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Discussion by Rob Ferguson
The evolution of sediment waves in heterogeneous rivers
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Pizzuto, J.E., 2002. Effects of dam removal on river form and process. BioScience 52, 683–692. Proffitt, G.T., 1980. Selective transport and armouring of non-uniform alluvial sediments. 80/22, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ. Reid, I., Frostick, L.E., Layman, J.T., 1985. The incidence and nature of bedload transport during flood flows in coarse-grained alluvial channels. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 10, 33–44. Reid, I., Laronne, J.B., 1995. Bed load sediment transport in an ephemeral stream and a comparison with seasonal and perennial counterparts. Water Resour. Res. 31, 773–781. Sawada, T., Ashida, K., and Takahashi, T., 1985. Sediment transport in mountain basins. In: International Symposium on Erosion, Debris Flow and Disaster Prevention, Tsukuba, Japan. pp. 139–144. Simon, A., 1992. Energy, time, and channel evolution in catastrophically disturbed fluvial systems. Geomorphology 5, 345–372. Simon, A., Bennett, S.J., Neary, V.S., 2004. Riparian vegetation and geomorphology: problems and opportunities. In: Bennett, S.J. and Simon, A. (Eds), Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Geomorphology. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 1–10. Smith, B.J., 2004. Relations between bed material transport and storage during aggradation and degradation in a gravel bed channel. Masters thesis. Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA. Sternberg, H., 1875. Untersuchungen ueber laengen- und querprofil geschiebefuehrende flusse. Z. Bauwesen 25, 483–506. Sutherland, D.G., Hansler, M.E., Hilton, S., Lisle, T.E., 2002. Evolution of a landslide-induced sediment wave in the Navarro River, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 114, 1036–1048. Trimble, S.W., 1981. Changes in sediment storage in the Coon Creek Basin, Driftless Area, Wisconsin, 1853 to 1975. Science 214, 181–183. Trustrum, N.A., Gomez, B., Page, M.J., et al., 1999. Sediment production, storage and output: the relative role of large magnitude events in steepland catchments. Z. Geomorphol. Suppl. 115, 71–86. Turner, T.R., 1995. Geomorphic response of the Madison River to point sediment loading at the Madison Slide, southwest Montana. M. S. Montana State University. Wathen, S.J., Hoey, T.B., 1998. Morphologic controls on the downstream passage of a sediment wave in a gravel-bed stream. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 23, 715–730. Werritty, A., 1992. Downstream fining in a gravel-bed river in southern Portland: lithologic controls and the role of abrasion. In: Billi, P., Hey, R.D., Thorne, C.R., and Tacconi, P. (Eds), Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 333–350. Wilcock, P.R., Crowe, J.C., 2003. Surface-based transport model for mixed-size sediment. J. Hydraul. Eng. 129, 120–127. Wilcock, P.R., Southard, J.B., 1989. Bed load transport of mixed size sediment: fractional transport rates, bed forms, and the development of a coarse bed surface layer. Water Resour. Res. 25, 1629–1641. Wohl, E., Cenderelli, D.A., 2000. Sediment deposition and transport patterns following a reservoir sediment release. Water Resour. Res. 36, 319–333.
Discussion by Rob Ferguson A distinction is often made between ‘transport-limited’ and ‘supply-limited’ bedload flux. I would welcome your opinion on the utility of this distinction in the light of your excellent review of sediment pulses. Your case studies show that a sudden injection of sediment into a gravel-bed river leads to a period of mutual adjustment amongst bed level, surface grain size distribution (GSD), and bedload flux. There is a shifting relationship between bedload flux and water discharge at any one location, but it seems to me that the immediate reason for this is the change in surface GSD; supply to the system is only indirectly relevant through the history of change in bed level and surface GSD. Would ‘availability-limited’ be a better term?
469
Pizzuto, J.E., 2002. Effects of dam removal on river form and process. BioScience 52, 683–692. Proffitt, G.T., 1980. Selective transport and armouring of non-uniform alluvial sediments. 80/22, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ. Reid, I., Frostick, L.E., Layman, J.T., 1985. The incidence and nature of bedload transport during flood flows in coarse-grained alluvial channels. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 10, 33–44. Reid, I., Laronne, J.B., 1995. Bed load sediment transport in an ephemeral stream and a comparison with seasonal and perennial counterparts. Water Resour. Res. 31, 773–781. Sawada, T., Ashida, K., and Takahashi, T., 1985. Sediment transport in mountain basins. In: International Symposium on Erosion, Debris Flow and Disaster Prevention, Tsukuba, Japan. pp. 139–144. Simon, A., 1992. Energy, time, and channel evolution in catastrophically disturbed fluvial systems. Geomorphology 5, 345–372. Simon, A., Bennett, S.J., Neary, V.S., 2004. Riparian vegetation and geomorphology: problems and opportunities. In: Bennett, S.J. and Simon, A. (Eds), Riparian Vegetation and Fluvial Geomorphology. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 1–10. Smith, B.J., 2004. Relations between bed material transport and storage during aggradation and degradation in a gravel bed channel. Masters thesis. Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA. Sternberg, H., 1875. Untersuchungen ueber laengen- und querprofil geschiebefuehrende flusse. Z. Bauwesen 25, 483–506. Sutherland, D.G., Hansler, M.E., Hilton, S., Lisle, T.E., 2002. Evolution of a landslide-induced sediment wave in the Navarro River, California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 114, 1036–1048. Trimble, S.W., 1981. Changes in sediment storage in the Coon Creek Basin, Driftless Area, Wisconsin, 1853 to 1975. Science 214, 181–183. Trustrum, N.A., Gomez, B., Page, M.J., et al., 1999. Sediment production, storage and output: the relative role of large magnitude events in steepland catchments. Z. Geomorphol. Suppl. 115, 71–86. Turner, T.R., 1995. Geomorphic response of the Madison River to point sediment loading at the Madison Slide, southwest Montana. M. S. Montana State University. Wathen, S.J., Hoey, T.B., 1998. Morphologic controls on the downstream passage of a sediment wave in a gravel-bed stream. Earth Surf. Process. Landf. 23, 715–730. Werritty, A., 1992. Downstream fining in a gravel-bed river in southern Portland: lithologic controls and the role of abrasion. In: Billi, P., Hey, R.D., Thorne, C.R., and Tacconi, P. (Eds), Dynamics of Gravel-Bed Rivers. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 333–350. Wilcock, P.R., Crowe, J.C., 2003. Surface-based transport model for mixed-size sediment. J. Hydraul. Eng. 129, 120–127. Wilcock, P.R., Southard, J.B., 1989. Bed load transport of mixed size sediment: fractional transport rates, bed forms, and the development of a coarse bed surface layer. Water Resour. Res. 25, 1629–1641. Wohl, E., Cenderelli, D.A., 2000. Sediment deposition and transport patterns following a reservoir sediment release. Water Resour. Res. 36, 319–333.
Discussion by Rob Ferguson A distinction is often made between ‘transport-limited’ and ‘supply-limited’ bedload flux. I would welcome your opinion on the utility of this distinction in the light of your excellent review of sediment pulses. Your case studies show that a sudden injection of sediment into a gravel-bed river leads to a period of mutual adjustment amongst bed level, surface grain size distribution (GSD), and bedload flux. There is a shifting relationship between bedload flux and water discharge at any one location, but it seems to me that the immediate reason for this is the change in surface GSD; supply to the system is only indirectly relevant through the history of change in bed level and surface GSD. Would ‘availability-limited’ be a better term?