjects are to be covered through status reviews of prominent existing and planned programmes related to hydrology including the GEWEX Continental Scale Project, and invited and contributed papers: the use of remote sensing for understanding the processes occurring in the hydrological cycle on a global scale and on regional scales, applications of remote sensing for monitoring water resources, advances in remote sensing techniques and planned new sensors that will improve the monitoring of water resources and studies of the hydrological cycle, and uses of remote sensing in models of the hydrological cycle and water resources management models. A.&M Methods and Challenges in Estimating Surface Tempemturefim Spacecraft, Aircraft and Ground-Based Platforms Provisional Dates: 29-30 August Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, NASA Organizer & Scientific A. B. Kahle (USA) Editor: The objective of this meeting is to review recent developments in remote monitoring of surface temperatures, which will play an important role in future global change studies. Deriving accurate surface temperatures from remotely sensed measurements is not straightforward for land surfaces, because emitted radiance is a function of both the (unknown) spectral emissivity and the surface kinetic temperature. Also complicating the concept are surface heterogeneity, roughness at all scales, shadowing and atmospheric effects. Various techniques to derive surface temperature from existing and future remote sensing systems such as EOS will be discussed, compared and evaluated. Both invited and contributed papers are to be given at the meeting. A.5-M Satellite Observations of the Ocean and AirSea Internetion with Emphasis on New Resultsfrom ERS-I Provisional Dates: 3-4 September COSPAR, ESA Proposed Sponsors: Organizer & Scientific J. F. R. Gower (Canada) Editor: This meeting will concentrate on the new contributions that satellite observations are making to understanding ocean dynamics and air-sea interaction. Significant new results are expected from the radar data (images, wave spectra, 20

wind speed and surface altimetry) provided by ERS-1. The improved thermal data to be provided by the ATSR on ERS-1 is also expected to lead to significant advances in quantifying surface heat fluxes. Both invited and contributed papers will be included.

A.644 Motions Deduced&m Provisional Dates: Proposed Sponsors: Organizer & Scientific Editor: This meeting will review sequenced imagery from Contributions might deal use variation.

Sarellik Imagery

4-5 September COSPAR, WMO, WCRP C. Hayden (USA) developments in the measurement of motion in time satellites and the application of these measurements. with atmospheric or oceanic currents, ice flows or land

A.7-M Middle Atmosphere Science - Impact of UARS Observations Provisional Dates: 4-5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, SCOSTEP, IAMAP, IAGA Organizer & Scientific W. L. Grose (USA) Editor: This meeting will concentrate on preliminary validation and scientific studies conducted with the observations from the ten instruments on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. Observations of energy input, constituents, winds and temperature will be discussed in relation to their impact on our understanding of the middle atmosphere composition and structure. lnvited papers will be presented by the UARS Principal Investigators (instrument and theoretical teams). Contributed papers (poster presentation only) are also solicited from UARS co-investigators. A&M

Applications of the Data of Multiple Satelliks and High Resolution

Sensors Provisional Dates: 4-5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAF, NASA, CNES, NASDA Organizer: K. Tsuchiya (Japan) Scientific Editors: K. Tsuchiya, J. Dozier Remote sensing data will vastly increase spectral resolution compared with that currently available, spatial resolution is improving, and several platforms will orbit simultaneously as part of the Earth Observing System. Indeed, the traditional multispectral concept of an image as ‘layers’ of a few 2-dimensional spectral channels will give way to the notion of an ‘image cube’, whose third dimension is occupied by more than 100 spectral channels, and which is also coupled with a temporal dimension. This increase in the spectral, spatial, and temporal detail of images acquired will mean that image analysis by physical 21

models will become more common. While the volume of data that make up an image grows, the sophistication of the processing on each datum will also increase. It is clear that the traditional statistical ways of processing remote sensing data will no longer be adequate. This meeting will focus on data having rich spatial detail and temporal resolution, and also the results of analyses using multiple satellite sensors. In addition, the significance of assimiiation of data from multiple satellites will be emphasized. The meeting will include both invited and contributed papers.

A.%M Spee Data A~~~ico~~ a, beak Me~o~~o~ Provisional Date: 5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IUPAP, CASAFA, SC-IGBP, COSTED, UNEP Organizer: R. K. Gupta (India} Scientific Editors: R. K. Gupta, M. J. Meyer-Roux (JRC-EEC), B. Seguin (France) The meeting will concentrate on the applications of sateliite data in the following areas: NOAAIAVHRR vegetation indices as agrometeorological crop growth indicators; estimation of evapotranspiration and water balance for agrometeorological purposes from meteorological satellites; cambined use of remote sensing and crop modeiling for yield estimation - microwave indicators for crop yield modefling. The meeting will include invited and contributed papers.

COSPAR COMMISSION B ON SPACE STUDIES OF THE EARTHMOON SYSTEM, PLANETS, AND SMALL BODIES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM B.1-S Giotto ExtendedMirsian Provisional Date: 30 Angust Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAU, ESA Organizer: G. Schwehm (ESA-ESTEC) Scientific Editor: TBD(‘) The symposium will describe the Giotto-extended mission (GEM) to P/GriggSkjellerup in the summer of 1992. There will be an overview of the mission, as well as detailed reports from the principal investigators and interdisciplinary scientists. This symposium will include invited and contributed papers.

(“TBD; To be decided. 22

B.3-SGalileo: Results to Dare Provisional Date: 2 September COSPAR, IAU Proposed Sponsors: Organizers: T. Johnson (USA), C. Chapman (USA) Scientific Editor: TBD The symposium will consist of a series of invited papers that will review the status of the Galileo mission and the data which have been returned and analyzed up to the time of the meeting. These will include reviews of the measurements of interplanetary fields, charged particles and dust, and ultraviolet spectroscopic observations, all obtained during the cruise phase of the mission. A highlight will be a discussion of the encounter with asteroid Gaspra.

B.&S New Directions in Research on Comets and the Outer Solar System Provisional Date: 3 September COSPAR, IAU Proposed Sponsors: E. Griin (Germany), D. Gautier (France) Organizers: Scientific Editor: TBD The symposium will include reviews of the current status of approved missions that are currently under development (CRAF and Cassini-Huygens), as well as a preview of those which are still in the discussion phase. Among the latter are missions designed to return samples from comets and the experimental studies of artificial comet nuclei that support them, new concepts for exploring the Jovian system, and a possible dual mission to Neptune and Pluto. Invited papers only will be presented.

B.5-S Future Explomtion of Mars Provisional Date: 4 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAU, IAA Organizers: T. C. Owen (USA), A. T. Basilevsky (USSR) This symposium will consist of two parts: a discussion of the key questions that are still unanswered and a description of the current missions that are either approved or under consideration. How much will we know if these missions are successful? What important issues will remain? How can we best address them? The invited papers will discuss: geology and atmosphere; Mars observer; Mars 91/96; future plans outlined by the US, European and USSR space agencies.

