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DIAD — a second generation drafting system
T h e design o f a c o m p l e x b u i l d i n g using an i n t e g r a t e d C A D system E M Jones (Oxford Regional Health Authority, UK) A systematic approach is essential in the design of complex buildings. Oxford Regional Health Authority have developed an integrated building and CAD system. The building system consists of pre-determined building and engineering elements with the CAD system providing power assisted assembly, evaluation and documentation. The systems enable a range of building concepts to be explored, facilitating a directed search towards a single best-fit solution. Obsolescence of computer hardware and movement of skilled CAD staff can be a problem with buildings such as hospitals with long design and construction timescales. Benefits however, in addition to cost reductions, are the problem being better understood and solutions being greatly simplified.
Malcolm Jones joined Oxford Regional Health Authority in 1970 and was Regional Architect from 1974 to 1981. During this time he was responsible for the introduction and development of the integrated CAD system OXSYS.
DRAFT: a problem oriented language system for architectural drafting and design N D Huebner and A Mirante (Sh/dmore, Owings and Merrill, Chicago, USA) Recent trends in the development of automated drafting systems have been directed toward the solution of the generalized drafting problem. Typically, these systems have been built around specialized drafting workstations connected to dedicated computing hardware. This paper describes a different approach using a problem oriented language system, called DRAFT, specifically tailored to architectural drafting and design. DRAFT is designed to run in a diverse interactive computing environment, using both graphic and non-graphic workstations. This environment allows DRAFT to be integrated into a grout of PaL systems which address a wide range of architectural problems.
CAD/CAM
CAMPS - Computer-aided manufacturing for punching-press and shearing M Furukawa (Asahihawa Technical College,
Japan) Y Kakazu and N Okino (Hohhaido Univer-
developed. As a result, it becomes possible to construct an integrated punching-press and shearing CAM system for sheet metal production. Masashi Furukawa is an associate professor at Asahikawa Technical College in Japan. His interests involve optimization problems in industry, and design and applications of CAD/CAM systems. He also works as a staff member of the TIPS working group and he is implementing the TIPS-1 system at UEA while on sabbatical leave. For biographical details of Yukinori Kakazu and Novio Okino see 'Research on geometric modelling by sweep primitives 3-D' in the geometric modelling section. Minicomputer-based CAD/CAM system for mechanical c o m p o n e n t s o f f r e e - f o r m shapes B Gaal and T V~irady (Computer and Automation Institute, Hungarian A cademy of Sciences, Hungary) A complete minicomputer-based CAD/CAM system is introduced. The primary goal of the system is to provide a means of designing and manufacturing mechanical components of free-form shapes. The design module of the system provides a flexible tool for shape description and modification. Various composite tangential algorithms for interpolating data points can be used which are converted to a uniform computer representation based on parametric cubics. A wide range of interactions for local shape modification is available. A CNC option for real-time tool-path generation and some geometric details of roughing and finishing are also presented. B Gaal received a diploma in electrical engineering from the Technical University, Budapest in 1976. Since his graduation he has been working at the Computer Automation Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences as a research engineer. His main fields of activities are computer graphics and design and manufacture of sculptured surfaces. T V~irady received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering in 1976 from the Technical University, Budapest. He then joined the Mechanical Engineering Automation Division of the Computer and Automation Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He has been working in the fields of computational geometry and design and manufacture of free-form shapes.
Jeffrey Gingerich is the Manager of CAD/ CAM Development at the Worldwide Application Development Center, Sperry UNIVAC, Blue Bell, PA, USA.
Software methodology for a largescale integratedCAD/CAM system W L Chung (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea) The KIDS (KAIST integrated design system) is an experimental large-scale integrated CAD/CAM system being developed at KAIST which will ultimately be available as a whole, as individual software parts/modules to configure a new user system, and as software for the fields of numerical software, interactive computer graphics and CAD/CAM. The separation of application dependent and independent components is emphasized. Extensive use is made of formal methods at all stages of the software llfe cycle. Software developed in-house is integrated with that bought in from outside.
