- Email: [email protected]
Developing the next generation of vaccinologists
Vaccine 29 (2011) 9296–9297
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine
Letter to the Editor Developing the next generation of vaccinologists夽 To the Editor, Thank you for your editorial in the December 6, 2010 issue titled “Developing the Next Generation of Vaccinologists” [1]. While we support your call for expanded formal vaccinology training, we also wish to point out that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Immunization Safety Office (ISO) currently has two programs focused on mentoring and training in vaccine safety. The oldest training opportunity is an ISO position within CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program (http://www. cdc.gov/eis/index.html). EIS is a 2-year post-graduate training program of service and on-the-job learning for health professionals that provides “hands-on” practical training in epidemiology and public health [2,3]. Over the past 15 years, 11 EIS Officers have received training in immunization safety through assignments with ISO. A newer training opportunity, the “Vaccine Safety Fellowship” is a 2-year training program that was established by ISO in 2004 to support additional training of experts specifically in vaccine safety. The training is provided by mentors from two CDC-supported programs: the Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Network and the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) project. The CISA Network, comprised of 6 academic centers working in close collaboration with the CDC, strives to understand the pathophysiology of vaccine adverse events at the individual level [4] (http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Activities/CISA.html). The VSD is a collaboration of investigators from 10 managed care organization working with the CDC, to monitor the safety of vaccines for over 9 million people [5] (http://www.cdc.gov/ vaccinesafety/Activities/vsd.html). The Vaccine Safety Fellow is geographically based at a CISA or VSD site, with the site changing with each new fellow. The “Vaccine Safety Fellowship” is designed to carry out vaccine safety-related studies, perform individual clinical case consults relating to vaccine adverse events and receive formal training in all aspects of vaccinology. A core element of the fellowship is that the fellow actively participates in a wide range of ISO’s CISA and VSD vaccine-safety projects. To date, there have been three Vaccine Safety Fellows and all former fellows have made and continue to make significant contributions to the field of vaccine safety (Refs. [6–14] summarize the publications and ongoing investigations which have resulted from the fellowship). In summary, while we could not agree more with the global need for increased formal training in vaccinology, both the EIS assign-
夽 The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions or views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 0264-410X/$ – see front matter © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.017
ments in ISO and the “Vaccine Safety Fellowship” provide avenues by which people can be trained in the field of vaccinology and vaccine safety in the United States. Best regards, References [1] Poland GA, Levine MM, Clemens JD. Developing the next generation of vaccinologists. Vaccine 2010;28(December (52)):8227–8. [2] Thacker SB, Dannenberg AL, Hamilton DH. Epidemic intelligence service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 50 years of training and service in applied epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154(December (11)):985–92. [3] Langmuir AD, Andrews JM. Biological warfare defense. 2. The Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Communicable Disease Center. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1952;42(March (3)):235–8. [4] LaRussa PS, Edwards KM, Dekker CL, Klein NP, Halsey NA, Marchant C, et al. Understanding the role of human variation in vaccine adverse events: The Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Network. Pediatrics 2011;127(Suppl. 1):S65–73. [5] Baggs J, Gee J, Lewis E, Fowler G, Benson P, Lieu T, et al. The Vaccine Safety Datalink: a model for monitoring immunization safety. Pediatrics 2011;127(Suppl. 1):S45–53. [6] Klein NP, Fireman B, Enright A, Ray P, Black S, Dekker CL. A role for genetics in the immune response to the varicella vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26(April (4)):300–5. [7] Klein NP, Massolo ML, Greene J, Dekker CL, Black S, Escobar GJ. Risk factors for developing apnea after immunization in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2008;121(March (3)):463–9. [8] Klein NP, Kissner J, Aguirre A, Sparks R, Campbell S, Edwards KM, et al. Differential maternal responses to a newly developed vaccine information pamphlet. Vaccine 2009;28(December (2)):323–8. [9] Klein NP, Edwards KM, Sparks R, Dekker CL, Network TCISAC. Recurrent sterile abscesses following immunization: a possible association with aluminum adjuvant. BMJ Case Reports; doi:10.1136/bcr.09.2008.0951. [10] Klein NP, Gans HA, Sung P, Yasukawa LL, Johnson J, Sarafanov A, et al. Preterm infants’ T cell responses to inactivated poliovirus vaccine. J Infect Dis 2010;201(January (2)):214–22. [11] Qiang Y, Krishnan C, Kerr DA, Setse RW, Quigg ME, Halsey NA, et al. Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis: comparison of patients with vs. without receipt of a vaccine within 30 days prior to onset. In: 24th international conference for phamacoepidemiology and therapeutic risk management of the international society of pharmacoepidemiology. 2008. [12] Pahud BA, Glaser CA, Dekker CL, Arvin AM, Schmid DS. Varicella zoster disease of the central nervous system: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features 10 years after the introduction of the varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis 2011;203(February (3)):316–23. [13] Pahud BA, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Glaser C, Gavali S, Salibay CJ, Fireman B, et al. A case-centered approach to investigate the association between immunization and pediatric encephalitis in California. In: The 47th annual meeting of the infectious diseases society of America. 2009. [14] Pahud B, Dekker C, Halsey N, LaRussa P, Baxter R, Klein N, et al. Clinical assessment of serious adverse events following 2009 H1N1 vaccination in children. In: The 48th annual meeting of the infectious diseases society of America. 2010.
Nicola P. Klein ∗ Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, United States Jane Gidudu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States Yandong Qiang
Letter to the Editor / Vaccine 29 (2011) 9296–9297
Center for Biologics Evaluation & Review, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States Barbara Pahud Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States Ali Rowhani-Rahbar Roger Baxter Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, United States Cornelia L. Dekker Stanford-LPCH Vaccine Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Kathryn M. Edwards Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States Neal A. Halsey Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
9297
Philip LaRussa Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States Colin Marchant Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States Jerome I. Tokars Frank DeStefano Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States ∗ Corresponding
author. Tel.: +1 510 267 7534; fax: +1 510 267 7524. E-mail address: [email protected] (N.P. Klein) 28 March 2011 Available online 19 April 2011
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Vaccine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vaccine
Letter to the Editor Developing the next generation of vaccinologists夽 To the Editor, Thank you for your editorial in the December 6, 2010 issue titled “Developing the Next Generation of Vaccinologists” [1]. While we support your call for expanded formal vaccinology training, we also wish to point out that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Immunization Safety Office (ISO) currently has two programs focused on mentoring and training in vaccine safety. The oldest training opportunity is an ISO position within CDC’s Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) program (http://www. cdc.gov/eis/index.html). EIS is a 2-year post-graduate training program of service and on-the-job learning for health professionals that provides “hands-on” practical training in epidemiology and public health [2,3]. Over the past 15 years, 11 EIS Officers have received training in immunization safety through assignments with ISO. A newer training opportunity, the “Vaccine Safety Fellowship” is a 2-year training program that was established by ISO in 2004 to support additional training of experts specifically in vaccine safety. The training is provided by mentors from two CDC-supported programs: the Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Network and the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) project. The CISA Network, comprised of 6 academic centers working in close collaboration with the CDC, strives to understand the pathophysiology of vaccine adverse events at the individual level [4] (http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Activities/CISA.html). The VSD is a collaboration of investigators from 10 managed care organization working with the CDC, to monitor the safety of vaccines for over 9 million people [5] (http://www.cdc.gov/ vaccinesafety/Activities/vsd.html). The Vaccine Safety Fellow is geographically based at a CISA or VSD site, with the site changing with each new fellow. The “Vaccine Safety Fellowship” is designed to carry out vaccine safety-related studies, perform individual clinical case consults relating to vaccine adverse events and receive formal training in all aspects of vaccinology. A core element of the fellowship is that the fellow actively participates in a wide range of ISO’s CISA and VSD vaccine-safety projects. To date, there have been three Vaccine Safety Fellows and all former fellows have made and continue to make significant contributions to the field of vaccine safety (Refs. [6–14] summarize the publications and ongoing investigations which have resulted from the fellowship). In summary, while we could not agree more with the global need for increased formal training in vaccinology, both the EIS assign-