23

B.6-M The Shapes and Gmvitational Field of the Planets and Smaller Bodies of the Solar System Provisional Date: 30 August Sponsor: COSPAR Organizers: S. K. Runcorn (UK), W. M. Kaula (USA) Scientific Editor: S. K. Runcorn The figures of the Sun and Moon have played a key role in the development of geoscience. It is timely to make a comparative study of what has been learned about the shapes and gravitational fields of planets and satellites, and to discuss the conclusions that can be drawn as to their internal structure and evolution. The observations are drawn primarily from space missions, but also depend on ground-based astronomy. The interaction with theory is of paramount importance. The meeting will include both invited and contributed papers. B.7-M

The Orientation of the Planet Earth as Observed by Modem Space Techniques

Provisional Date: 31 August Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAU, IUGG/IAG Organizer: M. Feissel (France) TBD Scientific Editor: Modern space techniques are now used to determine the orientation of the Earth in space and to establish high precision reference frames. The contributing techniques and the interpretation of results obtained, such as the role of the atmosphere, and future studies are the focus of this meeting. The meeting will comprise invited and contributed (mainly poster) papers. B.8-M Space Debris Provisional Dates: l-2 September IAA, COSPAR, IAF Proposed Sponsors: Organizer & Scientific W. Flury (ESA-ESOC) Editor: Operations in Earth orbit have generated both large and small particles which remain in orbit. In some regions, these objects already produce a flux which exceeds the interplanetary meteoroid flux. The meeting will include the results of ground and space-based measurements of the environment and the results from environmental predictions achieved through modelling and supporting ground tests. The effects on space activities and research will also be discussed. Suggestions to reduce the growth of the debris population and keep the collision risk within tolerable limits will be made. The meeting will be divided into 3 sessions: a) Modelling and Measurements of Space Debris and Meteoroids; b) Risk Analysis and Protective Measures for the Particle Environment in Space; c) Managing Space Debris Population and Its Evolution. The programme will comprise invited and contributed papers, with posters if needed. 24

B.9-M Contributions of Altimetric Satellites to Solid Earth and Ocean Sciences Provisional Date: 5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAF, IAG Organizer: B. Tapley (USA) Scientific Editor: TBD Several altimetric satellites will make contributions to solid Earth and ocean sciences in the 1990s. These include ERS-1, ERS-2, TOPEX/Poseidon and Geo-Sat Follow-on, which will contribute to global ocean circulation and gravity mapping, as well as studies of global change. The symposium will focus on: a) Contributions from the analysis of previous altimetric missions and ERS-1 first results; b) Anticipated results from future missions. The meeting will include both invited and contributed papers.

B-E The Harold Masursky Lecture Provisional Date: 1 September Speaker: A. T. Basilevsky (Head of Laboratory for Comparative Planetology and Meteorites, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, USSR) The Harold Masursky Lecture commemorates a past chairman of COSPAR Commission B and an outstanding planetary scientist. Dr Masursky participated in virtually every NASA planetary mission from the early days of the Ranger programme to Galileo. His energy, enthusiasm and insistence on firstrate science were crucial factors in the acquisition of the data on which the science of planetary geology is based. This lecture will reflect Dr Masursky’s keen interest in comparing landforms and geological processes on one terrestrial planet with the same characteristics on all the others. Dr Basilevsky was a colleague and friend of Dr Masursky. His expertise in comparative planetology and his position as the current chairman of ISC B make him eminently suited to give this tribute. Note: ISC B is a co-organizer D.7-M. E.4-S and F3.2-S.

of the following

meetings:

AS-M,

C.l-S,

D.l-S,

2.5

COSPAR COMMISSION C ON SPACE STUDIES OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE OF THE EARTH AND PLANETS INCLUDING REFERENCE ATMOSPHERES C. I -S A~osphe~ of Venztsand Mars Provisional Dates: 29-30 August Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAGA, IAU Organizer & Scientific G. M. Keating (USA) Editor: Observational studies will be presented on the Venus and Mars atmospheres including new data from the final phase of the Pioneer Venus mission, analysis of the Galileo encounter images, analysis of the Venera measurements, analysis of the Phobos data and of Earth-based measurements. Also included will be studies relating the Venus and Mars atmospheres to the past, present and future atmospheres of Earth. The new Venus results will be considered for an updated version of the Venus International Reference Atmosphere (WRA). Both invited and contributed papers will be included. Real-time Pioneer Venus data being obtained during the final reentry phase will be displayed during the symposium. C.2-S The Mh&lle Atmosphere: Its Eneqetics, Chemistry and Dynamics and Coupling to Regions Above and Beiow Provisions Dates: 3 1 August-5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, SCOSTEP, IAGA, IAMAP, ICMUA Organizer: M. A. Geller (USA) Scientific Editor: TBD The symposium will deal with a number of current middle atmosphere topics. One session will be devoted to the results from the DYANA campaign on planetary waves, gravity waves and turbulence. Other sessions will include: new results from UARS and ATLAS; dynamical and electrodynamical coupling process studies; the response of the middle atmosphere to solar variability; middle atmosphere composition including aerosol effects; studies of layered structures, in particular those found in the summer polar mesopause region. This symposium will include invited and contributed papers. C.3-M Solar Tides and Related Wave- WZnd1ntiraction.s 80-150 km 29 August Provisional Date: COSPAR, SCOSTEP Proposed Sponsors: Organizer & Scientific A. H. Manson (Canada) Editor: The purpose of the meeting is to develop an improved understanding of the dynamics and structure of the 80-150 km height region. Particular emphasis will be placed on coupling, both between atmospheric regions and between physical processes. Papers on the following topics will be included: tidal 26

propagation; gravity wave, tidal wave, mean flow interactions; downward penetration of magnetic storm effects. Reports on recent theoretical work, numerical model results, and analysis of data from satellite sensors and ground based radars and optical inst~ments will be welcomed. C.4-M Validation ofUARS Wind and Temperature Measurements at and above the ~e~o~~e 30 August Provisional Date: COSPAR, IAMAP, IAGA, SCOSTEP Proposed Sponsors: G. Shepherd (Canada) Organizer & Scientific Editor: The first six months of the UARS mission, scheduled for launch in August 1991, will be devoted to validation of instruments and their data analysis procedures. This will involve comparative measurements from the ground, and from balloons and rockets. The first validation results should be available by August 1992 so that the COSPAR Meeting will be an excellent opportunity to present and discuss these results. CS-M Phenomena and plocesses ofThe~osphe~~ono~phe~ Coupling Provisional Dates: l-2 September COSPAR, IAGA, IAMAP, SCOSTEP, URSI Proposed Sponsors: Organizer & Scientific V. B. Wickwar (USA) Editor: Observational campaigns in the thermosphere/ionosphere have measured a great diversity of related geophysical parameters within a single region, in overlapping regions, or in adjacent regions. Progress in this area has occurred because of the development of new instruments and better coordination among them. Models have been made more comprehensive and have been extended to take into account coupling between adjacent regions. In addition, our understanding has been extensively tested by comparing observations with model results. The focus of this meeting will be on recent progress in these areas. The meeting will include both invited and contributed papers. C.&M Ve~~eation and New ~~eloprnen~ of In~~do~l Reference Io~sphe~ Provisional Date: 3 September COSPAR, URSI, IAGA Proposed Sponsors: Organizer: L. Bossy (Belgium) Scientific Editors: D. Bilitza (USA), K. Rawer ~Germ~y) The IRI 90 will be compared with empirical data and theoretical models, with an emphasis on high latitudes and the equatorial belt. The needs for future studies will be discussed in this context. The meeting will comprise invited and contributed papers. 27