D R A F T I N G SYSTEMS: M E C H A N I C A L DESIGN
D I A D - a second g e n e r a t i o n d r a f t i n g system D Langley and P Thorpe (Computer Aided Design Centre, Cambridge, UK) The design criteria and architecture of the Distributed Interactive Drafting system, DIAD, are described. The use of single-user standalone workstatiDns is discussed, along with the benefits of using communications facilities to connect workstations. The workstation system structure is described, with emphasis on user-interaction handling. A computer-assisted d r a u g h t i n g system f o r use in t h e j o b b i n g - e n g i n e e r i n g industry R K Hilton (UKAEA, AEE Winfrith, Dorset, UK)
A hybrid CAD/CAM system for mechanical applications J Z Gingerich, M P Carroll, E J Chelius, W Harper and L P Kuan (Sperry-Univac,
sity, Japan)
Blue Be//, PA, USA)
This paper describes the software system CAMPS for CAM in sheet metal production. CAMPS handles product layout on raw sheet metal, determination of NC punchingpress tool paths, and determination of NC shearing tool paths. To do this, a simple input language, and four mathematical models and their solutions suitable for implementation on a minicomputer are
The current wire frame and surface modelling based CAD/CAM systems provide productive tools for the mechanical manufacturing industries. Volumetric modelling, distributed processing, 3D graphic displays, relational databases, and less expensive, more powerful computers are emerging technologies sure to benefit CAD/ CAM applications. The challenge of the 80s
110
is to integrate the proven CAD/CAM techniques of the 70s with these emerging technologies. Can it be done as evolution or does it require revolution? A hybrid CAD/CAM system addresses the challenge and the question.
The paper presents the case for a cheap 'direct draughting' system which might appeal to the tens of thousands of designers and draughtsmen employed in small engineering organizations. Such a system has been developed at the Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, UK. A keyboard control unit, incorporating a joystick, is demountably secured to a conventional drawing board which in turn has been adapted to function as a digital plotter. The fundamental shapes of coordinate geometry (lines, circles and arcs) together with electrical symbols and alphanumeric text, may be input by a designer, interpreted by an LSI11 microprocessor and output on the drawing by the
c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design
Malcolm Jones joined Oxford Regional Health Authority in 1970 and was Regional Architect from 1974 to 1981. During this time he was responsible for the introduction and development of the integrated CAD system OXSYS.
DRAFT: a problem oriented language system for architectural drafting and design N D Huebner and A Mirante (Sh/dmore, Owings and Merrill, Chicago, USA) Recent trends in the development of automated drafting systems have been directed toward the solution of the generalized drafting problem. Typically, these systems have been built around specialized drafting workstations connected to dedicated computing hardware. This paper describes a different approach using a problem oriented language system, called DRAFT, specifically tailored to architectural drafting and design. DRAFT is designed to run in a diverse interactive computing environment, using both graphic and non-graphic workstations. This environment allows DRAFT to be integrated into a grout of PaL systems which address a wide range of architectural problems.