夽 The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official positions or views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 0264-410X/$ – see front matter © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.017
ments in ISO and the “Vaccine Safety Fellowship” provide avenues by which people can be trained in the field of vaccinology and vaccine safety in the United States. Best regards, References [1] Poland GA, Levine MM, Clemens JD. Developing the next generation of vaccinologists. Vaccine 2010;28(December (52)):8227–8. [2] Thacker SB, Dannenberg AL, Hamilton DH. Epidemic intelligence service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 50 years of training and service in applied epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2001;154(December (11)):985–92. [3] Langmuir AD, Andrews JM. Biological warfare defense. 2. The Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Communicable Disease Center. Am J Public Health Nations Health 1952;42(March (3)):235–8. [4] LaRussa PS, Edwards KM, Dekker CL, Klein NP, Halsey NA, Marchant C, et al. Understanding the role of human variation in vaccine adverse events: The Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) Network. Pediatrics 2011;127(Suppl. 1):S65–73. [5] Baggs J, Gee J, Lewis E, Fowler G, Benson P, Lieu T, et al. The Vaccine Safety Datalink: a model for monitoring immunization safety. Pediatrics 2011;127(Suppl. 1):S45–53. [6] Klein NP, Fireman B, Enright A, Ray P, Black S, Dekker CL. A role for genetics in the immune response to the varicella vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2007;26(April (4)):300–5. [7] Klein NP, Massolo ML, Greene J, Dekker CL, Black S, Escobar GJ. Risk factors for developing apnea after immunization in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatrics 2008;121(March (3)):463–9. [8] Klein NP, Kissner J, Aguirre A, Sparks R, Campbell S, Edwards KM, et al. Differential maternal responses to a newly developed vaccine information pamphlet. Vaccine 2009;28(December (2)):323–8. [9] Klein NP, Edwards KM, Sparks R, Dekker CL, Network TCISAC. Recurrent sterile abscesses following immunization: a possible association with aluminum adjuvant. BMJ Case Reports; doi:10.1136/bcr.09.2008.0951. [10] Klein NP, Gans HA, Sung P, Yasukawa LL, Johnson J, Sarafanov A, et al. Preterm infants’ T cell responses to inactivated poliovirus vaccine. J Infect Dis 2010;201(January (2)):214–22. [11] Qiang Y, Krishnan C, Kerr DA, Setse RW, Quigg ME, Halsey NA, et al. Idiopathic acute transverse myelitis: comparison of patients with vs. without receipt of a vaccine within 30 days prior to onset. In: 24th international conference for phamacoepidemiology and therapeutic risk management of the international society of pharmacoepidemiology. 2008. [12] Pahud BA, Glaser CA, Dekker CL, Arvin AM, Schmid DS. Varicella zoster disease of the central nervous system: epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features 10 years after the introduction of the varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis 2011;203(February (3)):316–23. [13] Pahud BA, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Glaser C, Gavali S, Salibay CJ, Fireman B, et al. A case-centered approach to investigate the association between immunization and pediatric encephalitis in California. In: The 47th annual meeting of the infectious diseases society of America. 2009. [14] Pahud B, Dekker C, Halsey N, LaRussa P, Baxter R, Klein N, et al. Clinical assessment of serious adverse events following 2009 H1N1 vaccination in children. In: The 48th annual meeting of the infectious diseases society of America. 2010.
Nicola P. Klein ∗ Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, United States Jane Gidudu Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States Yandong Qiang
Letter to the Editor / Vaccine 29 (2011) 9296–9297
Center for Biologics Evaluation & Review, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, United States Barbara Pahud Children’s Mercy Hospital and Clinics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States Ali Rowhani-Rahbar Roger Baxter Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, United States Cornelia L. Dekker Stanford-LPCH Vaccine Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Kathryn M. Edwards Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States Neal A. Halsey Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
9297
Philip LaRussa Columbia University, College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, United States Colin Marchant Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States Jerome I. Tokars Frank DeStefano Immunization Safety Office, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States ∗ Corresponding
author. Tel.: +1 510 267 7534; fax: +1 510 267 7524. E-mail address: [email protected] (N.P. Klein) 28 March 2011 Available online 19 April 2011