C.7-M Verification of CiRA and Suggestions for its Future Development

Provisional Date: 4 September Sponsor: COSPAR Organizer: K. Labitzke (Germany) Scientific Editor: TBD It is expected that new data will become available for comparison with and evaluation of CIRA, and it is important that such data are discussed as a basis for further improvement of the standard atmosphere. This meeting will include invited and contributed papers, with the latter mainly as poster presentations. Note: ISC C is co-organizer of B.5-S, D.3-S and P.Z-M. COSPAR COMMISSION D ON SPACE PLASMAS IN THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING PLANETARY MAGNETOSPHERES

SOLAR

D. 1-S CYjws E~~ou~~r with Jupiter

Provisional Date: 29 August COSPAR, IAU Proposed Sponsors: Organizer & Scientific K.-P. Wenzel (ESA-ESTEC) Editor: In February 1992, the Ulysses spacecraft will fly through the Jovian system as it uses a planetary gravity assist to leave the ecliptic plane. The flyby trajectory through the Jovian system is unique and will provide the last in situ measurements from a spacecraft in the Jovian system until Galileo orbit insertion in the middle of the decade. The symposium will consist of invited papers by Ulysses investigators reporting the initial results from the various spacecraft instruments obtained during the Jovian encounter period. D&S

Observations of tfre Outer Heliosphene Provisional Dates: l-3 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAU D. E. Page (USA), F. B. McDonald (USA) and Organizers: R. B. McKibben (USA) Scientific Editor: D. E. Page The Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft continue their journeys to the edge of the Solar System and the heliospheric boundary. There is renewed interest in the outermost regions of the Sun’s environment, the interaction of the heliosphere with the interstellar medium and the entry of cosmic rays into the system. Meanwhile, Ulysses has been launched and is en route to the solar polar regions. Papers will be included on aspects of heliosphe~c science outside 1 AU with particular emphasis on results from and predictions for the Pioneer, Voyager and Ulysses space missions. The symposium will include invited and contributed papers. 28

D.3-S Aarorae, Enemy Transport and Plasma Flow

3-4 September Provisional Dates: COSPAR, IAGA, SCOSTEP Proposed Sponsors: I. Sandahl (Sweden) Organizer & Scientific Editor: The polar regions of the magnetosphere and ionosphere, as well as of the plasmasphere, remain of intense interest and importance for our understanding of geospace. More than a decade of aurora1 imaging from space, coupled with new results from spacecraft such as Akebono, and planning for spacecraft such as Polar and Interball, make concentration on the coupling of the ionosphere and magnet[)sphere useful at this time. Papers on observations or allied theoretical results on aurora1 phenomena, energy flow and plasma transport in the ionosphere and magnetosphere/plasmasphere will be included in this symposium.

D.4-M Substorm Acce~eratioa Region Provisional Dates: 29-31 August Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAGA, SCOSTEP M. A. Saunders (UK) Organizer & Scientific Editor: The substorm acceleration region remains a matter of controversy and yet of great importance in magnetospheric physics. The meeting will review the observational evidence and the latest theoretical ideas concerning the site of the primary acceleration processes which give rise to the global geomagnetic substorm. Contributions will deal specifically with theory and observational data concerning the site of the primary acceleration process.

D.5M

Active Experiments in Space Plasma Provisional Dates: 29 August- 1 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, URSI Organizers & Scientific P. Bernhardt (USA) Editor: Active experimentation in space has opened up geospace and laboratory for fundamental plasma physics as well as for testing geophysical theories. New rocket programmes and spacecraft programmes such as the CRRES and ACTIV missions make the subject very topical. The meeting will comprise contributed papers on aspects of active experimental techniques in the space plasma environment.

29

D.6-M Magnemheath as the In&@ace Between the Magnetopause and Bow Shock Provisional Date: 1 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAGA, SCOSTEP Organizer & Scientific C. T. Russell (USA) Editor: Understanding the magnetosheath is critical to our ultimate understanding of the Earth’s magnetosphere. In recent years, there has been a new interest in the physical processes governing the region. The plasma flow in the region is transsonic and trans-Alfvenic, and the interpretation of spacecraft data is complicated by this fact. The relationship between the gross features of the region (the variation of pressure, field and velocity) has yet to be linked to the complex spectrum of waves detected by spacecraft. The meeting will include papers on aspects of observations and theory relating to the processes occurring in the magnetosheath. D.7-M P~~-Sa~lli~-~~t rn~~ti5~ Provisional Dates: 4-5 September Proposed Sponsor: COSPAR Organizers: D. Mohlmann (Germany), W. H. Ip (Germany) Scientific Editor: W. H. Ip The interactions of plasma with solid bodies, atmospheres and dust are issues of relevance to many astrophysical problems. In the Solar System, there are multiple instances where the interactions are of critical importance. Recent space missions such as the Phobos mission, the forthcoming Giotto spacecraft encounter with the Comet Grigg-Skjellerup and the future Cassini mission to the Saturnian system have yielded or will yield new results. Papers on the interactions between dust and neutral atmospheres and plasma environments, such as planetary magnetospheres or the solar wind, will make up the bulk of this meeting. ISC D is a co-organizer of F.2.5-M and F.2.6-M. COSPAR COMMISSION SPACE

E ON RESEARCH

IN ASTROPHYSICS

FROM

E.l -S The Structuw and Physical Properties of the Quiet Solar Corona 29-30 August Provisional Dates: COSPAR, IAU Proposed Sponsors: A. Gabriel (France) Organizer: Scientific Editor: TBD Present knowledge of the structure, physical properties and evolution of the quiet corona is very limited and dispersed. It consists of coronograph and 30