CAD/CAM
CAMPS - Computer-aided manufacturing for punching-press and shearing M Furukawa (Asahihawa Technical College,
Japan) Y Kakazu and N Okino (Hohhaido Univer-
developed. As a result, it becomes possible to construct an integrated punching-press and shearing CAM system for sheet metal production. Masashi Furukawa is an associate professor at Asahikawa Technical College in Japan. His interests involve optimization problems in industry, and design and applications of CAD/CAM systems. He also works as a staff member of the TIPS working group and he is implementing the TIPS-1 system at UEA while on sabbatical leave. For biographical details of Yukinori Kakazu and Novio Okino see 'Research on geometric modelling by sweep primitives 3-D' in the geometric modelling section. Minicomputer-based CAD/CAM system for mechanical c o m p o n e n t s o f f r e e - f o r m shapes B Gaal and T V~irady (Computer and Automation Institute, Hungarian A cademy of Sciences, Hungary) A complete minicomputer-based CAD/CAM system is introduced. The primary goal of the system is to provide a means of designing and manufacturing mechanical components of free-form shapes. The design module of the system provides a flexible tool for shape description and modification. Various composite tangential algorithms for interpolating data points can be used which are converted to a uniform computer representation based on parametric cubics. A wide range of interactions for local shape modification is available. A CNC option for real-time tool-path generation and some geometric details of roughing and finishing are also presented. B Gaal received a diploma in electrical engineering from the Technical University, Budapest in 1976. Since his graduation he has been working at the Computer Automation Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences as a research engineer. His main fields of activities are computer graphics and design and manufacture of sculptured surfaces. T V~irady received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering in 1976 from the Technical University, Budapest. He then joined the Mechanical Engineering Automation Division of the Computer and Automation Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He has been working in the fields of computational geometry and design and manufacture of free-form shapes.
Jeffrey Gingerich is the Manager of CAD/ CAM Development at the Worldwide Application Development Center, Sperry UNIVAC, Blue Bell, PA, USA.
Software methodology for a largescale integratedCAD/CAM system W L Chung (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea) The KIDS (KAIST integrated design system) is an experimental large-scale integrated CAD/CAM system being developed at KAIST which will ultimately be available as a whole, as individual software parts/modules to configure a new user system, and as software for the fields of numerical software, interactive computer graphics and CAD/CAM. The separation of application dependent and independent components is emphasized. Extensive use is made of formal methods at all stages of the software llfe cycle. Software developed in-house is integrated with that bought in from outside.
D R A F T I N G SYSTEMS: M E C H A N I C A L DESIGN
D I A D - a second g e n e r a t i o n d r a f t i n g system D Langley and P Thorpe (Computer Aided Design Centre, Cambridge, UK) The design criteria and architecture of the Distributed Interactive Drafting system, DIAD, are described. The use of single-user standalone workstatiDns is discussed, along with the benefits of using communications facilities to connect workstations. The workstation system structure is described, with emphasis on user-interaction handling. A computer-assisted d r a u g h t i n g system f o r use in t h e j o b b i n g - e n g i n e e r i n g industry R K Hilton (UKAEA, AEE Winfrith, Dorset, UK)
A hybrid CAD/CAM system for mechanical applications J Z Gingerich, M P Carroll, E J Chelius, W Harper and L P Kuan (Sperry-Univac,
sity, Japan)
Blue Be//, PA, USA)
This paper describes the software system CAMPS for CAM in sheet metal production. CAMPS handles product layout on raw sheet metal, determination of NC punchingpress tool paths, and determination of NC shearing tool paths. To do this, a simple input language, and four mathematical models and their solutions suitable for implementation on a minicomputer are
The current wire frame and surface modelling based CAD/CAM systems provide productive tools for the mechanical manufacturing industries. Volumetric modelling, distributed processing, 3D graphic displays, relational databases, and less expensive, more powerful computers are emerging technologies sure to benefit CAD/ CAM applications. The challenge of the 80s
110
is to integrate the proven CAD/CAM techniques of the 70s with these emerging technologies. Can it be done as evolution or does it require revolution? A hybrid CAD/CAM system addresses the challenge and the question.
The paper presents the case for a cheap 'direct draughting' system which might appeal to the tens of thousands of designers and draughtsmen employed in small engineering organizations. Such a system has been developed at the Atomic Energy Establishment, Winfrith, UK. A keyboard control unit, incorporating a joystick, is demountably secured to a conventional drawing board which in turn has been adapted to function as a digital plotter. The fundamental shapes of coordinate geometry (lines, circles and arcs) together with electrical symbols and alphanumeric text, may be input by a designer, interpreted by an LSI11 microprocessor and output on the drawing by the
c o m p u t e r - a i d e d design