- Email: [email protected]
Determination of drying characteristics of biomass residues to be used as a renewable fuel
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 208 (2015) S5–S120
Brain tumor detection and volume estimation via MR imaging Cansel Ogretmenoglu 1,∗ , Osman Erogul 2 , Ziya Telatar 1 , Emine Rumeysa Guler 1 , Fahri Yildirim 1
S15
and decreasing the rotation speed of the screw, the drying rate is increased. Finally, it could be concluded that the dried biomass residue can be used as a solid fuel with a moisture content of about 10% in direct combustion to produce thermal energy, and in gasifying processes to produce syngas.
1
Departmant of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Ogretmenoglu). Processing of MRI images is one of the challenging fields for detection of brain tumors. Brain tumors are created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division in the brain. If the growing rate of tumor size exceeds 50%, then the patient might not be recovered. Therefore, the detection of the brain tumor in early stages needs fast and accurate ways to assist physician for evaluation. In this work, three segmentation approaches are presented to detect and to show the tumor region, namely threshold, watershed and active contour methods. In this study, DICOM image files of patients obtained from MRI are used and our algorithms are applied to all slices including tumors of two patients. First, tumors are contoured and calculated by an expert physician as 19.81 cm3 for patient-1 and 16.75 cm3 for patient-2. Second, the same tumors are contoured and calculated by using our three methods as 17.54 cm3 , 22.78 cm3 and 18.97 cm3 respectively for patient-1 and 15.45 cm3 , 18.94 cm3 and 16.75 cm3 respectively for patient-2. The results obtained from the experiments clearly showed that the region of the tumor which is detected by the threshold segmentation and the active contour methods match with the results of the physician. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.033 Determination of drying characteristics of biomass residues to be used as a renewable fuel Awf Al Kassir 1 , Talal Yusaf 2,∗ , Raúl Kassir Al Karany 3 , Ihsan Hamawand 2
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.034 Numerical and experimental study of microorganism disruption using shock treatment Talal Yusaf ∗ , Raed A. Al Juboori Faculty of Health Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350 Toowoomba, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Yusaf). The use of shock waves to destroy microorganisms is considered one of the newly developed methods in the field of cell disruption. This simulation part of this research work aims to determine the required shock pressure to disrupt a single yeast cell and the rupture location on the cell wall. As a step towards understanding the physical response of the microorganisms to dynamic pressure and shock treatments a Finite Element (FE) model has been developed using commercial software ABAQUS. Von Mises theory of failure is adopted in this work and the properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) reported in the literature were used in the numerical and experimental work. The simulation results demonstrate that maximum dynamic v/Pe (0.85) was found to be over three times that of the static v/Pe (0.25) values. This suggests a location of the rupture within the cell wall when shock pressure loading is applied; such a result has not been previously reported in current literatures. In the experimental work, a gas gun tunnel was used to generate 100–400 MPa external pressure loading on a yeast suspension. The experimental results showed that the maximum yeast reduction of 95.7% resulted when a 336 Mpa pressure rise was applied. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.035
1
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain 2 National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, Australia 3 Department of Graphic Expression Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Yusaf). In the present work, a study of the thermal drying process of biomass residues has been developed. The residues used were woodchips which have been dried in a thermal cylindrical dryer designed according to these types of residues. An experimental facility has been built in order to measure the temperature inside the dryer. The raw material was characterized by elemental and proximate analyses as well as by Higher Heating Value. Hot gases and air were used as drying medium using different flow rates. The experiments were carried out at various drying medium temperatures. The rotation speed of the dryer screw was varied for each experiment. The biomass residue was fed to a dryer and dried many times in the same drying conditions in order to determine the reduction of moisture content and temperature variation of the residue along the time. The variation of moisture content and drying temperature are determined under different drying conditions. It was found that by increasing drying medium flow rate
A step towards the development of an economic sustainable technology for poly (-hydroxybutyrate): A Green Plastic Swati Misra ∗ , Ashok Kumar Srivastava Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Misra). An indiscriminate utilization of fossil fuels and petrochemical based plastics has shown a deleterious impact on the environment. Realizing this, poly (-hydroxybutyrates) (PHB), polyester, naturally accumulated by bacteria as intracellular granules in response to unfavorable growth conditions was explored. It is biodegradable, biocompatible and has physical properties similar to conventional plastics. At present, high costs of bio-based polymers (8–10 times) shifted focus towards cost reduction by developing better bacterial strains, an efficient fermentation and recovery strategy, use of renewable resources. In order to develop a cost-effective sustainable process for PHB production, using cheese whey (lactose, 4.92%, w/v); the organism must efficiently utilize higher synthetic lactose so as to yield higher %PHB content per cell dry weight. In the present study, B. megaterium (adapted strain) developed
Brain tumor detection and volume estimation via MR imaging Cansel Ogretmenoglu 1,∗ , Osman Erogul 2 , Ziya Telatar 1 , Emine Rumeysa Guler 1 , Fahri Yildirim 1
S15
and decreasing the rotation speed of the screw, the drying rate is increased. Finally, it could be concluded that the dried biomass residue can be used as a solid fuel with a moisture content of about 10% in direct combustion to produce thermal energy, and in gasifying processes to produce syngas.
