- Email: [email protected]
Determination of genotoxic effects of boron in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by comet assay
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Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 161S (2012) 19–48
Determination of genotoxic effects of boron in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by comet assay
Evaluation of Turkish eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) breeding materials for androgenesis response
Ezgi Cabuk Sahin ∗ , Nilufer Akgul, Seren Dayi, Isil Ismailoglu, Filiz Vardar, Nagihan Gulsoy, Yildiz Aydin
Kevser Esra Ozdemir ∗ , Nalan Alan, Fatma Nur Kaplan, Ali Ramazan Alan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Scienceand Art, Marmara University, Kadikoy, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
Pamukkale University, Plant Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Application and Research Center (BIYOM), Kinikli, Denizli 20070, Turkey
E-mail address: [email protected] (E.C. Sahin). Boron is an essential element for most crops. In wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) boron requirements are generally low; only a few ppm of soil boron may interrupt plant growth and development and, consequently, affect yield. We used the comet assay to determine the genotoxicity potential of boric acid and borax at different concentrations and exposure times in wheat. The two week old wheats were treated with negative control (distilled water), positive control (0.1% H2 O2 ) and different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 ppm) of boric acid and borax for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. After comet assay procedure, the percentage of total DNA in the tail and Olive tail moment were used as a parameter for data analyzing by boric acid and borax induced DNA damage in wheat nuclei. The results of DNA% tail showed that levels of DNA damage at all time and doses of borax and boric acid application groups increased significantly when compared with negative control group. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.149
In vitro propagation and preservation of important grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and rootstocks Fevziye Celebi-Toprak ∗ , Fatma Kayhan Pamukkale University, Plant Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Application and Research Center (BIYOM), Kinikli, Denizli 20070, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Celebi-Toprak). In vitro tissue culture technologies can allow fast and reliable propagation of important grape cultivars and their long-term preservation. In vitro cultures were established from 18 grape and 4 rootstock accessions by culturing the 1 cm long shoot tips from newly emerging shoots on MS medium with 30 g/l sucrose. Cultures were grown in a growth chamber adjusted to 16 h ligth/25 ◦ C and 8 h dark/17 ◦ C. Initial cultures were established by culturing 10 surface sterilized shoot tip explants from each grape accession. All explants developed roots and grew to about 10 cm in lentgh after 2 moths of culture. Shoot explants from these in vitro stocks were subcultured in about every 2–3 months for 1 year with no problems. This technology is an excellent choice for a long-term conservation of grape germplasm, which allows access to actively growing plant materials without seasonal restriction. Such cultures are excellent sources for cryopreservation and for production of disease-free propagation material. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.150
E-mail address: [email protected] (K.E. Ozdemir). It may take many years and generations of sexual crosses to produce inbred eggplant lines by classical breeding. Eggplant breeding programs can benefit from doubled haploid (DH) production technology through androgenesis for obtaining pure lines homozygous for all traits in a short period of time. We examined androgenic responses of 20 open pollinated standard and breeding eggplant lines using various published androgenesis induction protocols. Cultures were established using 64 anthers from each line. Anthers from five breeding lines provided androgenic calli on MS induction medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin and 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-d provided androgenic calli. However, plant regeneration was accomplished from only one line, which provided 15 plants (∼23%). Cultures initiated using other induction protocols did not provide any androgenic plants. Our results show that another culture-based androgenesis induction system needs to be further optimized for Turkish eggplant germplasm before it can be successfully incorporated into breeding programs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.151
The effects of proline under salt (NaCl) conditions on regeneration capacity in durum wheat (Triticum durum desf.) genotypes Ragbet Ezgi Duran ∗ , Cigdem Savaskan Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (R.E. Duran). Regeneration capacity of four durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf. cvs. ‘Kunduru 1149’, ‘Kızıltan 91’, ‘Mirzabey 2000’, ‘C¸ 1252’) in media containing various NaCl concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mM) and NaCl + proline (2 mg/l) have been investigated in this study. Donor plants were grown in the plant growth chamber. Anthers containing microspores at the mid to late uninucleate stage were inoculated in the induction medium for callus production. When the size of the calli reached about 2 mm, they were transferred to the regeneration medium. NaCl decreased the regeneration capacity of all genotypes gradually. However, amount of total regeneration and green regenerants increased by various percentages in which NaCl presented with proline medium. ‘Kızıltan-91’ showed the highest regeneration and green regenerant capacity of four genotypes while ‘Kunduru 1149’ cultivar showed the lowest green regenerant capacity with 12.50% (P < 0.05). It can be said that proline is more effective in improving necrosis caused by NaCl in ‘Kızıltan 91’ and ‘Mirzabey 2000’ cultivars. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.152
Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 161S (2012) 19–48
Determination of genotoxic effects of boron in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by comet assay
Evaluation of Turkish eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) breeding materials for androgenesis response
Ezgi Cabuk Sahin ∗ , Nilufer Akgul, Seren Dayi, Isil Ismailoglu, Filiz Vardar, Nagihan Gulsoy, Yildiz Aydin
Kevser Esra Ozdemir ∗ , Nalan Alan, Fatma Nur Kaplan, Ali Ramazan Alan
Department of Biology, Faculty of Scienceand Art, Marmara University, Kadikoy, Istanbul 34722, Turkey
Pamukkale University, Plant Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Application and Research Center (BIYOM), Kinikli, Denizli 20070, Turkey
E-mail address: [email protected] (E.C. Sahin). Boron is an essential element for most crops. In wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) boron requirements are generally low; only a few ppm of soil boron may interrupt plant growth and development and, consequently, affect yield. We used the comet assay to determine the genotoxicity potential of boric acid and borax at different concentrations and exposure times in wheat. The two week old wheats were treated with negative control (distilled water), positive control (0.1% H2 O2 ) and different concentrations (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 ppm) of boric acid and borax for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. After comet assay procedure, the percentage of total DNA in the tail and Olive tail moment were used as a parameter for data analyzing by boric acid and borax induced DNA damage in wheat nuclei. The results of DNA% tail showed that levels of DNA damage at all time and doses of borax and boric acid application groups increased significantly when compared with negative control group. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.149
In vitro propagation and preservation of important grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) and rootstocks Fevziye Celebi-Toprak ∗ , Fatma Kayhan Pamukkale University, Plant Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Application and Research Center (BIYOM), Kinikli, Denizli 20070, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Celebi-Toprak). In vitro tissue culture technologies can allow fast and reliable propagation of important grape cultivars and their long-term preservation. In vitro cultures were established from 18 grape and 4 rootstock accessions by culturing the 1 cm long shoot tips from newly emerging shoots on MS medium with 30 g/l sucrose. Cultures were grown in a growth chamber adjusted to 16 h ligth/25 ◦ C and 8 h dark/17 ◦ C. Initial cultures were established by culturing 10 surface sterilized shoot tip explants from each grape accession. All explants developed roots and grew to about 10 cm in lentgh after 2 moths of culture. Shoot explants from these in vitro stocks were subcultured in about every 2–3 months for 1 year with no problems. This technology is an excellent choice for a long-term conservation of grape germplasm, which allows access to actively growing plant materials without seasonal restriction. Such cultures are excellent sources for cryopreservation and for production of disease-free propagation material. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.150
E-mail address: [email protected] (K.E. Ozdemir). It may take many years and generations of sexual crosses to produce inbred eggplant lines by classical breeding. Eggplant breeding programs can benefit from doubled haploid (DH) production technology through androgenesis for obtaining pure lines homozygous for all traits in a short period of time. We examined androgenic responses of 20 open pollinated standard and breeding eggplant lines using various published androgenesis induction protocols. Cultures were established using 64 anthers from each line. Anthers from five breeding lines provided androgenic calli on MS induction medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l−1 kinetin and 0.1 mg l−1 2,4-d provided androgenic calli. However, plant regeneration was accomplished from only one line, which provided 15 plants (∼23%). Cultures initiated using other induction protocols did not provide any androgenic plants. Our results show that another culture-based androgenesis induction system needs to be further optimized for Turkish eggplant germplasm before it can be successfully incorporated into breeding programs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.151
The effects of proline under salt (NaCl) conditions on regeneration capacity in durum wheat (Triticum durum desf.) genotypes Ragbet Ezgi Duran ∗ , Cigdem Savaskan Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey E-mail address: [email protected] (R.E. Duran). Regeneration capacity of four durum wheat genotypes (Triticum durum Desf. cvs. ‘Kunduru 1149’, ‘Kızıltan 91’, ‘Mirzabey 2000’, ‘C¸ 1252’) in media containing various NaCl concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mM) and NaCl + proline (2 mg/l) have been investigated in this study. Donor plants were grown in the plant growth chamber. Anthers containing microspores at the mid to late uninucleate stage were inoculated in the induction medium for callus production. When the size of the calli reached about 2 mm, they were transferred to the regeneration medium. NaCl decreased the regeneration capacity of all genotypes gradually. However, amount of total regeneration and green regenerants increased by various percentages in which NaCl presented with proline medium. ‘Kızıltan-91’ showed the highest regeneration and green regenerant capacity of four genotypes while ‘Kunduru 1149’ cultivar showed the lowest green regenerant capacity with 12.50% (P < 0.05). It can be said that proline is more effective in improving necrosis caused by NaCl in ‘Kızıltan 91’ and ‘Mirzabey 2000’ cultivars. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.152