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Diesel Exhaust Exposure Leads to Increased Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation
82
Dog Ownership Is Associated with Uncontrolled Asthma
Angela Tsuang, MD, MSc1, Jade Andrade1,2, Tricia D. Lee, MD1, and Supinda Bunyavanich2,3; 1Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 2Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 3Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. RATIONALE: Contrasting effects of dog exposure on allergy outcomes have been reported. We sought to assess the relationship between dog ownership and asthma control. METHODS: Detailed demographic data were collected and spirometry was performed on patients with persistent asthma recruited from the Mount Sinai Health System’s pediatric clinics (New York, NY). Persistent asthma was defined on the basis of bronchodilator response plus asthma symptoms _ twice weekly or asthma medication use (daily controller medication or > _ twice weekly). Asthma was considered short-acting beta agonist > uncontrolled if FEV1/FVC was <80% at enrollment. Statistical comparisons were performed using Fischer’s exact test, t-test, and multivariate logistic regression (STATA11). RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with physician-diagnosed asthma participated in this study (mean age 12 years, standard deviation 4.5). 48% of patients had uncontrolled asthma (mean FEV1/FVC 70.8%, interquartile range (IQR) 68.0-77.0), and 52% had controlled asthma (mean FEV1/ FVC 86.3%, IQR 82.0-89.0). 37% of patients reported that they had a dog at home. Dog ownership was associated with uncontrolled asthma (OR 3.4, CI 1.08-10.6). Age, race, geographic location of home, number of siblings, and asthma medication use (inhaled corticosteroids, combined long acting beta-agonist with inhaled corticosteroids, and/or montelukast) were not associated with asthma control. Parental history of allergy was significantly associated with dog ownership as well as with asthma control. After controlling for this confounder, dog ownership remained significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR 4.9, CI 1.1321.2). CONCLUSIONS: Dog ownership is associated with increased odds of uncontrolled asthma.
83
Diesel Exhaust Exposure Leads to Increased Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation
Naresh Singh, MSc, and Naveen Arora, PhD; CSIR-Institute of genomics and integrative biology, New delhi, India. RATIONALE: Diesel engine exhaust (DE), predominately produced by the vehicular or industrial engines and in the recent time have been found to be associated with respiratory problems. In the present study the effect of DE from Euro standard engine(s) was studied in mice. METHODS: Balb/c mice (4-6 weeks) were divided into 3 groups with 6 mice each. Group I and II mice was exposed to DE of Euro IV standard and Euro II standard engine respectively for 5 days a week for 3 weeks and third group served as control. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and elastance were measured using methacholine challenge. Total cell count and cytokines were analysed. Lung histology was done by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Mice exposed to DE from either of the engines showed significant increase in AHR and elastance as compared to control group (p < 0.01). Total cell count were increased in DE exposed mice although it was not significant. This was further corroborated by lung histology as inflammation was significantly higher in mice exposed to DE as compared to control group. Airway spaces in the lung tissue were increased in case of DE exposed mice as compared to control. Mice exposed to Euro II standard engine showed increased levels of total cell count, AHR and elastance as compared to Euro IV exposed mice, although, these were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that exposure to diesel exhaust can lead to inflammation and increasing air pollution can be a major risk factor for increase in respiratory problems.
84
Longitudinal Trends in Asthma Emergency Department Visits, Pollutant and Pollen Levels, and Weather Variables in the Bronx from 2001-2008
David Kordit1, Jennifer Toh, MD2, Tulsi Desai3, and Sunit P. Jariwala, MD1; 1Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 2Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, 3Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx. RATIONALE: To evaluate how asthma-related emergency department visits (AREDV), air pollutant levels, pollen counts, and weather variables changed from 2001 to 2008 in the Bronx (NY). METHODS: We collected daily AREDV values (01/01/2001 to 12/31/ 2008) using our institution’s Clinical Looking Glass software. Daily values of temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center’s Bronx station. We obtained daily tree pollen counts from the Armonk counting station near the Bronx. We calculated median values for each variable, and used the Mann-Whitney test to compare 2001-2004 and 2005-2008 values. Due to seasonal variations of the variables, we considered each season separately regarding the 2001-2004 and 2005-2008 comparisons. RESULTS: For AREDV, CO, SO2, and humidity, there were significant decreases for all seasons from 2001-2004 to 2005-2008 (all p<0.03), as well as for NO2 in the spring (2001-2004: 43 ppm; 2005-2008: 42 ppm; p50.026) and winter (2001-2004: 41 ppm; 2005-2008: 39 ppm; p50.005). Significant increases occurred for O3 levels in the spring, fall, and winter (all p<0.001), for temperature in the summer and winter (all p<0.05), and tree pollen in the spring (2001-2004: 102.5 grains/m3; 2005-2008: 155 grains/m3; p50.017). CONCLUSIONS: From 2001 to 2008, we observed significant: a) decreases in median AREDV, CO, SO2, and humidity for all seasons, and decreases in NO2 for the spring and winter; and b) increases in median O3, temperature, and spring tree pollen. Correlation and time-series analyses are necessary to further characterize our findings.