eclipse data in the visible, a few XUV observations, broad-band X-ray images and radio observations. In view of the plans to study the corona from space (SOHO, CORONAS and OSL), it is important to confront existing data from spectroscopy and radio with theoretical modelling activities. The symposium will emphasize aspects of the corona which are always present, i.e. excluding large active regions, flares and transients. Physical properties are interpreted widely to include a variety of fields, abundance variations and MHD waves. Efforts to understand or predict the coronal properties in terms of energy and momentum balance are included. Invited papers will include the following topics: existing data on the visible; UV and radio observations; modelling of coronal loops; onset and acceleration of the solar wind; abundance separation in the corona; energy balance in the corona; future planned space observations. The symposium will also include contributed papers. E.2-S Recent Results in X-Ray and EUVAstronomy Provisional Dates: 3 1 August-2 September COSPAR, IAU, IAA Proposed Sponsors: Organizer: J. Triimper (Germany) Scientific Editor: TBD Recent X-ray and EUV astronomy missions have produced a wealth of new information on various classes of astrophysical objects: stars, white dwarfs; cataclysmic variables and X-ray binaries; supernovae and supernova remnants; interstellar medium in emission, absorption and scattering; galaxies and clusters of galaxies; AGNs and the cosmic X-ray background. Invited talks will summarize the recent results and their astrophysical implications. They will be complemented by contributed oral and poster papers. E.3-S Fundamental Problems in Solar Activiry Provisional Dates: l-5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, SCOSTEP, IAU Organizer: M. Pick (France) Scientific Editors: M. Pick, M. E. Machado (Argentina) A physical understanding of the processes that drive solar active phenomena is of fundamental importance to physics and solar-terrestrial physics. This is also relevant to our understanding of similar processes in other stars and more exotic objects in the Universe. On the other hand, space exploration stresses the need for accurate predictions. In 1992 we shall have a combination of new results and mature science, from spacecraft missions like the (dedicated) Solar-A and SMM, as well as the (non-dedicated) GRO, Ulysses and Granat. We shall also have new results from long duration balloon flights and technologically advanced ground based telescopes. All these drive worldwide studies coordinated by the international FLARE 22 Project and various national programmes. This symposium will consist of invited reviews and contributed 31

papers on the following topics: a) key structures producing solar activity; b) initiation and characteristic development of transient activity; c) non-thermal phenomena from the Sun to the interplanetary medium and particle propagation; d) flare prediction and long term variability. E.4-S Astnwwmy and Space Science from the Moon 31 August-4 September Provisional Dates: COSPAR, IAA, IAU, IAF, IAGA, Space Agencies Proposed Sponsors: B. H. Foing (France) Organizer: Scientific Editor: TBD The Moon is a prime site for astronomy, Solar System observations and space science. The lunar vacuum allows a complete opening of the electromagnetic window and distortion-free measurements at the highest angular resolution, precision and temporal stability. The Moon is perfect for continuous monitoring of the Earth, Sun, Solar System, and for deeper observations of galactic and extrag~actic objects. It is a unique on-site laboratory for selenophysics, chemistry and exobiology. It contains useful resources, and is accessible from Earth for installation, operations, maintenance, robotic and human activities. Scientists, engineers, and space agencies are assessing the performances and possible scenarios for lunar observatories and laboratories. In this symposium, invited papers will review current ideas and status, and selected oral cont~buted papers will highlight specific proposals or related activities. Poster sessions and discussions will allow further interaction about new concepts, techniques, constraints and strategies. The programme includes the following main topics: Solar Physics from the Moon; Solar System Remote Observations from the Moon; Solar System Plasmas (Remote Observations); Solar System Plasmas (Moon in situ Measurements); Astronomy from the Moon, Open Window on the Universe; Astronomy from the Moon at Hyper Resolution and Precision; Lunar Science; Earth Observations from the Moon; Scenarios for Lunar Bases and Observatories. E.5-M Uhviolet and Visible ~bse~atio~~rn Space 29-30 August Provisional Dates: COSPAR Sponsor: E Macchetto (Italy) Organizer: Scientific Editor: TBD The past year has seen the launch of two major astronomical missions, Astro and HST, while Hipparcos has begun to produce a high precision catalogue of stellar positions and magnitudes. Speakers at this session will discuss major scientific results obtained with these observations, which are expected to make fundamental contributions in all areas of current research in astronomy, from stellar evolution and astrophysics, to the study of high-energy phenomena in 32

active galaxies and the determination of the distance scale of the Universe. The meeting will consist of invited and contributed papers. VZBI: At the Bounaiwy Between Earth and Space Provisional Dates: 29-30 August COSPAR Sponsor: Organizer: B. Burke (USA) Scientific Editor: TBD Two spacecraft, VSOP (Japan) and Radioastron, in an advanced state of preparation, and other missions’ concepts will be studied in some detail. The current status of ground-based VLBI observations will be reviewed, and the state of understanding examined, in the context of preparation for the scientific activities of the upcoming missions. Finally, the future direction for VLBI in space will be examined. The meeting will have invited and contributed papers. Topics will include: TDRS summary; radio astronomy plans; VSOP plans; scientific prospects; next space VLBI missions; technological issues; planning for the future.

E.6-M

Galactic Cosmic Ray Heavy Ions Provisional Date: 31 August Sponsor: COSPAR S. Biswas (India) Organizer: Scientific Editor: TBD The aim of the meeting is to bring together new observational data on galactic cosmic ray heavy ions relating to their ionization status, isotopic composition and fluxes, and to compare these data with those predicted theoretically from the models of acceleration, propagation and possible source regions. These topics will bc covered in invited talks and contributed papers. E.7-M

E.8-M Multi- Wavelength Asnonomy

Provisional Date: 3 September COSPAR Sponsor: G. F. Bignami (Italy) Organizer: Scientific Editor: TBD Celestial objects emit over the entire em spectrum and are not concerned about our limitations/schematizations of doing observational astrophysics. The meeting will be devoted to a cross-fertilization of observational results with special emphasis on those new high-energy space astronomy missions, the results of which are coming in now, viz. Astro-1, Sigma, Rosat, GRO. Correlations with existing databases, ST data and dedicated ground observations will be shown to greatly enhance the value of these observations for interpretative work. Topics will include: observational strategies across the em spectrum for different object classes; review of available results, to be divided 33

into test cases (AGNs, stars, neutron stars, GREk, etc); multi-wavelength astronomy (from space, supported with ground-based data) as a tool for characterizing and understanding celestial objects; theoretical predictions on wide-band emission, to match the observational test cases. The meeting will include both invited and contributed papers. E.9-M Gamma Ray Astronomy Provisional Dates: 4-5 September Sponsor: COSPAR Organizer & Provisional G. C. C. Palumbo (Italy) Scientific Editor: The meeting will mostly be devoted to new observational results and theoretical developments. A session will be devoted entirely to GRO results. There will also be results from other gamma-ray missions such as Gamma-l. Sigma, etc. The galactic and isotropic diffise radiation, galaxies and gamma-ray lines will also be discussed. The connection between gamma-rays and cosmic rays will be considered. Topics will include: results from GRO’s four detectors, EGRET, BATSE, COMPTEL and OSSE; new results from Sigma; gamma-rays and cosmic rays; gamma-rays and molecular gas; gamma-ray sources; diffuse gamma radiation; gamma-ray lines; gamma-ray bursts. This meeting will include invited and contributed papers. E.1 O-M Iu$iwed and ~u~rn~ll~rn~~A~~norny

Provisional Dates: 4-5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAU Organizer & Provisional M, Hauser (USA) Scientific Editor: The meeting will cover current results and future missions, with a mix of invited and contributed papers. Detector technology has advanced rapidly, as shown by a sequence of major missions from Relikt 1 through IRAS and COBE, with even greater advances planned for IS0 and SIRTF. In particular, the recent COBE mission has provided new data on the spectrum and isotropy of the cosmic background radiation. Topics will include: cosmology and large scale structure; galaxies, their formation, structure and evolution; star fo~ation; interstellar medium; future missions. The meeting will include invited and contributed papers. Note: ISC E is a co-organizer F.2.6-M.

