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Dyestuffs by new methods
402
CURRENT
TOPICS.
[J. F. I.
(Weekly New Letter, U. S. Dycstuffs by New Methods. Department of Agriculture, vol. vi, No. 51,-p. 4, July 23, 1919.)Cheaper proceses for the manufacture of a number of dvestuffs and medicinal preparations will result, it is believed, from *discovcries made by experts of the United States Department of Agriculture who have been investigating ways of making certain sulphonic acids. With a view to helping the chemical industry of the country, the department is offering to cooperate with manufacturers in establishing the process on a commercial scale. The expenses of installation are to be borne by the manufacturing concerns cooperating. Experts of the color laboratory of the Bureau of Chemistry will be assigned to the plants and will assume control of the undertaking. In all such undertakings, the stipulation will be made by the department that the manufacturing concern is not to divulge anything pertaining to the original process or to any that may be developed later, but that the right to patent any or all of these remains in the Department of Agriculture, these patents, if they are allowed, to be dedicated to the free use of the Government and the public. In the laboratory experiments the sulphonation of a number of hydrocarbons has been studied and in some cases the laboratory work has reached a stage that large-scale experiments are necessary The work on bemene is most to prove the value of the process. Sulphonated benzene is used in the manufacture of advanced. resorcinol and of synthetic phenol. The laboratory work on the sulphonation of other hydrocarbons is nearing completion.
Durability of Untreated Piling Above Low Tide. (Technical Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.)-In tidal .waters the portions of piles above mean low tide, although completely immersed only part of the time, may be practically saturated Wood constantly saturated with water is not subject all the time. to decay, and this fact makes the height to which saturation extends above low tide a question of considerable interest to the designing engineer. The opinion of a number of engineers and construction companies, expressed in response to inquiries by the Forest Products piling in water not Laboratory at Madison, Wis., is that untreated infested with marine wood-borers will remain sound indefinitely if cut off at half-tide. This height ranges in various ports from 2.3 At certain places on the Atlantic to 4.5 feet above low water. coast, piles cut off at the height of half-tide are still sound after from fifty to one hundred years of service. Untreated piling is destroyed by marine borers more rapidly than by decay, and the information given woulld, of course, have no practical use where these organisms are active. Notes,
CURRENT
TOPICS.
[J. F. I.
(Weekly New Letter, U. S. Dycstuffs by New Methods. Department of Agriculture, vol. vi, No. 51,-p. 4, July 23, 1919.)Cheaper proceses for the manufacture of a number of dvestuffs and medicinal preparations will result, it is believed, from *discovcries made by experts of the United States Department of Agriculture who have been investigating ways of making certain sulphonic acids. With a view to helping the chemical industry of the country, the department is offering to cooperate with manufacturers in establishing the process on a commercial scale. The expenses of installation are to be borne by the manufacturing concerns cooperating. Experts of the color laboratory of the Bureau of Chemistry will be assigned to the plants and will assume control of the undertaking. In all such undertakings, the stipulation will be made by the department that the manufacturing concern is not to divulge anything pertaining to the original process or to any that may be developed later, but that the right to patent any or all of these remains in the Department of Agriculture, these patents, if they are allowed, to be dedicated to the free use of the Government and the public. In the laboratory experiments the sulphonation of a number of hydrocarbons has been studied and in some cases the laboratory work has reached a stage that large-scale experiments are necessary The work on bemene is most to prove the value of the process. Sulphonated benzene is used in the manufacture of advanced. resorcinol and of synthetic phenol. The laboratory work on the sulphonation of other hydrocarbons is nearing completion.
Durability of Untreated Piling Above Low Tide. (Technical Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin.)-In tidal .waters the portions of piles above mean low tide, although completely immersed only part of the time, may be practically saturated Wood constantly saturated with water is not subject all the time. to decay, and this fact makes the height to which saturation extends above low tide a question of considerable interest to the designing engineer. The opinion of a number of engineers and construction companies, expressed in response to inquiries by the Forest Products piling in water not Laboratory at Madison, Wis., is that untreated infested with marine wood-borers will remain sound indefinitely if cut off at half-tide. This height ranges in various ports from 2.3 At certain places on the Atlantic to 4.5 feet above low water. coast, piles cut off at the height of half-tide are still sound after from fifty to one hundred years of service. Untreated piling is destroyed by marine borers more rapidly than by decay, and the information given woulld, of course, have no practical use where these organisms are active. Notes,