SATURDAY
Abstracts AB25
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL VOLUME 139, NUMBER 2
Dog Ownership Is Associated with Uncontrolled Asthma
Angela Tsuang, MD, MSc1, Jade Andrade1,2, Tricia D. Lee, MD1, and Supinda Bunyavanich2,3; 1Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 2Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 3Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. RATIONALE: Contrasting effects of dog exposure on allergy outcomes have been reported. We sought to assess the relationship between dog ownership and asthma control. METHODS: Detailed demographic data were collected and spirometry was performed on patients with persistent asthma recruited from the Mount Sinai Health System’s pediatric clinics (New York, NY). Persistent asthma was defined on the basis of bronchodilator response plus asthma symptoms _ twice weekly or asthma medication use (daily controller medication or > _ twice weekly). Asthma was considered short-acting beta agonist > uncontrolled if FEV1/FVC was <80% at enrollment. Statistical comparisons were performed using Fischer’s exact test, t-test, and multivariate logistic regression (STATA11). RESULTS: Fifty-six patients with physician-diagnosed asthma participated in this study (mean age 12 years, standard deviation 4.5). 48% of patients had uncontrolled asthma (mean FEV1/FVC 70.8%, interquartile range (IQR) 68.0-77.0), and 52% had controlled asthma (mean FEV1/ FVC 86.3%, IQR 82.0-89.0). 37% of patients reported that they had a dog at home. Dog ownership was associated with uncontrolled asthma (OR 3.4, CI 1.08-10.6). Age, race, geographic location of home, number of siblings, and asthma medication use (inhaled corticosteroids, combined long acting beta-agonist with inhaled corticosteroids, and/or montelukast) were not associated with asthma control. Parental history of allergy was significantly associated with dog ownership as well as with asthma control. After controlling for this confounder, dog ownership remained significantly associated with uncontrolled asthma (adjusted OR 4.9, CI 1.1321.2). CONCLUSIONS: Dog ownership is associated with increased odds of uncontrolled asthma.
83
Diesel Exhaust Exposure Leads to Increased Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation
Naresh Singh, MSc, and Naveen Arora, PhD; CSIR-Institute of genomics and integrative biology, New delhi, India. RATIONALE: Diesel engine exhaust (DE), predominately produced by the vehicular or industrial engines and in the recent time have been found to be associated with respiratory problems. In the present study the effect of DE from Euro standard engine(s) was studied in mice. METHODS: Balb/c mice (4-6 weeks) were divided into 3 groups with 6 mice each. Group I and II mice was exposed to DE of Euro IV standard and Euro II standard engine respectively for 5 days a week for 3 weeks and third group served as control. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and elastance were measured using methacholine challenge. Total cell count and cytokines were analysed. Lung histology was done by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS: Mice exposed to DE from either of the engines showed significant increase in AHR and elastance as compared to control group (p < 0.01). Total cell count were increased in DE exposed mice although it was not significant. This was further corroborated by lung histology as inflammation was significantly higher in mice exposed to DE as compared to control group. Airway spaces in the lung tissue were increased in case of DE exposed mice as compared to control. Mice exposed to Euro II standard engine showed increased levels of total cell count, AHR and elastance as compared to Euro IV exposed mice, although, these were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that exposure to diesel exhaust can lead to inflammation and increasing air pollution can be a major risk factor for increase in respiratory problems.
84
Longitudinal Trends in Asthma Emergency Department Visits, Pollutant and Pollen Levels, and Weather Variables in the Bronx from 2001-2008
David Kordit1, Jennifer Toh, MD2, Tulsi Desai3, and Sunit P. Jariwala, MD1; 1Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 2Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, 3Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx. RATIONALE: To evaluate how asthma-related emergency department visits (AREDV), air pollutant levels, pollen counts, and weather variables changed from 2001 to 2008 in the Bronx (NY). METHODS: We collected daily AREDV values (01/01/2001 to 12/31/ 2008) using our institution’s Clinical Looking Glass software. Daily values of temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center’s Bronx station. We obtained daily tree pollen counts from the Armonk counting station near the Bronx. We calculated median values for each variable, and used the Mann-Whitney test to compare 2001-2004 and 2005-2008 values. Due to seasonal variations of the variables, we considered each season separately regarding the 2001-2004 and 2005-2008 comparisons. RESULTS: For AREDV, CO, SO2, and humidity, there were significant decreases for all seasons from 2001-2004 to 2005-2008 (all p<0.03), as well as for NO2 in the spring (2001-2004: 43 ppm; 2005-2008: 42 ppm; p50.026) and winter (2001-2004: 41 ppm; 2005-2008: 39 ppm; p50.005). Significant increases occurred for O3 levels in the spring, fall, and winter (all p<0.001), for temperature in the summer and winter (all p<0.05), and tree pollen in the spring (2001-2004: 102.5 grains/m3; 2005-2008: 155 grains/m3; p50.017). CONCLUSIONS: From 2001 to 2008, we observed significant: a) decreases in median AREDV, CO, SO2, and humidity for all seasons, and decreases in NO2 for the spring and winter; and b) increases in median O3, temperature, and spring tree pollen. Correlation and time-series analyses are necessary to further characterize our findings.
SATURDAY
Abstracts AB25
J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUNOL VOLUME 139, NUMBER 2