34

of the following meetings: D.4-M, F.2.5M,

COSPAR SPACE

COMMISSION

Sub-Commission

F ON LIFE

SCIENCES

AS RELATED

TO

Fl on Gravitational Biology

F 1.1 -S Biological Response to Gravity Provisional Dates: 3 1 August-4 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAA, IAF, IUBS, IUPS, ELGRA, ISDB, NASA, ESA, INTERCOSMOS, DARA Organizers: R. S. Young (IUBSUSA), H. Oser (IAA/ESA), E. A. Ilyin @AA/USSR) The symposium will cover the various aspects of gravitational biology at the cellular, tissue and organismic level. It will deal with the experimental results from space flight experiments and from simulation experiments on the ground, as well as with models. The topics of the different sessions are described below. The session on Animal and Human Physiology will be jointly co-organized with the IAF and part of its programme will appear under the IAF heading. There are to be invited and contributed papers, oral as well as posters. Session 1: Theories and Models on the Biology of the Cell in Space Organizer: M. Cogoli (Switzerland) Scientific Editors: A. Cogoli, M. Cogoli (Switzerland) This session will cover results from space and ground experiments, as well as models, on the response of single cells (bacteria, protozoa, plant and animal cells) to the space environment. Session 2: Cellular Responses to Altered Gravity in Space and the Clinostat Organizers: R. Gruener (USA), E. L. Kordyum (USSR Scientific Editor: R. Gruener This session deals with recent advances in the space biology of cells and cellular processes. Wherever feasible, authors will compare effects on cells in the microgravity of space with those observed in the clinostat. A discussion on putative gravisensing mechanisms will summarize each presentation. Session 3: Graviresponses in Plants Organizers: A. Sievers (Germany), T. Bjiirkman (USA) Scientific Editor: A. Sievers Experiments under microgravity and investigations with mutants provide a valuable insight into the problem of graviperception, the very early step in the stimulus-response chain by plants to gravity. Results of these experiments have to be compared with results from clinostats. The later steps in signal transmission and response are investigated by electrophysiological and cytological methods, respectively. The session will include invited and contributed speakers 35

and posters. Topics of invited papers: statoliths in graviperception, microfilaments in graviperception, protoplasmic streaming, differential flank growth. Session 4: Gravitational Developmental Biology Organizer & Scientific G. A. Ubbels (The Netherlands) Editor: An increasing number of interesting results have accumulated in the fields of gravitational cell and developmental biology. Embryos of many different species show sensitivity to the gravity vector for different periods during their development. This session will concentrate on results from developmental biology experiments, from the molecular level to the organism, including the development of the sensory system, which have recently been performed in manned and unmanned spacecraft. The session will begin with a review lecture on the ‘state of the art’, to be followed by short communications to be selected from poster abstracts. At least three hours will then be available for ‘poster reviewing’. Finally, a main speaker will summarize the highlights presented, evaluating recent progress and guiding a discussion on future research. Session 5: Animal and Human Physiology Organizers: E. A. Ilyin (V&USSR), H. Oser (IAA/ESA), K. A. Souza (USA) Scientific Editor: H. Oser Human and animal studies in space make it possible to investigate space flight environments, and contribute to a fuller understanding of the role of gravity in biology. The goals of this session, through presentation of in-flight physiological data and their interpretation, are a) to generalize the role of gravity in functions of the vestibular, skeletal-muscular, cardiovascular, and endocrine systems; b) to determine the objectives of further studies; c) to develop more adequate and informative techniques. The issues related to the development of international orbital biomedical laboratories, including those for gravitational biology and physiology, are also to be considered. The session will be co-organized with the IAF (see symposium on Life Sciences in the IAF programme). F1.2-M Mechanisms

of Gmvity Sensing andPerception

Provisional Date: 5 September COSPAR Sponsor: Organizers: T. W. Halstead (USA), M. D. Ross (USA) Scientific Editors: T. W. Halstead, M. D. Ross, S. J. Roux (USA) The first session of this meeting will be on animal gravity receptors and the mechanism involved in the transduction of the gravity stimulus. The second session will be devoted to gravity perception and the transduction of the gravity stimulus in higher plants. The meeting will have invited and contributed papers. 36

F 1.3-M Educational Opportunities in the Space Lif Sciences 5 September Provisional Date: COSPAR, IAA, IAF Proposed Sponsors: R. J. White (USA), B. Lujan (USA) Organizers & Scientific Editors: This meeting will consist of presentations from representatives of the various educational programmes that exist in the space life sciences. The main purpose is to provide information to the international community about the various educational programmes that are currently available in the areas of space physiology and medicine, gravitational biology, biospherics, and exobiology. The information to be presented may be useful to countries interested in establishing their own educational programme in these science areas.

Sub-Commission

F2 on Radiation Biology

F2.1-M Correlations

of Laboratory Radiation Experiment Results with Space Measurements and Comparisons with Models and Predictions Provisional Date: 29 August COSPAR, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, NASA, Proposed Sponsors: USSR Academy of Sciences Organizer: E. G. Stassinopoulous (USA) Scientific Editor: G. Swenberg (USA) Ground-based radiation experiments and research are based by necessity on narrow beams, unidirectional exposures with mono-energetic particle or photon sources, using one single radiation type or species at a time. In contrast, in the actual space radiation environment, all radiation types (all species) arrive simultaneously from all directions (in most cases, with uniform omnidirectional and isotropic incidence), and simultaneously for all available energies (full spectral distributions). The consequences of these differences and their effects need to be investigated and their impact on long-term predictions of human space radiation exposures need to be correctly evaluated. It is expected that significant differences may exist between the simplistic current approaches of determining radiation effects on manned missions and the results obtained from correct considerations of the complex space reality. F2.2-M Role of Heavy Ion Radiation in Mutation and Evolution of Lif Provisional Date: 29 August Sponsor: COSPAR T. C. Yang (USA) Organizer & Scientific Editor: The meeting will discuss the potential importance of cosmic rays, particularly heavy ions in the origin of life, radio-induced mutation at molecular level and the role of radiation-induced mutation in the processes of evolution of 37