1
Departmant of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (C. Ogretmenoglu). Processing of MRI images is one of the challenging fields for detection of brain tumors. Brain tumors are created by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division in the brain. If the growing rate of tumor size exceeds 50%, then the patient might not be recovered. Therefore, the detection of the brain tumor in early stages needs fast and accurate ways to assist physician for evaluation. In this work, three segmentation approaches are presented to detect and to show the tumor region, namely threshold, watershed and active contour methods. In this study, DICOM image files of patients obtained from MRI are used and our algorithms are applied to all slices including tumors of two patients. First, tumors are contoured and calculated by an expert physician as 19.81 cm3 for patient-1 and 16.75 cm3 for patient-2. Second, the same tumors are contoured and calculated by using our three methods as 17.54 cm3 , 22.78 cm3 and 18.97 cm3 respectively for patient-1 and 15.45 cm3 , 18.94 cm3 and 16.75 cm3 respectively for patient-2. The results obtained from the experiments clearly showed that the region of the tumor which is detected by the threshold segmentation and the active contour methods match with the results of the physician. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.033 Determination of drying characteristics of biomass residues to be used as a renewable fuel Awf Al Kassir 1 , Talal Yusaf 2,∗ , Raúl Kassir Al Karany 3 , Ihsan Hamawand 2
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.034 Numerical and experimental study of microorganism disruption using shock treatment Talal Yusaf ∗ , Raed A. Al Juboori Faculty of Health Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350 Toowoomba, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Yusaf). The use of shock waves to destroy microorganisms is considered one of the newly developed methods in the field of cell disruption. This simulation part of this research work aims to determine the required shock pressure to disrupt a single yeast cell and the rupture location on the cell wall. As a step towards understanding the physical response of the microorganisms to dynamic pressure and shock treatments a Finite Element (FE) model has been developed using commercial software ABAQUS. Von Mises theory of failure is adopted in this work and the properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) reported in the literature were used in the numerical and experimental work. The simulation results demonstrate that maximum dynamic v/Pe (0.85) was found to be over three times that of the static v/Pe (0.25) values. This suggests a location of the rupture within the cell wall when shock pressure loading is applied; such a result has not been previously reported in current literatures. In the experimental work, a gas gun tunnel was used to generate 100–400 MPa external pressure loading on a yeast suspension. The experimental results showed that the maximum yeast reduction of 95.7% resulted when a 336 Mpa pressure rise was applied. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.035
1
Department of Mechanical, Energy and Materials Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda. Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain 2 National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture, University of Southern Queensland, QLD, Australia 3 Department of Graphic Expression Engineering, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain E-mail address: [email protected] (T. Yusaf). In the present work, a study of the thermal drying process of biomass residues has been developed. The residues used were woodchips which have been dried in a thermal cylindrical dryer designed according to these types of residues. An experimental facility has been built in order to measure the temperature inside the dryer. The raw material was characterized by elemental and proximate analyses as well as by Higher Heating Value. Hot gases and air were used as drying medium using different flow rates. The experiments were carried out at various drying medium temperatures. The rotation speed of the dryer screw was varied for each experiment. The biomass residue was fed to a dryer and dried many times in the same drying conditions in order to determine the reduction of moisture content and temperature variation of the residue along the time. The variation of moisture content and drying temperature are determined under different drying conditions. It was found that by increasing drying medium flow rate
A step towards the development of an economic sustainable technology for poly (-hydroxybutyrate): A Green Plastic Swati Misra ∗ , Ashok Kumar Srivastava Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Misra). An indiscriminate utilization of fossil fuels and petrochemical based plastics has shown a deleterious impact on the environment. Realizing this, poly (-hydroxybutyrates) (PHB), polyester, naturally accumulated by bacteria as intracellular granules in response to unfavorable growth conditions was explored. It is biodegradable, biocompatible and has physical properties similar to conventional plastics. At present, high costs of bio-based polymers (8–10 times) shifted focus towards cost reduction by developing better bacterial strains, an efficient fermentation and recovery strategy, use of renewable resources. In order to develop a cost-effective sustainable process for PHB production, using cheese whey (lactose, 4.92%, w/v); the organism must efficiently utilize higher synthetic lactose so as to yield higher %PHB content per cell dry weight. In the present study, B. megaterium (adapted strain) developed