organisms. In the past decade, information on physical and biological effects of energetic particles has been accumulated rapidly, and a better understanding of mutation at a molecular level in various species has been gained. With such new information, it is time to address the important question: what potential role do cosmic rays, especially heavy ion radiation, play in the formation as well as the evolution of life? An intensive discussion about these subjects may yield new insights into the dynamics of evolution of organisms and the possibilities of new life forms on other planets, such as Mars. There will be invited speakers addressing the key issues and contributed papers. F2.3-M acne Undermine ~e~~~~~r B~i~~e~i~yi~ and R.B.E. Provisional Dates: 31 August-l September COSPAR, NASA Proposed Sponsors: Organizer: J. Lett (USA) Scientific Editor: A. B. Cox (USA) The meeting will continue and develop the theme of the COSPAR MF 3 (1990) session, which dealt with basic cellular mechanisms of radiation damage, by extension to the consideration of the radiation responses of DNA (molecular biological) and cellular repair processes in situ, and their roles in determining cellular and tissue sensitivities to specific radiations during extended missions in deep space, e.g. the extended missions to Mars. The meeting will introduce, and be a prelude to, subsequent consideration at future COSPAR meetings of modem radiobiological theories that can be used ultimately to predict the responses of humans to radiation exposures in deep space. The sessions will cover: a) radiation chemistry of cellular DNA (high LET); b) repair of cellular DNA damage (high LET), There will be invited and contributed papers. F2.4-M Space lotion Egects on In~gm~d Bi~~~~~~l&stems Provisional Dates: l-2 September Sponsor: COSPAR B. V. Worgul (USA) Organizer & Scientific Editor: Manned exploration of deep space demands an examination of high-LET radiation effects on tissues and organs critical to mission success and survival. h vitro data, while invaluable for understanding basic radiological phenomena, do not extrapolate readily to the multi-functional cell systems characteristic of tissues and organs. This meeting will focus on the functional and structural pathology of critical tissues such as central nervous and musculo-skeletal systems, blood forming and sensory organs as well as the gastrointestinal tract. The assessments will be based on anticipated organ radiation exposures for projected mission scenarios. In reference to existing models such as the Computerized Anatomical Man and Women (CAM & CAF), the meeting will examine what is known of potential tissue damage that may be expected in deep 38

space flight, define the existing deficiencies of the database, and recommend procedures for monitoring organs at risk. The meeting will consist of two sessions each initiated by invited speakers followed by contributed papers. F2.5-M Solar Particle Events and Deep Space Missions Provisional Dates: 2-3 September COSPAR, IAU, IUWDS, SCOSTEP Proposed Sponsors: Organizers: R. J. M. Fry (USA), M. A. Shea (USA) Scientific Editors: R. J. M. Fry, M. A. Shea, D. F. Smart (USA) In large solar particle events (SPE), the proton dose rate may rise rapidly to levels that could cause acute damage in those exposed to deep space missions. It is important to have information about the potential dose equivalents in order to provide information for the design of the vehicle, including provision for a sheltered area. To determine dose equivalents, it is necessary to know the LET and energy spectra of the radiations. Since there is a high probability of a large SPE during a Mars mission during a solar maximum, the methods of SPE prediction and protection of the crew are an important issue. This meeting, intended for space environment researchers, space mission planners and radiation biologists, will consist of invited and contributed papers on the following topics: the origin of SPE; current status of solar activity prediction (solar cycle, SPE, particulate radiation); dosimetry requirements and hazards of instrument failure; estimation of doses and dose equivalents in organs of interest, and a description of the LET and energy spectra; the potential acute and late biological effects and risk of deterministic and stochastic effects; radiation protection strategies. The meeting will include a panel discussion, organized jointly with F2.6-M on directions for future research, and future small- and large-scale projects (see F2.6-M below). F2.6-M Galactic Cosmic Ray Risk Assessment in Near Earth and Deep Space Missions Provisional Dates: 3-4 September Sponsor: COSPAR Organizers: S. B. Curtis (USA), M. A. Shea (USA) Scientific Editor: TBD The meeting will cover all aspects of risk assessment associated with galactic cosmic ray environment inside and outside the Earths magnetosphere. Topics will include: review of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) abundances and spectra - near Earth and out to Mars orbit; solar cycle modulation of GCR, 11 and 22 year variations; effects on model calculations; radiation transport through shielding including fragmentation and other nuclear effects; hazards of instrument failure; radiation levels (flux, spectrum, dose and dose equivalent) in spacecraft and organs of interest; problems of GCR assessment (identification of risks, quality factor, etc.). The meeting will include invited and contributed 39

papers. The meeting will close with a panel discussion, organized jointly with F2.5M, on directions for future research, and small and large projects both for solar particle events and galactic cosmic rays and the assessment of associated risk for near-Earth and deep space missions,

F2.7-M Recent Space Flight Results in Radiation Biology Provisional Date: 5 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAA, ELGRA Organizers: H. Bucker (Germany), H. Plane1 (IAA/France) Scientific Editors: H. Bucker, G. Horneck (Germany) The meeting will deal with the dosimetric and radiobiological results obtained during recent space flight missions, such as LDEF, Biocosmos, MIR, IML 1, CRRES and others. The following topics will be discussed: dosimetry in low Earth orbit, comparison of predictions with measurements using passive and active dosimeters; biological response to cosmic radiation, especially HZE particles with respect to tissue, cellular and subcellular damage, genetic effects, development disturbances, and others; impact of microgravity conditions on radiation response in space; consequences of long-term exposure to space, including space vacuum, solar UV radiation and temperature extremes. There will be invited and contributed papers, including posters. Sub-Commission

F3 on Planetary Biology and Origins of Life

F3.1-S Extratenwtrial Organic Chemktry and the Origins of Life Provisional Dates: 29-30 August Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, ESA, NASA, IAU, ISSOL. Council of Europe Organizers: J. M. Greenberg (The Netherlands), A. Brack (France), J. Oro (USA) Scientific Editors: J. M. Greenberg, A. Brack Extraterrestrial material might have been an important source of organic compounds and of water that triggered life on the primitive Earth. The topics to be covered in this meeting will include the study of organic molecules in interstellar dust particles, comets, meteorites and micrometeorites, their delivery to the primitive Earth and their chemical processing by water. There is also evidence for chemical and physical prebiotic type processes in the outer Solar System. The meeting will deal with data obtained from remote sensing and from laboratory simulation experiments, as well as with theoretical modelling and planned space missions. Targets of interest will be comets, asteroids and the giant planets, with Titan, Triton and other satellites. The meeting will consist of invited and contributed papers. 40

F3.2-S Lif on Mars: Past, Present and Future 3 1 August-l September Provisional Dates: Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, ISSOL D. L. DeVincenzi (USA) Organizer: Scientific Editors: A. Banin (Israel), I. Friedmann (USA) The objective of this symposium is to evaluate the possible existence of life on Mars given its past, present and future environmental properties. Topics to be discussed, in both invited and contributed papers, include: a) past life on Mars: models for chemical and biological evolution on early (presumably warmer and wetter) Mars; presence on Mars of chemical and mineralogical remnants of such processes; adaptation of early life on Mars to deteriorating environmental conditions on the planet; b) present life on Mars; environmental niches that may still sustain life on Mars; organisms inhabiting terrestrial analogues of such niches; search for scenarios for Mars; c) future life on Mars: strategies for introducing microbial ecologies on Mars as a first step toward terraforming. Compatibility of terrestrial microbes with the Mars environment and the directed development of protected or optimized species. F3.3-M Planetary Protection for Mars Missions Provisional Date: 2 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, NASA, USSR Academy of Sciences J. D. Rummell (USA), M. V. Ivanov (USSR) Organizers: Scientific Editor: J. D. Rummel The objective of this meeting is to discuss the scientific, technical, and legal aspects of forward and backward contamination issues associated with Mars missions. The emphasis will be on requirements to be levied on robotic missions, and the potential of those missions to address planetary protection concerns prior to human missions to Mars. Presentations will consist of both invited talks and contributed papers, the former to cover planetary protection provisions for USSR and US Mars missions. F3.4-M Chemical Evolution on Titan Provisional Date: 2 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, NASA, ESA Organizer & Scientific F. Raulin (France) Editor: Titan provides a planet-sized laboratory for the study of prebiotic chemical processes in a reduced atmosphere, in the presence of liquid bodies on the surface, and aerosols in the atmosphere. This meeting will review the most recent data related to Titan and its prebiotic-like organic chemistry. Special emphasis will be given to: a) modelling of the origin and evolution of its atmosphere, laboratory simulations, modelling of the aerosols and its atmospheric organic chemistry; remote sensing of Titan’s organics; b) the 41

impact of the Cassini-Huygens mission on Titan’s exobiological aspects. The meeting will consist of invited and contributed papers, possibly with poster presentations. F3.5M Origin and Early Evolution of Biological (a) Energy Tmnsduction and Membmnes, and (b) Information and Cata1pi.s Provisional Date: 3 September Sponsor: COSPAR Organizer: H. Baltscheffsky (Sweden) Scientific Editors: H. Baltscheffsky, A. W. Schwartz (The Netherlands) Four fundamental characteristics of living organisms are energy transduction, membranes, molecular information, and catalysis. An understanding of the emergence of the basic parameters of these pivotal properties of life is thus of great importance for a more detailed understanding of how life originated from prebiotic matter. These four distinct, yet partially overlapping, areas of research will be covered with the aim of elucidating, in currently possible detail, their significance for a fuller understanding of the origin and evolution of life on Earth (or elsewhere?). Projected titles of invited papers are: origin and evolution of ion movement through membranes; evolution of the catalysis of energy-rich phosphate formation; evolution of biomembrane formation; how did membranes become involved in energy conversion?; origin and evolution of the first informational molecules; ribonucleic acids in the evolution of catalysis and information; from pre-enzymatic to enzyme catalysis; roles of metals in early enzyme evolution. In addition to invited papers, contributed papers will be included. F3.6-M Carbon Chemistry and Isotopic Fractionation in Astrophysical Environments Provisional Date: 4 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPAR, IAU (Commission 90) ISSOL Organizers & Scientific K. Roessler (Germany), M. Schidlowski (Germany) Editors: The meeting will deal with carbon chemistry in solid bodies in space (planetary and satellite surfaces, asteroids, comets, ring systems, meteorites, interplanetary and interstellar dust and ice grains) with special reference to isotopic fractionations. Observations and laboratory simulations leading to the formation of biomolecule precursors, as well as to dark organic residues, will be covered, including the effects of cosmic and solar radiation. The behaviour of carbon isotopes, and also of deuterium, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in processes of planetary accretion and differentiation, the abiotic fractionation in the potential precursors for biochemistry and the isotopic record in the earliest fossils and sediments are the topics to be addressed at this meeting. Invited and contributed presentations will be included, as well as posters. 42

Sub-Commission

F4 on Natural and Artificial Ecosystems

F4.1 -M Bioqenemtk Applications

Lif

Support Experiments

in Space and

Their

29 August Provisional Date: COSPAR, IAA Proposed Sponsors: Organizers: R. J. Bula (USA), J. I. Gitelson (USSR) R. D. MacElroy (USA) Scientific Editor: Performance of technologies for a bioregenerative life support system will need to be evaluated in space experiments. Opportunities for such space flight experiments will become increasingly available in the next decade. This meeting will discuss results of recent space experiments, plans for future space experiments, and appropriate space flight hardware for such experiments. Papers will also be presented on the utilization of such bioregenerative life support technologies. The topics will be covered by invited and contributed papers. F4.2-M Instrumentation for Conno of Plant Health and Growth Provisional Date: 1 September COSPAR Sponsor: Organizer: J. Sager (USA) Scientific Editor: R. D. MacElroy (USA) The purpose of this meeting is to identify various sensing devices which could be used to evaluate and control plant growth systems. Such devices range in complexity from gas concentration analysis devices to video image software. The system requirements, potentially useful devices and development needs will be discussed. Presentations will comprise invited and contributed papers. F4.3-M CO,-0, Tempemture Interaction in PIant Growth Provisional Date: 1 September Sponsor: COSPAR Organizers: M. Andre (France), B. Bugbee (USA) Scientific Editor: M. Andre Variations in CO, concentration have an impact on artificial as well as natural ecosystems. Whereas high CO, concentrations stimulate photosynthesis, the effects on growth depend on other factors of the environment, like water and nutrient availability. CO, may also have secondary effects on metabolism, development and fruiting. The meeting will cover aspects of interaction between CO, concentration and other environmental parameters, including atmospheric pressure in artificial and natural ecosystems. Emphasis will be on processes dependent on CO, or 0, concentrations. The meeting will consist of invited and contributed papers. 43

F4.4M Methods for CELSS Control Sy&m Development, Pe@iormance and Demonstmtion Provisional Date: 2 September COSPAR, IAA Proposed Sponsors: Organizer: C. C. Blackwell (USA) Scientific Editors: C. C. Blackwell, R. D. MacElroy (USA), J. Sager (USA), B. G. Thompson (Canada) The meeting will focus on methods available and desirable for the synthesis of both the mathematical models of processes relevant to the operation of a CELSS and control systems for a CELSS. Difficulties which may be encountered are to be emphasized, along with recommended strategies to deal with them. Discussions which address the global CELSS control problem (management, automation, and control) will be emphasized. The meeting will be made up of both invited and contributed papers. Expected titles: robust decentralized control of systems characteristic of CELSS; robust adaptive control of systems characteristic of CELSS; the expected morphology of a CELSS management, automation and control system. F4.5M Use of Local Soil Materialsfor Planetary Closed Ecological Lif Support Systems (CELSS) Provisional Date: 2 September COSPAR Sponsor: Organizer: A. Banin (Israel) A. Banin, R. D. MacElroy (USA) Scientific Editors: Research on plant growth in CELSS revolves mostly around using hydroponics or aeroponics, i.e. soil-less cultures. The use of lunar and Martian (local) soil materials for life support systems has a number of advantages as well as limitations. The pros and cons for incorporation of local materials in planetary CELSS will be discussed in invited and contributed papers. Topics: review of CELSS configurations; lunar soils as plant-growth media; Mars soils as plant growth media. F&6-M Globai Bio~ Provisional Date: Proposed Sponsors:

Burning: Impact on Eeoq~rn Behaviour and Climate 3 September COSPAR, IAA, NASA, US Environmental Protection Agency, US Forest Service J. S. Levine (USA) Organizer: M. Averner (USA), J. S. Levine Scientific Editors: Recent research has shown that global biomass burning is a major contributor to atmospheric trace gases, including the major greenhouse gases. This meeting, including both invited and contributed papers, will examine recent estimates of the contribution of biomass burning to the global balance of atmospheric greenhouse gases and the impact of this source on global climate. The meeting will

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assess measurements of gaseous and particulate emissions from biomass burning in diverse ecosystems and the remote sensing from space of burning. The global and regional impacts of the Kuwaiti oil fires will also be assessed. F4.7-M Control of Microorganisms in Plant Growth Systems Provisional Date: 4 September COSPAR Sponsor: Organizer: T. W. Tibbits (USA) Scientific Editor: R. D. MacElroy (USA) Microorganisms, ranging across viruses, fungi, bacteria and algae, will be present in the CELSS plant growth systems in space. Discussions at this meeting will centre on population diversity and density along with proposals for controlling phytotoxic organisms. Particular emphasis will be on species and concentrations of beneficial organisms that have suppressive activity and keep phytotoxic organisms within acceptable concentrations. F4.8-M Dietary Considerations for Bioregenemtive Life Support Systems

Provisional Date: 4 September COSPAR Sponsor: Organizer & Scientific C. A. Mitchell (USA) Editor: This meeting will cover the salient issues pertaining to human dietary considerations in bioregenerative life support systems for space. The programme will include challenges of providing a balanced, nutritious and palatable vegetarian diet using few plant species; issues pertaining to changes in human nutritional requirements in space; risks pertaining to a monotonous vegetarian diet; challenges of food processing and diet formulation with limited energy and resource inputs; conversion of non-edible human biomass into edible biomass; bioavailability of certain mineral nutrients in vegetarian diets; sensory acceptability of low-variety, monotonous, vegetarian diets.

COSPAR COMMISSION G ON MATERIALS

SCIENCES IN SPACE

G. 1 -S Micmgmvity Research: Materials and Fluid Sciences Provisional Dates: 3 1 August-4 September COSPAR, ESA, Intercosmos, NASA, NASDA Proposed Sponsors: Organizers: M. E. Glicksman (USA), V. A. Tatarchenko (USSR), H. U. Walter (ESA) Scientific Editors: M. E. Glicksman, E. Kaldis (Switzerland), V. A. Tatarchenko, H. U. Walter This symposium will focus on scientific progress in gravity-dependent phenomena in fluids, materials bioprocessing, accomplished on spaceflights, 45

parabolic aircraft flights, drop facilities and centrifuges, through traditional ground-based experiments and theory. Special emphasis will be given to the scientific results derived from IML 1 and other recent orbital flights. The following scientific themes will be highlighted: combustion; crystal growth from melt, solution and vapour; diagnostics of microgravity parameters; diffusion and other thermophysical processes; fluid physics; glass transitions and amorphous materials; interfacial effects; macromolecular crystals; multiphase phenomena in fluids and solids; phase separation dynamics; solidification processes; thermophysical property measurements; and, transport phenomena in gravity fields. Topics for the sessions will be: 1) IML 1 scientific results; 2) other spaceflight results; 3) Earth-based low-g scientific results (KC-135 flight, drop towers/tubes, etc.); 4) commercial space R & D (CCDSs, MITI, Glavkosmos, etc.); 5) ground-based microgravity science experiments; 6) microgravity theory and numerical simulations; 7) updates on science experiments currently manifested on SL-J, D-2, EURECA, USMP, etc.; 8) long-range national and international programme planning in microgravity science and applications (invitation only); 9) panel discussion and forum on microgravity science planning and international cooperation on flight platforms/hardware (invitation only). Invited papers will be presented at all nine sessions, and contributed papers will be included.

COSPAR TECHNICAL

PANEL ON SATELLITE

DYNAMICS

P. 1-M Dynamics of Satellites and Probes Provisional Dates: l-2 September Proposed Sponsors: COSPARIAF Organizer & Scientific J. B. Zielinski (Poland) Editor: The modelling, determination and analysis of orbits is applied for the study of Earth, planets and the environment. New missions aimed at the investigation of the solar system require precise prediction and determination of the trajectories of interplanetary probes. Theoretical, numerical and technical problems of precise orbit determination are the subject of this meeting that will be made up of the following sessions: a) analysis of the Earth satellites’ orbits for geodesy and geodynamics; b) surface force effects in orbit and position determination; c) latest developments in orbital calculation; d) satellite and probe mission design in view of imposed scientific requirements. Both invited and contributed papers will be included, the latter for oral or poster presentation.

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PANEL ON POTENTIALLY COSPAR DETRIMENTAL ACTIVITIES IN SPACE

ENVIRONMENTALLY

P.2-M Chemical Pollution of the Atmosphere Provisional Date: 2 September IAA, COSPAR Proposed Sponsors: Organizers: S. Bauer (Austria), K. B. Serafimov (Bulgaria) Scientific Editor: TBD The meeting will be devoted to pollution and modification aspects of the stratosphere, mesosphere and ionosphere caused by air breathing and other space vehicles and by chemical release experiments in space.

COSPAR PANEL ON TECHNICAL SCIENTIFIC BALLOONING

PROBLEMS

RELATED

TO

P.3-M Scientific Ballooning Provisional Dates: 29-30 August COSPAR Sponsor: Organizers: W. Riedler (Austria), J. Nishimura (Japan) Scientific Editors: W. Riedler, K. M. Torkar (Austria) The meeting will cover both the technological problems of scientific ballooning, such as the development of balloon systems, instrumentation and materials, and applications in the fields of astrophysics, astronomy, magnetospheric physics, aurora1 zone phenomena and atmospheric chemistry, including the results and problems of long-duration flights and super-pressure balloons. The scientific and technological aspects of balloon investigations on other planets will also be covered. The meeting will be divided into 5 sessions, each starting with invited talks, followed by contributed papers on: 1) balloon design and new materials; 2) balloon programmes; 3) long duration flights, including Arctic and Antarctic flights; 4) recent scientific observations; 5) balloons on other planets. 1-M Concepts of Small Scientific Satkdlites Provisional Dates: l-2 September Proposed Sponsors: IAA, COSPAR Organizers: A. Valenzuela (Germany), R. B. Torbert (USA) Scientific Editor: P. Molette (France) The meeting will contain presentations of new concepts of scientific satellite missions and of actually executed programmes. Emphasis will be given to lowcost approaches, to new engineering solutions and to new ways of quality control and cost-efficient project management.

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